Kyle J. Norton
According to the free radical theory, a free radical with a single unpaired electron in an outermost shell and highly reactive with other cells, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other proteins, unsaturated fatty acid, phospholipids, DNA, and RNA,..,
The theory also suggested that human aging is a result of widespread skin damage caused by a set of chain reactions auto-catalytically of overexpression of free radicals after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.
Oxidative stress is a condition characterized by a chain reaction of the overexpression of free radicals that cannot be stopped.
In other words, oxidative stress is a result of the imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants produced by the host that exists over a long period of time.
Free radicals are unstable atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost ring. Therefore, in order for them to become stable, free radicals must steal or donate an electron from or to other atoms.
Long-term expression oxidative stress has been found to cause damage to the protein, lipid, and cell DNA, leading to an increased risk of chronic disease, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancers.
Antioxidants are stable atoms that inhibit oxidation.
Oxidative stress may be preventable if antioxidants in the body can pair all electrons in the outermost ring.
Overexpression of free radicals is harmful to the human body. However, free radicals in a moderate amount generated from cell metabolism may play a critical role in the synthesis of energy and essential molecules and boost the immune system.
Normally, antioxidant enzymes by the body are more than enough to counter the expression of free radicals that occur in our body every day. However, in people with a weakened immune system intake of dietary antioxidants such as supplements or fruits may improve levels of antioxidants in the body.
Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.
On finding a natural pigment for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers examined the antioxidant effects of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) juice (BRJ), a good source of betalain (betacyanins and betaxanthin) pigments.
The study included rats with isoproterenol (ISP85 mg/kg injected at 24 h intervals)-induced myocardial ischemia followed by oral administration of BRJ for 28 days at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg.
According to the tested results* Pretreatment with BRJ (150 and 300 mg/kg) restored the cardiac endogenous antioxidants and reduced levels of oxidative/nitrosative stress, in rats treated by ISP.
* Overexpression of cardiac inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 caused by ISP was inhibited by the pretreatment of BRJ compared to the untreated group.
* Furthermore, hyperlipidemia level-induced ISP was significantly reduced by the BRJ pretreatment.
* Moreover, BRJ also protected against the extent of histological damage, myonecrosis, and edema, and maintained the architecture of cardiomyocytes by exhibiting the effects of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and inhibiting the effects of apoptotic proteins.
These results strongly suggested that betacyanins and betaxanthin found in BRJ mitigate cardiac dysfunction and structural damage by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in cardiac tissues.
Based on the findings, researchers said, "These results further support the use of BRJ in traditional medicine against cardiovascular diseases".
Taken together, betacyanins found abundantly in beetroot may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Beetroot juice alleviates isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats by Raish M1, Ahmad A2, Ansari MA3, Alkharfy KM2, Ahad A1, Khan A3, Ali N4, Ganaie MA5, Hamidaddin MAA. (PubMed)
(2) Betanin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in kidney of paraquat-treated rat by Tan D1, Wang Y2, Bai B1, Yang X2, Han J. (PubMed)
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