Sunday, 2 July 2023

#Herbal #Calendula and Its Extacts Processed Cytotoxic Activity By Inducing Tumor Cell Apoptosis by Blocking Cancer in Facilitated Growth, Invasion, and Metastasis

Kyle J. Norton

Herbal calendula may process a profound and sustainable effect in inhibiting the key step in tumor angiogenesis, some scientists suggested.
Angiogenesis is the process that develops new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels by invasive tumors to provide energy(nutrition and fluids) for cancerous cells' growth and proliferation.

Cancers are a class of diseases caused by the alternation of DNA that initiates healthy cells to grow disorderly and uncontrollably.

At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away from the original site to infect healthy cells of other tissue and organs.

Cancers are the second leading cause of death worldwide besides heart diseases.

According to a statistic from the Canada Government, approximately 1 in 2 Canadians will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime, and 1 in 4 will die from the disease.

Most common types of cancer in Canada include lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancers. And these 4 cancers account for half of all cancers diagnosed in Canada.

Believe it or not, 1/4 of cancers death are due to lung cancer.

Depending on the type of cancer, people with cancers may experience general and specific symptoms.

The American Cancer Society wrote, "Cancer may also cause symptoms like fever, extreme tiredness (fatigue), or weight loss. Because cancer cells use up much of the body’s energy supply, or they may release substances that change the way the body makes energy from food. Cancer can also cause the immune system to react in ways that produce these signs and symptoms" and " Sometimes, cancer cells release substances into the bloodstream that cause symptoms that are not usually linked to cancer. For example, some cancers of the pancreas can release substances that cause blood clots in veins of the legs".
DNA alteration is the major cause of the disease.

Some researchers suggested smoking, radiation, viruses, carcinogens, obesity, hormones, chronic inflammation,.... and physical inactivity are associated with an increased risk of cancers.


Calendula is also known as pot marigold, annual or perennial herbaceous plant of about 12–20 species of the genus Calendula, belongings to the family Asteraceae, native to Southern Europe.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as a spasmolytic, spasmogenic, and inflammatory agent and to treat abdominal cramps, wound healing, skin diseases, colitis,.... and constipation.

Chemicals Compounds
Beside major chemical constituents of triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarines, quinones, volatile oil, carotenoids, and amino acids, the herb also contains loliolide (calendin), calendulin,.... and n-paraffins.

The study of Calendula against the Angiogenesis of most solid tumors suggested that calendula consists of a strong and positive effect in suppressed tumor growth through its anti-infectious endothelial cells proliferation(1).

The application of calendula extract also displayed antiangiogenic activity through a direct inhibitory activity against the key step in tumor angiogenesis(1).

Furthermore, according to Universidad de Granada, the extract exhibited cytotoxic tumor cell activity, induced lymphocyte activation in vivo against tumor growth of Ando-2 melanoma cells, and prolonged the survival days of the mice, through cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and Caspase-3-induced apoptosis(2).

Caspase 3 is one of a member of caspases that acts as a crucial mediator in programmed cell death (apoptosis).

In lung metastasis by B16F-10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice, calendula officinalis flower extract reduced the lung tumor nodules by 74% with a 43.3% increase in lifespan, probably through the inhibition of key enzymes involved in processes of metastasis(3).

These results suggested that herbal calendula officinalis and its extracts processed cytotoxic activity in the induction of tumor cells apoptosis by blocking cancer in facilitated growth, invasion, and metastasis.

However, further data collection on large example size and multi-center studies performed with human consumption of whole food during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of herbal calendula anti-cancer possibilities.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Screening the antiangiogenic activity of medicinal plants grown and sold in Jordan by Zihlif M1, Afifi F, Muhtaseb R, Al-Khatib S, Abaza I, Naffa R.(PubMed)
(2) A new extract of the plant Calendula officinalis produces a dual in vitro effect: cytotoxic anti-tumor activity and lymphocyte activation by Jiménez-Medina E1, Garcia-Lora A, Paco L, Algarra I, Collado A, Garrido F.(PubMed)
(3) Inhibition of metastasis of B16F-10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice by an extract of Calendula officinalis L flowers by Preethi KC1, Siveen KS, Kuttan R, Kuttan G.(PubMed)

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