Food therapy - Black beans (Phaseolus) and Lipoprotein

Black bean is a Small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongs to the family Fabaceae and can bought in most grocery stores all around the year in dried and canned forms. It is believed that black bean was first domesticated growth in South America.
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place. If you have too much low density lipoprotein LDL that is known as bad cholesterol, overtime cholesterol can build up in your arterial walls causing blockage and leading to heart attack and stroke.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents a. Nutrients
1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Protein
4. Fat
5. Vitamin A
6. Vitamin B
7. Folate
8. Vitamin C
9. Calcium
10. Magnesium
11. Manganese
12. Phosphorus
13. Molybdenum
14. Iron
10. Etc.
b. Chemicals constituents
The major chemical compounds of black bean include anthocyanin, (-)-epicatechin, delphinidin, petunidin, flavonols  and malvidin.
The benefits
Low density lipoprotein in short LDL, is known as bad cholesterol. Most people with uncontrolled diet that is high in saturated fat have high levels of LDL Many studies have demonstrated that the daily intakes of black soybeed foods may have a potential to reduce cardiovascular risk. in the study of the inhibitory effect of black soybeans on low density lipoprotein (LDL) found that because of its total polyphenols contents in its seed coat, black soybeans may be more effective in inhibiting LDL oxidation than yellow soybeans. Others in the study to  investigate the antioxidant activities of the hydrophilic extracts from 9 selected legumes based on copper-induced human LDL oxidation model in vitro, indicated that consuming black beans may have potential in preventing the development of atherosclerosis from the perspective of inhibiting LDL oxidation.

 Side effect
1. Purines
Black beans contain purines, excessive intake of these substances can cause the accumulation of uric acid, leading to"gout" and kidney stones.
2. Etc

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References
(1) Differential accumulation of polyphenolics in black bean genotypes grown in four environments.
Marles MA, Balasubramanian P, Bett KE. (PubMed)
(2) Comparative studies on the antioxidant activities of nine common food legumes against copper-induced human low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro. by Xu BJ, Yuan SH, Chang SK.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant activities of black and yellow soybeans against low density lipoprotein oxidation.

Takahashi R, Ohmori R, Kiyose C, Momiyama Y, Ohsuzu F, Kondo K.(PubMed)

Herbal Alfalfa and cholesterol

Alfalfa is a flowering plant in the genus Medicago, belonging to the family Fabaceae, It has been cultivated all over the world as hay for cattle feeding. The leaves, sprouts, and seeds to make medicine has been used in traditional medicine over thousands of year to treat high cholesterol, asthma, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, enhance digestive system, bleeding disorder, kidney and urinary tract infection, etc. North America aboriginal has used Alfalfa seed as food, such as making bread and mush.
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place. If you have too much low density lipoprotein LDL that is known as bad cholesterol, overtime cholesterol can build up in your arterial walls causing blockage and leading to heart attack and stroke.

Ingredients
1. Essential amino acids
2. Calcium
3. Magnesium
4. Potassium
5. Iron
6. Phosphorus
7. Zinc
8. Beta carotene
9. vitamin C
10. vitamins D
11.Vitamin E
12. Vitamin K
13. Etc.
It chemical constituents include flavones, isoflavones, sterols, Bichanin A Coumestrol Diadzein Formonetin Genisteincoumarin derivatives, etc.

The benefits
In the study of 15 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia who were given 40 g of heat prepared alfalfa seeds 3 times daily at mealtimes for 8 weeks with otherwise unchanged diet, the herb shows in lowering of pretreatment median values of total plasma cholesterol from 9.58 to 8.00 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreases of 17% and 18%, respectively. Other study also indicated that the constituents of  soysaponin I (I), azukisaponin V (II) found in Alfalfa might process the potential in treating high blood cholesterol. In animal study, hen fed with aqueous alfalfa extract (AAE) shows to lower serum low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum total triglycerides and liver cholesterol concentration (day 42), lipid indices in yolk, serum and liver.

The Side effects
1. High amount of vitamin K may reduce the effectiveness of anticogulation medicine
2. Causing additive effects for women who are under estrogen replacement therapy or taking the oral contraceptive pill.
3. It may cause stomach upset and diarrhea
4. Etc.

