Candida albicans are members of a large group of microorganism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast(2)(3), fungi(4)(5)(6), and mold(6) that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract.
Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species cause 35-65% of all candidaemias in the general patient population(1).
According to a joint study, in many cases, biofilm(microorganisms with cells sticking to each other on a surface) formation(7) gene mutations(8), and overexpression of genes(9)(10) are often associated with increased candida resistance toward antifungal drugs.
Herbal medicine or phytotherapy is a traditional practice that used botany and plants for the treatment of a variety of diseases.
Today, due to serious side effects caused by the intake of conventional single-ingredient medication, some scientists once again have looked into herbal whole-food plants with the aim to find replacements with similar effects without inducing adverse effects.
These journeys have encountered many problems, as the discovery of such plants will provide no commercial benefit and patent right to producers. Particularly, if such plants are found, they will exert a major blow in cutting into sizable benefits of big pharmaceutical companies
Truly, between 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants, and none are used as antimicrobials(b).
Some researchers suggested that duplicated herbal successes of Western drugs with the synthetic version for the patent right without using the whole herb ingredients for commercial profits may eventually contribute to the overexpression of serious adverse effects(b).
The imbalance of the ratio of ROS species and antioxidant enzymes in the host tissue has played an essential role in the initiated expression of healthy cell cytotoxicity that can alternate DNA transcription in facilitating the development of chronic ailments such as the overgrowth of candida.
In free radical expression caused by growth candida, certain natural alternatives exerted a strong antioxidant effect that targets Candida.
According to Dr. Seneviratne CJ at the University of Hong Kong, in the study of "Potent anti-traditional Chinese herbal plant contains significant and potent antifungal activities, such as Rhizoma Coptidis and Cortex phellodendri Chinesis on three different non-albicans Candida species, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. tropicalis(a).
The Anti Over Growth of Candida Natural Alternatives
1. Manuka Honey
Manuka honey has been known to benefit humans in healing wounds and injuries(309) without inducing damage to cells. The product also contains hydrogen peroxide claimed to have antimicrobial properties (310), including Candida albicans(311).
2. Undecylenic acid
Undecylenic acid is the common name of the 10-undecenoic acid, an organic unsaturated fatty acid derived from castor oil, It is a natural antimicrobial property(312)against fungal skin infections(313)(314) and Candida albicans(315).
3. Caprylic acid
Caprylic acid is the common name for the eight-carbon saturated fatty acid found naturally in coconuts and breast milk, used in treatments for a variety of conditions, including Candida(316)(317).
4. Echinacea angustifolia
Echinacea angustifolia is a herbaceous plant species Echinacea angustifolia, belongings to the family Asteraceae native to Northern America. Echinacea angustifolia besides enhances the immune system function(318)(319) against the invasion of bacteria and viral through its antioxidant effects, it also used to treat bacterial infections(320) and candida(318) in herb medicine.
5. Horopeit
Horopeit is a genus Pseudowintera, part of family Winteraceae. The herb contains a compound polygonal, a chemical compound used to suppress the growth of candida(321)(322) by damaging the permeable cell membrane of yeast(322).
6. Oregano
Oregano is a genus of the mint family Lamiaceae, native to southwestern Eurasia and the Mediterranean region. The herb not only promotes digestive health(323), clear skin and healthy immune system(324) but also dehydrates candida(325) by reacting with the water in the bloodstream, through its phytochemicals Carvacrol and Thymol(326).
7. Aloe vera
Aloe vera is a genus Aloe belongings to the family Asphodelaceae, which originated in Sudan. Besides containing significant amounts of amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants which help to enhance the immune function(327) in fighting against virus and bacterial infection and inflammation(328), it also maintains a proper PH levels that inhibit the growth of candida(329) and repairs and seals the intestinal wall, which stops Candida from actually penetrating through and into your bloodstream(330).
8. Tea tree oil
Tea tree oil is a pale yellow color to nearly clear essential oil extracted from the leaves of the Narrow-leaved Tea-tree, native to the northeast coast of New South Wales, Australia. In Fluconazole-resistant candida Albicans strains, dose-depend manner, tea tree oil strongly exhibited fluconazole activity against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains, through its antifungal activity(331).
Terpinen-4-ol, the main bioactive component found in tea tree oil, also showed to accelerate clearance of all Candida strains from the vagina, including the azole-resistant forms in rat vaginal infection model(332)
9. Tannate plant extracts
Tannate is the salt or ester of tannic acid. Tannate plant extract is a powerful antifungal agent(333)(334) by destroying candida selectively without harming the good flora in the body(335). It is said that tannate plant extract is effective in treating bacteria, viruses, and fungal infections due to its antifungal(333)(334), and anti-inflammatory properties(336).
