Wednesday 19 May 2021

Omega 3 Modifies the Neonatal Immune Responses in Pregnancy

By Kyle J. Norton

The immune system is the set of cells that comprises the body's defense system against antigens or infectious agents. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections.

It is one of the body's defense system against diseases.

Immune dysfunction is a chronic condition, depending on the parts of the immune system affected.

The neonatal adaptive immune responses of the immune system are depending on the influence of multiple factors, such as the proliferation of T lymphocytes, T-cell help to B-cell immunity and B-cell antibody production

Other factors that also have been found to affect neonatal immunity include maternal nutrition, allergens, infections, maternal antibodies, and plasma factors.

Immunomodulation is an action with a profound and positive effect in regulated immune response and function through activation of antibody formation or the inhibition of white blood cell activity.

There are 2 types of immune dysfunction
* The underactive immune system is also known as the weakened immune system. People with the underactive immune system are susceptible to infection, recurrent infections.

The most common symptoms of the underactive immune system are infection including frequent and recurrent pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, ear infections, meningitis or skin infections and Inflammation and infection of internal organs.

However, blood disorders, such as low platelet counts or anemia and digestive dysfunction are also some of the common symptoms found in patients with the underactive immune system.

* The overactive immune system is also known as autoimmune diseases. In this case, patients suffer diseases associated with the immune system that attacks the body tissues.

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention of diseases, researchers examined the benefits of oily fish in pregnancy modifies neonatal immune responses and early markers of atopy.

The study included a total of 123 women randomly assigned to continue their habitual diet, with either low in oily fish, or 2 portions of salmon per week (providing 3.45 g EPA plus DHA) from 20 wk gestation until delivery.

According to the results of the analysis, cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) associated with the production of pro-inflammatory proteins such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and of IL-2 induced by dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen 1 (Derp1) was lower in the salmon group, compared to another group.

The salmon-treated group promoted the IL-10 associated with the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the response to Toll-like receptors 2, 3, and 4 agonists, ovalbumin, salmon parvalbumin, or Derp1 and prostaglandin E(2) production.

Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide associated with the presence of bacterias in the induction of inflammation on the lymphocyte response to PHA: was lower in the salmon group.

However, total IgE at birth and total IgE, incidence, and severity of atopic dermatitis, and skin-prick-test positivity at 6 mo of age were not different between the 2 groups.

However, researchers explained, "Oily fish intervention in pregnancy modifies neonatal immune responses but may not affect markers of infant atopy assessed at 6 mo of age.".

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in the oily fish may be considered a functional food for the modification of neonatal immune responses in pregnancy, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Increased intake of oily fish in pregnancy: effects on neonatal immune responsesand on clinical outcomes in infants at 6 mo. by Noakes PS1, Vlachava M, Kremmyda LS, Diaper ND, Miles EA, Erlewyn-Lajeunesse M, Williams AP, Godfrey KM, Calder PC. (PubMed)

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