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References
(1) Alfalfa seeds lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B concentrations in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. by Mölgaard J, von Schenck H, Olsson AG.(PubMed)
(2) [Study on the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Medicago sativa and their hypolipidemic activity].[Article in Chinese] by Yu CH, Liang DL, Guo JN, Mei QX, Yang DP.(PubMed)
(3) Effects of an aqueous alfalfa extract on production performance, egg quality and lipid metabolism of laying hens by Deng W, Dong XF, Tong JM, Xie TH, Zhang Q.(PubMed)

Herbal Aloe vera and Acne vulgaris

Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits. Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herb studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.
There are many types of skin diseases in this world, the most common one is acne. Most people know acne is caused by dirt in oily skin pores, but little is known that acne is also caused by the system of toxins in the body. If our liver and kidney can not cleanse all toxins in the body, then our skin become the third source for cleansing the remainder of toxins.

The Ingredients 
The ten main areas of chemical constituents of Aloe vera include: amino acids, anthraquinones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, lignins, monosaccharide, polysaccharides, salicylic acid, saponins, and sterols. 

The benefits
Ance vulgaris, one of skin diseases with areas of  scaly red skin with seborrhea, blackheads and whiteheads.  Aloe vera one of many herbs has been studied and researched in pharmaceutical world, because of its common problem to the young ages and commercial profits. The study to compare the efficacy and safety of the combination of tretinoin (TR) cream (0.05%) and Aloe vera topical gel (50%) with TR and vehicle, has been well tolerated and significantly more effective than TR and vehicle for the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris and with less side effects. Other researchers in the observation of  traditional medicines  of many cultures used to treat skin diseases, indicated that certain ingredients, including aloe vera, have been identified  in the treatment of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis,

The Side effects
1. Hepatitis
Some researchers concerned that the over use of oral aloe vera may contribute to acute hepatitis, according to the study of "Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis" by Bottenberg MM, Wall GC, Harvey RL, Habib S., posted in PubMed
2. Diarrhea, caused by the laxative effect of oral use of Aloe Vera
3. oral use of Aloe Vera may cause abdominal cramps and pain
4. It may cause of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms as a result of collagen in the plant
5. Etc.

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References
(1) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(2)   ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(3) Effect of Aloe vera topical gel combined with tretinoin in treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial. by Hajheydari Z, Saeedi M, Morteza-Semnani K, Soltani A.(PubMed)
(4) Innovations in natural ingredients and their use in skin care. by Fowler JF Jr, Woolery-Lloyd H, Waldorf H, Saini R.(PubMed)
(5) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(6) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)

Herbal Aloe Vera and Gastric Ulcers

Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits. Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herb studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.
Gastric ulcers is defined as a condition of a localized tissue erosion in the lining the stomach. as a result of bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) in most cases.

The Ingredients 
The ten main areas of chemical constituents of Aloe vera include: amino acids, anthraquinones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, lignins, monosaccharide, polysaccharides, salicylic acid, saponins, and sterols.
They all work together in a synergistic way to create healing and health giving benefits, according to Gertrude Baldwin in the article of THE BENEFITS OF THE USE OF ALOE VERA IN HERBAL PREPARATIONS.

The benefits
Some people with gastric ulcers may be not experience any symptoms at all, while others may have burning pain, severe nausea, and vomiting. In the comparison of the effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine levels and gastric ulcer healing, treatment of Aloe vera found to reduce leukocyte adherence and TNF-alpha level, elevate IL-10 level and promote gastric ulcer healing. Because of its Anti-inflammatory effects, treatment of  A. vera process the enhancement in leukocyte-endothelium interaction are associated with reduction in TNF-alpha level. Other in the study of acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by 0.6 M HCl and acid outpu, indicated that Aloe vera is endowed with gastric acid anti-secretory activity and could protect the gastric mucosa at low concentrations against injurious agents. Other component of Aloe vera, the Polymer fraction (Avpf; molecular weight cut-off ≥50 kDa; 150 mg/kg body weight, p.o.), reduce 50% of the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), according to the study.


The Side effects
1. Hepatitis
Some researchers concerned that the over use of oral aloe vera may contribute to acute hepatitis, according to the study of "Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis" by Bottenberg MM, Wall GC, Harvey RL, Habib S., posted in PubMed
2. Diarrhea, caused by the laxative effect of oral use of Aloe Vera
3. oral use of Aloe Vera may cause abdominal cramps and pain
4. It may cause of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms as a result of collagen in the plant
5. Etc.

