Kyle J. Norton
Including green tea, the Camellia sinensis leaves as a beverage in your daily diet, may have a therapeutic and positive effect in protection against influenza, some scientists suggested.
Influenza, also known as "the flu", is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.
Green tea is a precious drink that processed a number of health benefits and is known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.
In investigating the green tea effect in reducing the risk of influenza viral overspreading in the general population, researchers at Yonsei University conducted a study to evaluate catechin derivatives with different alkyl chain lengths and aromatic ring substitutions at the 3-hydroxyl group synthesized from epigallocatechin (EGC) and (+)-catechin (C) activity against influenza virus.
According to the experiment, the application of catechin derivatives, carrying moderate chain length (7-9 carbons) exerted a pronounced effect in inhibiting the over-expression of the virus compared to those with aromatic rings.
Interestingly, injection of the 5'-hydroxyl group did not significantly contribute to antiviral activity against trihydroxy benzyl moiety.
However, administration of both derivatives demonstrated an inhibitory effect for all six influenza subtypes tested including three major types of currently circulating human influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B type), H2N2 and H9N2 avian influenza virus, through strongly inhibited adsorption of the viruses on red blood cell (RBC).
In vivo, the derivatives also expressed impressive activity in restricting the growth of avian influenza virus with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 5-10 microM far exceeding the dose of conventional medicine oseltamivir or M2 proton channel inhibitor amantadine with the same purposes.
Further analysis suggested that the derivatives isolated from catechins' inhibited effect were attributed to the mediation and interaction with hemagglutinin (HA)/viral membrane at the initial stage of infection.
Dr. Song JM, the lead author, after taking account of all assessments said, "The broad spectrum activity against various subtypes of influenza viruses may complement the limitations of current antivirals and contribute to managing potentially emerging influenza pandemic".
Importantly, in the comparison of the theaflavins fraction (TF80%, with a purity of 80%) and three theaflavins (TF) derivatives potently inhibitory effects against influenza virus in vitro, scientists at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College indicated that all applications displayed significant inhibitory effects on the HA of three different subtypes of influenza virus strains [A/PR/8/34(H1N1), A/Sydney/5/97(H3N2) and B/Jiangsu/10/2003] with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values ranging from 9.27 to 36.55 μg/mL, probably though expression and interaction on HA as above differentiation.
Additionally, TF derivatives inhibited the over-expression of viral particle infectivity consistently and correlatively with the inhibitory effect on HA.
According to the qPCR and nuclear localization of the influenza virus vRNP assays, all applications exerted anti-infectivity by interrupting the viral replication and also decreased the production of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the induction of serious tissue injury and apoptosis.
The above evaluation was supported by the Yonsei University study of the polyphenolic compound catechins ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC)) from green tea in inhibited influenza virus replication in cell culture and for potentially direct virucidal effect.
According to the results, among all compounds selected in the assessment, EGCG and ECG were found to be potent inhibitors of influenza virus replication in MDCK( in a suitable transfection host for influenza research) cell culture, including A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B virus, observed in all influenza virus subtypes tested, with 50% effective inhibition concentration (EC50) of EGCG, ECG, and EGC for influenza A virus at doses of 22-28, 22-40 and 309-318 microM, respectively.
The effective compounds EGCG and ECG also displayed an exhibited anti-hemagglutination activity, similar to those in the above studies.
Moreover, compared to the EGCG and ECG anti-influenza virus efficacy, researchers surprisingly found that at high concentrations, EGCG + ECG also suppressed viral RNA synthesis in MDCK cells whereas EGC failed to show a similar effect and EGCG + ECG inhibited the neuraminidase activity more effectively than the ECG.
These results reaffirmed that the expression of green tea bioactive polyphenols antiviral effect of catechins on influenza virus is mediated not only by specific interaction with HA but also alters the physical properties of viral membrane, Dr. Song JM, the lead author of the study suggested.
Taken together, green tea with abundant phytochemical polyphenols may be considered as a functional food for reduced risk, progression, and treatment of influenza infection.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Biological evaluation of the anti-influenza viral activity of semi-synthetic catechin derivatives by Song JM1, Park KD, Lee KH, Byun YH, Park JH, Kim SH, Kim JH, Seong BL. (PubMed)
(2) In vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives by Zu M1, Yang F, Zhou W, Liu A, Du G, Zheng L.(PubMed)
(3) Antiviral effect of catechins in green tea on influenza virus by Song JM1, Lee KH, Seong BL.(PubMed)
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