10. Biotin
Biotin or vitamin B7, a coenzyme in the metabolism of fatty acids and leucine, plays an important role in gluconeogenesis(337). According to Università degli Studi di Torino, patients with biotin deficiency are at high risk of candida albicans overgrowth(338).
Biotin prevents yeast to change into its fungal form(339), thus reducing the risk of candida albicans overgrowth.
11. Probiotics (friendly bacteria)
Probiotic is live microorganisms which benefit the host. Intake of probiotics enhances the production of hydrogen peroxide(340) which plays an important role in preventing candida overgrowth and through self-multiple mechanisms(341).
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(a) Potent anti-microbial activity of traditional Chinese medicine herbs against Candida species by Seneviratne CJ1, Wong RW, Samaranayake LP. (PubMed)
(b) Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents by Marjorie Murphy Cowan(PMC)(1) Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance by Krcmery V1, Barnes AJ. (PubMed)
(2) Pathogenicity and drug resistance in Candida albicans and other yeast species. A review by Mishra NN1, Prasad T, Sharma N, Payasi A, Prasad R, Gupta DK, Singh R.(PubMed)
(3) Multidrug resistance in yeast Candida by Prasad R1, Kapoor K.(PubMerd)
(4) New evidence that Candida albicans possesses additional ATP-binding cassette MDR-like genes: implications for antifungal azole resistance. by Walsh TJ1, Kasai M, Francesconi A, Landsman D, Chanock SJ.(PubMed)
(5) Mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans isolates from AIDS patients involve specific multidrug transporters. by Sanglard D1, Kuchler K, Ischer F, Pagani JL, Monod M, Bille J.(PubMed)
(6) Structural analysis of phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes isolated from yeast and mold form cells of Candida albicans NIH A-207 serotype A strain by Shibata N1, Fukasawa S, Kobayashi H, Tojo M, Yonezu T, Ambo A, Ohkubo Y, Suzuki S.(PubMed)
(7) The effect of antifungal combination on transcripts of a subset of drug-resistance genes in clinical isolates of Candida species induced biofilms by Ibrahim NH1, Melake NA2, Somily AM3, Zakaria AS4, Baddour MM5, Mahmoud AZ6(PubMed)
(8) Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. by Vanden Bossche H1, Dromer F, Improvisi I, Lozano-Chiu M, Rex JH, Sanglard D.(PubMed)
(9) The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicans by Morschhäuser J1.(PubMed)
(10) A proteomic approach to understanding the development of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans strains by Kusch H1, Biswas K, Schwanfelder S, Engelmann S, Rogers PD, Hecker M, Morschhäuser J.(PubMed)(247) The role of vitamin E in T-cell differentiation and the decrease of cellular immunity with aging. by Moriguchi S1.(PubMed)
(310) Effect of hydrogen peroxide on antibacterial activities of Canadian honey by Brudzynski K1.(PubMed)
(311) Streptomyces sp. JS520 produces exceptionally high quantities of undecylprodigiosin with antibacterial, antioxidative, and UV-protective properties by Stankovic N1, Radulovic V, Petkovic M, Vuckovic I, Jadranin M, Vasiljevic B, Nikodinovic-Runic J.(PubMed)
(312) Antimicrobial polyurethane thermosets based on undecylenic acid: synthesis and evaluation.by Lluch C1, Esteve-Zarzoso B, Bordons A, Lligadas G, Ronda JC, Galià M, Cádiz V.(PubMed)
(313) Allergic contact dermatitis from undecylenic acid in a commercial antifungal nail solution by Anguita JL1, Escutia B, Marí JI, Rodríguez M, De La Cuadra J, Aliaga A.(PubMed)
(314) Undecylenic acid and fungous infections by Landau JW. (PubMed)
(315) Undecylenic acid inhibits morphogenesis of Candida albicans by McLain N1, Ascanio R, Baker C, Strohaver RA, Dolan JW.(PubMed)
(316) [Inhibition of Candida mycelia growth by a medium chain fatty acids, capric acid in vitro and its therapeutic efficacy in murine oral candidiasis].[Article in Japanese]by Takahashi M1, Inoue S, Hayama K, Ninomiya K, Abe S.(PubMed)