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References
(1) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(2)   ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(3) Effects of Aloe vera and sucralfate on gastric microcirculatory changes, cytokine levels and gastric ulcer healing in rats, by Eamlamnam K, Patumraj S, Visedopas N, Thong-Ngam D.(PubMed)
(4) Anti-inflammatory effects of Aloe vera on leukocyte-endothelium interaction in the gastric microcirculation of Helicobacter pylori-infected rats by Prabjone R, Thong-Ngam D, Wisedopas N, Chatsuwan T, Patumraj S.(PubMed)
(5) The effect of Aloe vera A. Berger (Liliaceae) on gastric acid secretion and acute gastric mucosal injury in rats by Yusuf S, Agunu A, Diana M.(PubMed)
(6) Polymer fraction of Aloe vera exhibits a protective activity on ethanol-induced gastric lesions.

Park CH, Nam DY, Son HU, Lee SR, Lee HJ, Heo JC, Cha TY, Baek JH, Lee SH.(PubMed)

Food therapy - Black beans (Phaseolus) and Diabetes

Black bean is a Small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongs to the family Fabaceae and can bought in most grocery stores all around the year in dried and canned forms. It is believed that black bean was first domesticated growth in South America.
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents a. Nutrients
1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Protein
4. Fat
5. Vitamin A
6. Vitamin B
7. Folate
8. Vitamin C
9. Calcium
10. Magnesium
11. Manganese
12. Phosphorus
13. Molybdenum
14. Iron
10. Etc.
b. Chemicals constituents
The major chemical compounds of black bean include anthocyanin, (-)-epicatechin, delphinidin, petunidin, flavonols  and malvidin.

The benefits
Throughout the world and in many cultures, beans and rice are commonly consumed together as a meal, therefore evaluation the glycemic response of bean and rice traditional meals compared to rice alone in adults with type 2 diabetes have become urgent to improve dietary adherence with cultural groups. According to the study by dr. Thompson SV and research team, pinto, dark red kidney and black beans with rice attenuate the glycemic response compared to rice alone. Promotion of traditional foods may provide non-pharmaceutical management of type 2 diabetes, Other study also found that adding 25 % cooked black bean cultivar Negro 8025 (N8025) flour in a diet supplemented  in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, may be recommended to control diabetes, as it showed a significant reduction of glucose (22.8 %), triglycerides (21.9 %), total cholesterol (29.9 %) and LDL (56.1 %) that correlates with a protection of pancreatic ß-cells.


The Side effect
1. Purines
Black beans contain purines, excessive intake of these substances can cause the accumulation of uric acid, leading to"gout" and kidney stones.
2. Etc.


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References
(1) Differential accumulation of polyphenolics in black bean genotypes grown in four environments.
Marles MA, Balasubramanian P, Bett KE. (PubMed)
(2) Bean and rice meals reduce postprandial glycemic response in adults with type 2 diabetes: a cross-over study. by Thompson SV, Winham DM, Hutchins AM.(PubMed)
(3) Cooked common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) protect against β-cell damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. by Hernández-Saavedra D, Mendoza-Sánchez M, Hernández-Montiel HL, Guzmán-Maldonado HS, Loarca-Piña GF, Salgado LM, Reynoso-Camacho R(PubMed)

Food therapy - Asparagus and Blood cholesterol

Asparagus
Asparagus is a flowering plant belong to species the genus Asparagus, native to the western coasts of northern Spain, north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany, northern Africa and western Asia. Asparagus has been used from early times as a vegetable and medicine, because of its delicate flavor and diuretic properties. 
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place. If you have too much low density lipoprotein LDL that is known as bad cholesterol, overtime cholesterol can build up in your arterial walls causing blockage and leading to heart attack and stroke.

Nutrients and chemical constituents
1. Vitamin K
2. Folate
3. Vitamin C
4. Vitamin A
5. Vitamin B Complex
a) Vitamin B1
b) Vitamin B2
c) Vitamin B3
d) Vitamin B6
6. Fiber
7. Manganese
8. Copper
9. Phosphorus
10. Potassium
11. Protein
12. Etc.
Its chemical constituents include essential oils, asparagine, arginine, tyrosine, flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, and rutin), resin, and tannin.

The Benefits
In the study of hypercholesterolemic rats, the saponin fraction (SF), the administration of lyophilized asparagus (LA), fiber fraction (FF), and flavonoid fraction (FVF) to hypercholesterolemic rats produced a significant hypolipidemic effect compare to a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Other study also indicated that consumption of asparagus also improved antioxidant status, assayed superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, and protected against lipid peroxidation and intake of green asparagus from Andalusia (Spain) helps to regulate plasma lipid levels and prevents oxidative damage in hypercholesterolemic conditions. dietary fiber and flavonoids found in Asparagus also found to improve the plasma lipid profile and prevent hepatic oxidative damage under conditions of hypercholesterolemia.

