Kyle J. Norton
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a natural product formed from gluconasturtiin in cruciferous vegetables may be the next generation of detoxified natural food against benzene, acrolein, and crotonaldehyde in cigarette smokers.
Detoxification is the process of removing toxic or harmful substances from our bodies.
According to statistics, thousands of new chemicals are registered for use in foods, medications, household products, and lawn-care products, these types of environment toxins also add to the risk of chronic illness in long-term exposure.
Particularly, these chemical substances induced by developmental toxins and neurotoxins exposed to pre- or post-natal babies have never been studied.
The EWG | Environmental Working Group in the article of " A BENCHMARK INVESTIGATION OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS, POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD" published on July 14, 2005, wrote, “an average of 200 industrial chemicals and pollutants in umbilical cord blood from 10 babies born in August and September of 2004 in U.S. hospitals”(4)
And, "Of the 287 chemicals we detected in umbilical cord blood, we know that 180 cause cancer in humans or animals, 217 are toxic to the brain and nervous system, and 208 cause birth defects or abnormal development in animal tests".
Some researchers suggested that detoxification also include balancing the levels of antioxidants and free radicals.
Overexpression of ROS species caused by toxins accumulation may precipitate the elevation of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity that can lead to healthy cell's DNA alternation
In other words, increased antioxidant enzymes in the production of host antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, and superoxide dismutases (SODs),..... that break down the superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide may decrease oxidative stress by restoring the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the body.
Other common symptoms of toxin accumulation in the body include chronic fatigue, body odor, insomnia, food or chemical sensitivities and headaches.
Cruciferous vegetables are the group of vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok-choy, broccoli etc.
According to the University of Pittsburgh, the phytochemical phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) reduced the level of benzene by 24.6% (P = 0.002), and acrolein by 15.1%, but had no effect on crotonaldehyde, in the study of 82 cigarette smokers.
A randomized phase II clinical trial with a crossover design conducted to evaluate the effect of 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), against toxins in cigarette smokers, suggested that 2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) treated mice show reduced metabolic activation of NNK by 7.7%.
NNK is a tobacco carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone is associated increased risk of lung cancer.
In support of the detoxified effect of cruciferous vegetables against body toxins, isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables showed to promote Nrf2, a protein in regulated the expression of antioxidant proteins in protected cells against oxidative damage, induced production of cytoprotection by detoxification mechanisms, and excretion of both harmful substances and toxic metals.
Furthermore, in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells study of the induction of detoxification enzymes by benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and its synthetic N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) conjugate (NAC-BITC), Dr. Hwang ES said, "BITC and NAC-BITC inhibited Hepa1c1c7 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Cell growth was 4.5~57.2% lower in Hepa1c1c7 cells treated with 0.1~10 μM BITC than in control-treated Hepa1c1c7 cells."
Taking together, there is no doubt that cruciferous vegetables have a strong effect in reducing the accumulation of toxic chemicals in the body, particularly in cigarette smokers.
But a further larger sample size and multiple studies are necessary to confirm its viability.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms, and Detoxification of Volatile Organic Carcinogens and Toxicants in Tobacco Smoke by Yuan JM1, Murphy SE2, Stepanov I3, Wang R4, Carmella SG3, Nelson HH5, Hatsukami D3, Hecht SS3.(PubMed)
(2) Clinical Trial of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate as an Inhibitor of Metabolic Activation of a Tobacco-Specific Lung Carcinogen in Cigarette Smokers by Yuan JM1, Stepanov I2, Murphy SE3, Wang R4, Allen S2, Jensen J2, Strayer L2, Adams-Haduch J4, Upadhyaya P2, Le C2, Kurzer MS5, Nelson HH6, Yu MC7, Hatsukami D2, Hecht SS8(PubMed)
(3) Nrf2, a master regulator of detoxification and also an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other cytoprotective mechanisms, is raised by health-promoting factors by Pall ML1, Levine S2. (PubMed)
(4) The EWG | Environmental Working Group in the article " A BENCHMARK INVESTIGATION OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS, POLLUTANTS AND PESTICIDES IN UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD" published on July 14, 2005,
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