Green tea-processed bioactive polyphenols may have a therapeutic and profound effect in inhibiting colonic inner lining inflammation that causes colitis, some scientists suggested.
Green tea, a precious drink processes a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.
Colitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the inner lining of the colon as a result of infection, inflammation caused by other bowel diseases.
The disease in most cases is caused by infection of food poisoning, parasites or bacteria, and inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis).
However, colitis, including pseudomembranous colitis can also be caused by long-term intake in antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin,.....and penicillins.
According to years of study, colitis is closely correlated to patients' family history, environmental factors such as industrialization, urban settings, northern geographical latitudes.... and ethnicity.
Some researchers suggested that colitis (ulcerative colitis) is also associated with some psychological factors. Rev. John B. Murray at St. John University, said, "Almost 50 years ago ulcerative colitis was included among the seven classical psychosomatic diseases" and "However, for the past decade, the psychogenic approach to this disorder has been replaced by physiological and immunological explanations and treatments"(4).
The most common symptoms of colitis are diarrhea, often with blood or pus, abdominal pain, cramping,..... rectal pain, and bleeding. In severe cases, the disease can lead to life-threatening complications of a perforated colon, severe dehydration, liver disease,.... and osteoporosis.
Anti-inflammatory conventional medicine used as the first line of treatment of colitis may be effective, however, a prolonged period of intake may cause side effects such as stomach pain and heartburn. headaches, dizziness, ringing in the ears,... and allergy to skin.
In serious cases, the medicine can lead to stomach ulcers, hypertension,..... and liver or kidney problems.
If you are taking such medicine, please make sure you discuss the side effects with your doctor.
In the comparison of the effects of green tea extract epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCG and
Piper nigrum (L.) alkaloid piperine in mice colitis induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate randomly assigned to a daily oral administration of 6.9 mg/kg body weight EGCG or Piper nigrum (L.) piperine (2.9 mg/kg body weight) or the combination of the both with piperine used in the combination to enhance the bioavailability of EGCG and untreated controls, researchers at the Münster University Hospital showed that
* Mice groups treated with the combination demonstrate a significant effect in reduced weight loss and improve overall survival compared to the nontreatment group.
* EGCG or Piper nigrum (L.) piperine or the combination of piperine and EGCG also exert a significant effect in blocking histological damage to the colon and decreasing tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, an indication of decreased oxidative stress.
According to the neutrophils accumulation assay, the application of green tea EGCG and piperine displayed a strong activity in reduced ROS expression in the induction of lipid peroxidation through activation of expression of antioxidant enzymes in host tissue such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GPO).
Further examination also found that the combined ingredients also inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Dr. Brückner M, after taking into account other con-founders suggested, "the concept of anti-inflammatory properties of EGCG being generally beneficial in the DSS-model of colitis".
Interestingly, in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis, application of green tea EGCG (3.2 mg/g) as a source of drinking fluid for 3 days, researchers found that EGCG application exhibits a significant effect in ameliorated of colon shortening and spleen enlargement caused by an injection of DSS and modulated the production of levels inflammatory cytokines of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays an important role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to acute and chronic infections.
Furthermore, green tea oral administration also decreased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, a cell signaling protein in activated systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of reaction and inhibited ROS expression colonic lipid peroxides through antioxidant activity.
Moreover, the bioactive polyphenol EGCG also improved the small intestinal function in reduced leaky gut, associated with the risk of increasing the number of harmful compounds entering the bloodstream.
Further analysis of green tea efficacy in the treatment of colitis, researchers discovered that green tea EGCG also induced weight loss through binding on the surface of the small intestine in decreased protein and lipid digestion.
In an additional evaluation of green tea polyphenols (GrTP, EGCG) and sulfasalazine activity in colitis induced by injection of Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to cause deficiency of IL-10 in BALB/c mice, researchers at the University of Kentucky, showed that the combined administration significantly ameliorates colonic damage and histological scores and decreases expression of the inflammatory markers TNFα (3-fold), IL-6 (14-fold) as mentioned above.
Importantly, treated mice with both green tea polyphenols (GrTP, EGCG) and sulfasalazine also expressed a huge improvement in antioxidant capacity in inhibition of ROS in initiating the chain reaction to facilitate plagues formation and inflammation, observed by the activity of bio maker lectin levels.
The information findings suggested that green tea with abundantly selective bioactive polyphenols may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of colitis.
Intake of green tea supplements should be taken with exceptional care as acute liver toxicity was reported in a number of cases.
However, further data collection on large example size and multi-center studies performed with human consumption of whole food during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of green tea and green tea polyphenols anti-colitis possibilities.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate shows therapeutic antioxidative effects in a murine model of colitis by Brückner M1, Westphal S, Domschke W, Kucharzik T, Lügering A.(PubMed)
(2) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate decreases colonic inflammation and permeability in a mouse model of colitis, but reduces macronutrient digestion and exacerbates weight loss by Bitzer ZT1, Elias RJ1, Vijay-Kumar M2, Lambert JD3,4. (PubMed)
(3) Green Tea Polyphenols and Sulfasalazine have Parallel Anti-Inflammatory Properties in colitis models by Oz HS1, Chen T, de Villiers WJ. (PubMed)
(4) Psychological Factors in Ulcerative Colitis by Rev. John B. Murray
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