The Side effects
It may cause allergic effects and temporarily smelly urination.

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Reference
(1) Chemical constituents of Asparagus  J. S. Negi, P. Singh, [...], and V. K. Bisht (PubMed)
(2) Bioactive constituents from "triguero" asparagus improve the plasma lipid profile and liver antioxidant status in hypercholesterolemic rats. by Vázquez-Castilla S, De la Puerta R, Garcia-Gimenez MD, Fernández-Arche MA, Guillén-Bejarano R.(PubMed)
(3) Hypocholesterolemic and hepatoprotective effects of "triguero" asparagus from andalusia in rats fed a high cholesterol diet by García MD, De la Puerta R, Sáenz MT, Marquez-Martín A, Fernández-Arche MA. (PubMed)
(4) Bioactive constituents from "triguero" asparagus improve the plasma lipid profile and liver antioxidant status in hypercholesterolemic rats. by Vázquez-Castilla S, De la Puerta R, Garcia-Gimenez MD, Fernández-Arche MA, Guillén-Bejarano R.(PubMed)

Food therapy - Strawberries and Lipid peroxidation

Strawberries

Strawberries is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.

Beside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans everyday. Approximately 60 million Americans have heart disease.
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place. If you have too much low density lipoprotein LDL that is known as bad cholesterol, overtime cholesterol can build up in your arterial walls causing blockage and leading to heart attack and stroke.

Lipid peroxidation is defined as a condition of oxidative degradation of lipids. 

 

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents

1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 

The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin 

The Benefits
Strawberry chemical constituents are effective antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors. In the testing of tested the hypothesis of freeze-dried strawberry powder (FSP) will lower fasting lipids and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation at four weeks compared to baseline, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels and lipid peroxidation in the form of malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal (-14%, p < 0.01)were significantly lower at 4 weeks versus baseline. Others in the study of fruit extract of three strawberry cultivars also found the similar result as strawberry fruit that has a scavenging effect against the radicals prevents that lipid peroxidation in in vitro environment. In cooked chicken patties, SE also acted as an effective antioxidant and suppressed lipid peroxidation.

The Side effects 

1. Some people may be experience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.

3. Etc.

 
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Reference

(1) The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health. by Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M.(PubMed)

(2) Phenolic Composition of Strawberry Genotypes at Different Maturation Stages(ACS Publication)
(3) Freeze-dried strawberry powder improves lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in women with metabolic syndrome: baseline and post intervention effects. by Basu A, Wilkinson M, Penugonda K, Simmons B, Betts NM, Lyons TJ.(PubMed)

(4) The fruit extract of three strawberry cultivars prevents lipid peroxidation and protects the unsaturated fatty acids in the Fenton reagent environment. by Ozsahin AD, Gokce Z, Yilmaz O, Kirecci OA.(PubMed)
(5) Response surface optimisation of extraction of antioxidants from strawberry fruit, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory potential of the fruit extract in cooked chicken patties.

Saha J, Debnath M, Saha A, Ghosh T, Sarkar PK.(PubMed)

Hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school of obese children.

In the study to examine whether a protein-sparing modified fast diet and a hypocaloric balanced diet are effective in a clinic-based dietary intervention implemented in a school setting high-risk weight loss program for superobese (> or = 140% of their ideal body weight for height [IBW] children of
12 superobese children placed on a 2520 to 3360 J (600 to 800 Cal) protein-sparing modified fast diet.  showed that at 6 months the 12 superobese children on protein-sparing modified fast diet had a significant weight loss from baseline (-5.6 +/- 7.1 kg, ANOVA p < 0.02); a significant decrease in percentage IBW (-24.3 +/- 20%, ANOVA p < 0.002); and had positive growth velocity Z-score (1.3 +/- 1.6, ANOVA p < 0.05). Six children were not superobese at 6 months. At 6 months eight of 12 children were active participants and 11 of 12 children were followed. Decrease in blood pressure, as well as, downward trends in serum lipids were observed at 6 months. No clinical complications were observed. At 6 months, the 7 control superobese children, when compared with baseline had gained weight (2.8 +/- 3.1 kg, ANOVA p < 0.008); but had no significant change in percentage IBW (-0.3 +/- 5.9%, ANOVA p = 0.61); and had no changes in growth velocity Z-score (0.1 +/- 1.3, ANOVA p = 0.83). These children did not have any change in blood pressure and an upward trend in serum lipids were observed at 6 months. Protein-sparing modified fast diet and a hypocaloric balanced diet appear to be effective in a group of superobese-school-age children in a medically supervised clinic-based program implemented in a school setting over a 6-month period. The efforts of committed clinic staffs, school officials, peers, and family involvement were crucial to the success of this intervention program in promoting and maintaining weight loss over a 6-month period(1).