(317) [Effects of inhibitory activity on mycelial growth of Candida albicans and therapy for murine oral candidiasis by the combined use of terpinene-4-ol and a middle-chain fatty acid, capric acid].[Article in Japanese]by Ninomiya K1, Hayama K, Ishijima S, Takahashi M, Kurihara J, Abe S.(PubMed)
(318) In vitro and in vivo immune stimulating effects of a new standardized Echinacea angustifolia root extract (Polinacea) by Morazzoni P1, Cristoni A, Di Pierro F, Avanzini C, Ravarino D, Stornello S, Zucca M, Musso T.(PubMed)
(319) Immune enhancing effects of Echinacea purpurea root extract by reducing regulatory T cell number and function by Kim HR, Oh SK, Lim W, Lee HK, Moon BI, Seoh JY.(PubMed)
(320) Applications of the phytomedicine Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower) in infectious diseases. by Hudson JB1.(PubMed)
(321) Anethole, a potential antimicrobial synergist, converts a fungistatic dodecanol to a fungicidal agentby Fujita K1, Fujita T, Kubo I.(PubMed)
(322) Polygodial, an antifungal potentiator by Kubo I1, Taniguchi M.(PubMed)
(323) Enterococci from piglets--probiotic properties and responsiveness to natural antibacterial substances by Strompfová V1, Lauková A.(PubMed)
(324) Dietary supplementation with two Lamiaceae herbs-(oregano and sage) modulates innate immunity parameters in Lumbricus terrestris by Vattem DA1, Lester C, Deleon R, Jamison B, Maitin V.(PubMed)
(325) Oregano Oil for Candida(New health guide)(326) In vitro activity of origanum vulgare essential oil against candidaspecies by Cleff MB1, Meinerz AR, Xavier M, Schuch LF, Schuch LF, Araújo Meireles MC, Alves Rodrigues MR, de Mello JR. (PubMed)
(327) Augmented humoral immune response and decreased cell-mediated immunity by Aloe vera in rats. by Halder S1, Mehta AK, Mediratta PK.(PubMed)
(328) Antimicrobial activity of preparation Bioaron C by Gawron-Gzella A, Michalak A, Kędzia A.(PubMed)
(329) Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts on Candida albicans: an in vitro study by Doddanna SJ1, Patel S, Sundarrao MA, Veerabhadrappa RS. (PubMed)
(330) Antifungals: Aloe Vera(The candida diets)
(331) The Influence of Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) on Fluconazole Activity against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Strains by Mertas A1, Garbusińska A1, Szliszka E1, Jureczko A1, Kowalska M1, Król W1.(PubMed)
(332) In vivo activity of terpinen-4-ol, the main bioactive component of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (tea tree) oil against azole-susceptible and -resistant human pathogenic Candida species by Mondello F1, De Bernardis F, Girolamo A, Cassone A, Salvatore G.(PubMed)
(333) [The effect of tannic acid on the colonization of Candida in tissue conditioning material].
[Article in Japanese]by Kubota K.(PubMed)(334) [The effect of tannic acid on attachment of Candida albicans to plate denture lining material].
[Article in Japanese]by Tanaka T.(PubMed)
(335) Who Gets Yeast Infections? (Things for ladies)(336) Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening and Anti Inflammatory Activity of Leaves and Stem of Mikania scandens (L.) Wild by Banerjee S1, Chanda A1, Adhikari A2, Das A2, Biswas S3.(PubMed)
(337) The effect of oxalate on gluconeogenesis by isolated chicken hepatocytes. Increased sensitivity to inhibition as a result of biotin deficiency by Bannister DW, O'Neill IE. (PubMed)
(338) Growth of Candida albicans in a minimal synthetic medium without biotin. by Vidotto V1, Pugliese A, Gioannini P.(PubMed)
(339) Candida Infestation and BiotinWritten by Sean Brookwood Published on September 22, 2013
(340) Improved growth and viability of lactobacilli in the presence of Bacillus subtilis (natto), catalase, or subtilisin by Hosoi T1, Ametani A, Kiuchi K, Kaminogawa S.(PubMed)
(Oxidative stress responses in the human fungal pathogen, Candidaalbicans by Dantas Ada S1, Day A2, Ikeh M3, Kos I4, Achan B5, Quinn J6.(PubMed)
(341) Candida Diets: Part II: Hydrogen Peroxide Written by Jeff McCombs(342) Glutamine supplementation for young infants with severe gastrointestinal disease. by Brown JV1, Moe-Byrne T, McGuire W.(PubMed)
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