Kyle J. Norton
Arnica may have a therapeutic effect in enhanced immune function, some scientists suggested.
The results of the analysis were conducted by a number of respectable universities, including the University Medical Center Freiburg, and published in several medical online literature.
Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belongings to the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and Asia, used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is the process of repairing the damage to skin, tissues, organs, etc.
In the investigation to compare Anise tinctures and sesquiterpene lactones (SL), the secondary plant metabolites isolated from Arnica, anti-inflammatory effects in inhibited expression of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation, researchers found that application of Arnica tinctures and SL potently suppressed NF-kappaB activation and IL-12 production in dendritic cells at high concentrations but has immunostimulatory effects at low concentrations.
The nuclear factor NF-κB pathway is considered as a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway and IL-12 is an immune response signaling pathway in response to antigenic stimulation.
Furthermore, in contrast to general belief, the application of Arnica tinctures exerted an effect in suppressed contact hypersensitivity to sensitizer trinitrochlorobenzene and activation of dendritic cells.
These results indicated that herbal Anise inhibits the induction of contact hypersensitivity through its anti-inflammatorily immunosuppressive effect via immune regulation.
In impairing protein and DNA synthesis, injection of helenalin also displayed a deregulated and unwanted T cell-mediated immune response, through induced apoptosis in activated CD4+ T cells, by triggering the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.
CD4+ T cells expression is a displaying CD4 molecules on their surface induced by glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells in sending signals to T helper cells to initiate an immune pro-inflammatory response to the infectious site.
More precisely, helenalin deactivated the production of CD4+ T cells through inhibition of proliferation by G2/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by the accumulation of cell cycle regulator proteins.
Further examination also found that helenalin injection enhanced the function of p53 in inhibited CD4+ T cell cycle division through its ability as a tumor suppression as well as increased expression of reactive oxygen species in facilitated cytotoxicity.
Moreover, helenalin also de-activated CD4+ T cell expression by suppressing nuclear translocation of NFATc2 with function in response to the activation of CD4+ T cells.
Dr. Berges C1, the lead author, at the end of the experiment said, "Helenalin can be defined as a new immunosuppressive compound suited for the treatment of deregulated and unwanted T cell-mediated immune responses".
The evidence of the collection suggested that Arnica and its bioactive compound helenalin may be considered a functional herb in improved immune function. However, intake of Arnica extract and supplement should be taken with extreme care as toxicity was found in case of overdose.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory mechanisms prevent contact hypersensitivity to Arnica montana L by Lass C1, Vocanson M, Wagner S, Schempp CM, Nicolas JF, Merfort I, Martin SF.(PubMed)
(2) Differential effects of Helenalin, an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpene lactone, on the proteome, metabolome, and the oxidative stress response in several immune cell types by Zwicker P1, Schultze N1, Niehs S2, Albrecht D3, Methling K2, Wurster M2, Wachlin G3, Lalk M2, Lindequist U1, Haertel B4.(PubMed)
(3) Helenalin suppresses essential immune functions of activated CD4+ T cells by multiple mechanisms by Berges C1, Fuchs D, Opelz G, Daniel V, Naujokat C.(PubMed)
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