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(1) "Feasibility of a clinic-based hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school setting for obese children" by Figueroa-Colon R, Franklin FA, Lee JY, von Almen TK, Suskind RM.

Right Diet: to combat obesity

Adolescent obesity is a growing public health problem in Kuwait. In the study of fourteen obese adolescent boys volunteered to participate in a 6-month multidimensional television series on weight loss, found that type of television series could be used as a model for future public health programs to prevent and control obesity among adolescents(1).

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(1) "Right Diet: a television series to combat obesity among adolescents in Kuwait" by Al-Haifi AR, Al-Fayez MA, Al-Nashi B, Al-Athari BI, Bawadi H, Musaiger AO.

Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults

In a 1-year, randomized, controlled trial evaluation of the independent and combined effects of weight loss and exercise in 107 adults who were 65 years of age or older and obese, indicated that body weight decreased by 10% in the diet group and by 9% in the diet-exercise group, but did not decrease in the exercise group or the control group (P<0.001). Lean body mass and bone mineral density at the hip decreased less in the diet-exercise group than in the diet group (reductions of 3% and 1%, respectively, in the diet-exercise group vs. reductions of 5% and 3%, respectively, in the diet group; P<0.05 for both comparisons). Strength, balance, and gait improved consistently in the diet-exercise group (P<0.05 for all comparisons). Adverse events included a small number of exercise-associated musculoskeletal injuries(1).

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(1) "Weight loss, exercise, or both and physical function in obese older adults? by Villareal DT, Chode S, Parimi N, Sinacore DR, Hilton T, Armamento-Villareal R, Napoli N, Qualls C, Shah K.

Screening and Interventions for Childhood Overweight

In the study to to examine the evidence for the benefits and harms of screening and earlier treatment of overweight in children and adolescents in clinical settings, researchers found that BMI measurement to detect overweight in older adolescents could identify those at increased risk of developing adult obesity, and its consequent morbidities. Promising interventions to address overweight adolescents in clinical settings are beginning to be reported but are not yet proven to have clinically significant benefits; nor are they widely available. Screening for the purposes of overweight categorization in children under age 12 to 13 who are not clearly overweight may not provide reliable risk categorization for adult obesity. Theoretical harms may occur from overweight labeling or from induced individual and parental concern. Screening approaches are further compromised by the fact that there is little generalizable evidence for interventions that can be conducted in primary care or are widely available for primary care referral. Despite this, the fact that many trials report short- to medium-term modest improvements (approximately 10%–20% decrease in percent overweight or a few units' change in BMI) suggests that overweight improvements in children and adolescents are possible. Experts have identified pragmatic clinical recommendations for lifestyle changes that could be applied to all children and adolescents regardless of risk. While monitoring growth and development in children and adolescents through BMI documentation at visits is prudent, care should be taken not to unnecessarily label children and adolescents as overweight or at risk for overweight until more is known about BMI as a risk factor, and effective interventions are available(1).

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(1) "Screening and Interventions for Childhood Overweight [Internet]". by Whitlock EP, Williams SB, Gold R, Smith P, Shipman S.

Screening and Interventions for Overweight and Obesity in Adults

In the study to examine the evidence of the benefits and harms of screening and earlier treatment in reducing morbidity and mortality from overweight and obesity, showed that Screening with BMI would detect a large percentage of adults who are obese or overweight. Limited evidence suggests that counseling interventions may promote modest weight loss in the overweight (BMI 25–29.9). Effective treatments for people with BMI >30 include intensive counseling and behavioral interventions for lifestyle change, and pharmacotherapy. Surgery is effective in reducing weight for people with BMI of 35 or greater. Adverse effects include increased blood pressure and gastrointestinal distress with drugs and a small percentage of serious side effects with surgery(1).


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(1) "Screening and Interventions for Overweight and Obesity in Adults [Internet]" by McTigue K, Harris R, Hemphill MB, Bunton AJ, Lux LJ, Sutton S, Lohr KN.

Herbal Aloe Vera and Cancers

 Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits. Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herb studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.

The Ingredients 
The ten main areas of chemical constituents of Aloe vera include: amino acids, anthraquinones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, lignins, monosaccharide, polysaccharides, salicylic acid, saponins, and sterols.
They all work together in a synergistic way to create healing and health giving benefits, according to Gertrude Baldwin in the article of THE BENEFITS OF THE USE OF ALOE VERA IN HERBAL PREPARATIONS.

The Benefits  
Aloe-Emodi, a chemical compound found in Aloe vera, specifically suppress breast cancer cell proliferation by targeting ER α protein stability through distinct mechanisms and may be used as a possible application of anthraquinones in preventing or treating breast cancer in the future. Also in other study, Aloe-Emodi is considered as a potential value for the treatment of gastric cancer and cervical cancer because of its mechanisms are by means of cell cycle interruption and induce differentiation and suppressed the expression of PKCalpha and c-myc. Radiotherapy are most often used to treat head and neck cancer patients. Ina study of Aloe Vera, Dr. Ahmadi A. found that oral Aloe vera mouthwash may not only prevent radiation-induced mucositis, but also may reduce oral candidiasis of patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy due to its antifungal and immunomodulatory properties

The Side effects
1. Hepatitis
Some researchers concerned that the over use of oral aloe vera may contribute to acute hepatitis, according to the study of "Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis" by Bottenberg MM, Wall GC, Harvey RL, Habib S., posted in PubMed
2. Diarrhea, caused by the laxative effect of oral use of Aloe Vera
3. oral use of Aloe Vera may cause abdominal cramps and pain
4. It may cause of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms as a result of collagen in the plant, according to the study of "Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study" by Cazzola M, Antivalle M, Sarzi-Puttini P, Dell'Acqua D, Panni B, Caruso I., posted in PubMed
5. Etc.

References
(1) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat Model (PubMed)
(2)   ALOE VERA by Gertrude Baldwin, http://www.herballegacy.com/Baldwin_Chemical.html
(3) Potential prevention: Aloe vera mouthwash may reduce radiation-induced oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. by Ahmadi A.(PubMed)
(4) Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition.

Huang PH, Huang CY, Chen MC, Lee YT, Yue CH, Wang HY, Lin H.(PubMed)

(5) Growth inhibitory effects of gastric cancer cells with an increase in S phase and alkaline phosphatase activity repression by aloe-emodin. by Guo J, Xiao B, Zhang S, Liu D, Liao Y, Sun Q.(PubMed) 

(6) Anticancer effect of aloe-emodin on cervical cancer cells involves G2/M arrest and induction of differentiation. by Guo JM, Xiao BX, Liu Q, Zhang S, Liu DH, Gong ZH.(PubMed)

(5) Oral aloe vera-induced hepatitis(PubMed)
(6) Oral type II collagen in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A six-month double blind placebo-controlled study(PubMed)

Food therapy - Strawberries and Neuroprotective effects

Strawberries

Strawberries is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.

Neuroprotective effects is defined as an event that protects the central nervous system (CNS) by relatively preserving of neuronal structure and/or function.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents

1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 

The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.

The benefits

Many studies has been oncarrying by scientists to explore the effective agent of which has a potential to prevent or slow disease progression and secondary injuries by halting or at least slowing the loss of neurons. In spite of nitochondrial oxidative stress (MOS)  as a major factor in the underlying pathology of many neurodegenerative diseases, chemical constituent anthocyanins suppress MOS-induced apoptosis by preserving mitochondrial GSH and inhibiting cardiolipin oxidation and mitochondrial fragmentation. Also in the the study of Berry fruit supplementation, polyphenolic compounds found in berry fruits, such as blueberries and strawberries, may exert their beneficial effects either through their ability to lower oxidative stress and inflammation or directly by altering the signaling involved in neuronal communication, calcium buffering ability, neuroprotective stress shock proteins, plasticity, aubMed)nd stress signaling pathways. Dr. Richardson JS. indicated that pharmacological agents that protect damaged neurons are not ready yet for widespread clinical use, neuron damaging oxidative stress can be kept in check by insuring adequate dietary sources of antioxidants with little or no scientific evidence, but the consumption of high antioxidant foods, such as blueberries and strawberries, is appealing to most people regardless of any neuroprotective potential.

The Side effects 

1. Some people may be experience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.

3. Etc. 

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Reference

(1) The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health. by Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M.(PubMed)

(2) Phenolic Composition of Strawberry Genotypes at Different Maturation Stages(ACS Publication)

(3) The Promise of Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson’s Disease  by Stacey E. Seidl and Judith A. Potashkin(Frontiers in Neurology)

(4) Neuroprotective effects of anthocyanins on apoptosis induced by mitochondrial oxidative stress. by Kelsey N, Hulick W, Winter A, Ross E, Linseman D.(PubMed)

(5) Neuroprotective agents. by Richardson JS.(PubMed) 

(6) Berry fruit supplementation and the aging brain. by Shukitt-Hale B, Lau FC, Joseph JA.(PubMed)

Food therapy - Strawberries and Atherosclerosis

Strawberries

Strawberries is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.

Beside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans everyday. Approximately 60 million Americans have heart disease.
There are many causes of heart diseases. Most of heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease.

Atherosclerosis is defined as a condition of wall thickens or hardening of the arteries.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents

1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 

The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin 

 

The benefits

Phytochemicals anthocyanin and ellagitannins as the antioxidants have played role played  on fruit absorption, metabolism, and the possible beneficial biological activity on human health, including heart diseases. In subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind controlled trial, freeze-dried strawberry (FDS) improved glycemic control and antioxidant status, and reduced lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response in patients with T2D. Supplementation with freeze-dried berry products, as natural sources of antioxidants with low glycemic index, could be considered as an adjunctive therapy in ameliorating metabolic complications and short-term freeze-dried strawberry supplementation improved selected atherosclerotic risk factors, including dyslipidemia and circulating adhesion molecules in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Other study also indicated of supporting therapeutic roles of strawberries in metabolic syndrome, a prediabetic state characterized by several cardiovascular risk factors as it is found of lowering total and LDL-cholesterol, but not triglycerides, and decreasing surrogate biomarkers of atherosclerosis (malondialdehyde and adhesion molecules).

The Side effects 

1. Some people may be experience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.

3. Etc.

 
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Reference

(1) The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health. by Giampieri F, Tulipani S, Alvarez-Suarez JM, Quiles JL, Mezzetti B, Battino M.(PubMed)

(2) Phenolic Composition of Strawberry Genotypes at Different Maturation Stages(ACS Publication)

(3) Effects of freeze-dried strawberry supplementation on metabolic biomarkers of atherosclerosis in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. by Moazen S, Amani R, Homayouni Rad A, Shahbazian H, Ahmadi K, Taha Jalali M.(PubMed)

(4) Strawberries decrease atherosclerotic markers in subjects with metabolic syndrome.

Basu A, Fu DX, Wilkinson M, Simmons B, Wu M, Betts NM, Du M, Lyons TJ.(PubMed)

(5) Strawberries, Blueberries, and Cranberries in the Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Perspectives.

Basu A, Lyons TJ.(PubMed)

Food therapy - Black beans (Phaseolus) and Prostatic hyperplasia

Black bean is a Small roughly ovoid legumes with glossy black shells, genus Phaseolus, belongs to the family Fabaceae and can bought in most grocery stores all around the year in dried and canned forms. It is believed that black bean was first domesticated growth in South America.
Prostatic hyperplasia is a condition of enlarged prostate. Starting at age 40, the levels of the by-product prolactin of testosterone of men increases, stimulating the production of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase that causes the conversion of testosterone to gihydro-testosterones DHT triggering prostate enlargement and other problems. Therefore in order to prevent the symptoms of enlarged prostate is to naturally impend the conversion of testosterone to DHT. Unfortunately, aging is not the only cause of enlarged prostate. In this article, we will discuss other causes of prostate enlargement.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents a. Nutrients
1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Protein
4. Fat
5. Vitamin A
6. Vitamin B
7. Folate
8. Vitamin C
9. Calcium
10. Magnesium
11. Manganese
12. Phosphorus
13. Molybdenum
14. Iron
10. Etc.
b. Chemicals constituents
The major chemical compounds of black bean include anthocyanin, (-)-epicatechin, delphinidin, petunidin, flavonols  and malvidin.

The benefits
As a result of prosperity in the emerging world, Prostatic hyperplasia has become a medical condition of which requires urgent attention. Anthocyanin, a major chemical compound found in  pigment in black bean may be a potential food used to treatment for enlarged prostate, as anthocyanin  decrease the volume and suppressing the proliferation of the prostate. But further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and actions of anthocyanin, and these studies may lead to the clinical application of anthocyanin in treating BPH. Other study in the investigation the effects of anthocyanin extracted from black soybeans on a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Prostate hyperplasia was induced by the administration of testosterone propionate for 4 weeks of that led to prostatic hyperplasia,  anthocyanin administration helped to prevent this change. Apoptotic body counts were significantly higher in groups receiving anthocyanin than in the BPH-induced group (p < 0.05).


The Side effect
1. Purines
Black beans contain purines, excessive intake of these substances can cause the accumulation of uric acid, leading to"gout" and kidney stones.
2. Etc.

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References
(1) Differential accumulation of polyphenolics in black bean genotypes grown in four environments.
Marles MA, Balasubramanian P, Bett KE. (PubMed)
(2) Conservative treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].[Article in Hungarian] by Romics I.(PubMed)
(3) Anthocyanin extracted from black soybean reduces prostate weight and promotes apoptosis in the prostatic hyperplasia-induced rat model. by Jang H, Ha US, Kim SJ, Yoon BI, Han DS, Yuk SM, Kim SW.(PubMed)

Dieting status and its relationship to eating and physical activity behaviors

In the study to determine whether adolescents engaging in extreme weight loss methods (i.e., vomiting and diet pills) and those using more moderate methods differ from each other in dietary intake (fruits, vegetables, and higher-fat foods) and physical activity, and to compare these variables in dieting and nondieting adolescents, showed that the importance of distinguishing between different types of dieting behaviors in clinical settings and research studies. Adolescents engaging in extreme weight control behaviors may be at particular risk for inadequate nutritional intake. In contrast, adolescents using more moderate methods may be consuming a more healthful diet than are nondieters. For all adolescents, nutrition guidance on healthful and safe weight control strategies is needed(1).



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(1) "Dieting status and its relationship to eating and physical activity behaviors in a representative sample of US adolescents" by Story M, Neumark-Sztainer D, Sherwood N, Stang J, Murray D.

Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders

In the study to determine if adolescents who report dieting and different weight-control behaviors are at increased or decreased risk for gains in body mass index, overweight status, binge eating, extreme weight-control behaviors, and eating disorders 5 years later. indicated that Dieting and unhealthful weight-control behaviors predict outcomes related to obesity and eating disorders 5 years later. A shift away from dieting and drastic weight-control measures toward the long-term implementation of healthful eating and physical activity behaviors is needed to prevent obesity and eating disorders in adolescents(1).

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(1) "Obesity, disordered eating, and eating disorders in a longitudinal study of adolescents: how do dieters fare 5 years later?" by  Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Guo J, Story M, Haines J, Eisenberg M.

Family meals and disordered eating

In the study to examine 5-year longitudinal associations between family meal frequency and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents, researchers showed that the high prevalence of disordered eating behaviors among adolescent girls and the protective role of family meals suggest a need for interventions aimed at promoting family meals. Further exploration of predictors of disordered eating behaviors in adolescent boys and the role of family meals is warranted(1).

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(1) "Family meals and disordered eating in adolescents: longitudinal findings from project EAT" by Neumark-Sztainer D, Eisenberg ME, Fulkerson JA, Story M, Larson NI.

Shared risk and protective factors for overweight and disordered eating

In the review of data collected at Time 1 (1998-1999) and Time 2 (2003-2004) on 2516 adolescents participating in Project EAT (Eating Among Teens). Data were analyzed in 2006-2007, showed that Weight-specific socioenvironmental, personal, and behavioral variables are strong and consistent predictors of overweight status, binge eating, and extreme weight-control behaviors later in adolescence. These findings support the need for research to determine if decreasing weight-related social pressures, personal weight concerns, and unhealthy weight-control behaviors can contribute to reductions in obesity in children and adolescents(1).

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(1) "Shared risk and protective factors for overweight and disordered eating in adolescents" by Neumark-Sztainer DR, Wall MM, Haines JI, Story MT, Sherwood NE, van den Berg PA.

Family support and weight-loss

 In the study to to describe the weight-control strategies and family support for young people reporting sustained weight loss in a large, population-based sample, found that Approximately 50 % of young people attempting weight loss reported sustained weight loss. Young people who reported sustained weight loss appeared to have more family support than those who did not achieve this, suggesting the importance for weight-control services and interventions in adolescents of actively engaging the family(1)


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(1) "Family support and weight-loss strategies among adolescents reporting sustained weight loss" by

Utter J, Denny S, Dixon R, Ameratunga S, Teevale T.