Phytochemical Oleanolic Acid May Process Anti Cancer Property

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is the class of diseases associated with the growth of the cells disorderly and uncontrollably due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

However, at the advanced stage, most cancers not can induce common symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomforts, unintended weight loss, loss of appetite, and fatigue but also localized symptoms depending on the affected tissues and organs.

Cancers at this stage also can travel a distance away from the original site to induce secondary metastasis.

According to the statistics provided by the American cancer society, in 2018,1,735,350 new cases were diagnosed, representing more than 4,700 new cancer diagnoses each day.

The lifetime probability of being diagnosed with cancer is 39.7% for men and 37.6% for women.

Cancers are the second leading cause of death worldwide besides heart diseases.

Compared to all cancers, lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers are the most common cancer in the US.

Angiogenesis is the process that develops new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels by invasive tumors to provide energy(nutrition and fluids) for cancerous cell growth and proliferation.


Oleanolic acid is a phytochemical in the subclass of Triterpenoid, belonging to the group of Terpenes found abundantly in honey mesquite, garlic, java apple, clove, etc.

On finding a potential plant for the treatment of chronic diseases, researchers examined the anti-cancer effect of Oleanolic acid (OA), a common pentacyclic triterpenoid.

According to the results of the analysis,
* Oleanolic acid exerted its effects as an inhibitor of the cellular inflammatory process, and the inducer of phase 2 xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes associated with cancer initiation.

* OA demonstrated its main anticancer effects mediated by caspases, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in cellular energy homeostasis, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in the regulation of cancer cell meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions, matrix metalloproteinases in organogenesis, growth and normal tissue turnover, pro-apoptotic Bax.

* OA also promoted the overexpression of reactive oxygen species/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-κB, in the induction of cancer cytotoxicity.

Collectively, researchers said, " In this work, we critically review the scientific literature on the molecular targets of oleanolic acid implicated in the prevention and treatment of several types of cancer".

Taken altogether, potato may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals' Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Oleanolic Acid Alters Multiple Cell Signaling Pathways: Implication in Cancer Prevention and Therapy by Žiberna L1, Šamec D2, Mocan A3,4, Nabavi SF5, Bishayee A6, Farooqi AA7, Sureda A8, Nabavi SM. (PubMed)

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Relax the Vascular Smooth Muscles Against Vascular Diseases

By Kyle J. Norton

Vascular smooth muscle is the type of smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels.

Vascular smooth muscle plays a critical role in the distribution of blood to the cells of the organs and tissues by contracting or relaxing to change both the volume of blood vessels and the local blood pressure.

Compared to cardiac muscle, vascular smooth muscle undergoes slow, sustained, tonic contractions and relaxation.

Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells is an important cause of vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and circulatory shock.

Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome is a rare, genetic, vascular disease, including cerebrovascular disease, aortic anomalies, intestinal hypoperistalsis, hypotonic bladder, and pulmonary hypertension.

Vascular smooth muscle tone refers to the ratio of constriction experienced by a blood vessel relative to its maximally dilated state.

Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.

The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).


On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases, researchers compare the effects of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids on vascular smooth muscle functioning.

According to the results of the experiment, the main components Docosahexaenoic acid (1-255 microM) and eicosapentaenoic acid (31-255 microM) inhibited phenylephrine-induced contractions, (8-63%) and (20-65%), respectively.

The efficacy of vascular smooth muscle relaxation was also not altered by the presence of indomethacin, NDGA, or by removal of the endothelium

Additionally, Linoleic acid (18:2n6) and arachidonic acid (20:4n6) found in omega 3, and 6 also induced significant relaxation.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " fatty acid-induced relaxation of the rat aorta is specific to polyunsaturated fatty acids, 20:5n3, 22:6n3, 18:2n6 and 20:4n6".

Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases by enhancing the vascular smooth muscle function, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose and acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professional's Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Effects of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids on vascular smooth muscletone by Engler MB. (PubMed)

blood vessel
(1) Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood vessel function by Abeywardena MY1, Head RJ. (PubMed)

Beta-Sitosterol in the Prevention of Lung Inflammation

By Kyle J. Norton

The lung is one of the vital organs in humans located near the backbone on either side of the heart with functions of inhaling oxygen from the air then transporting them to the bloodstream and exhaling carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.

Lung diseases are medical conditions, affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing.

People with lung diseases have breathing problems, preventing them to get enough oxygen for the body's needs.

Inflammation is the natural response of the immune system macrophages, the first line of defense in stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect our body against the infection caused by foreign microorganisms during the acute phase of body damage and injury.

Truly, the main focus of inflammation is to repair damage and injury.

Most cases of infection associated with inflammation are stopped at the acute phase. The wound or injury is slowly recovered.

However, overexpression of inflammatory cytokines in most cases can cause improper healing with scar formation or the death of nearby cells.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 3 months is considered chronic inflammation.

Chronic inflammation is the result of the immune system's inability to kill off all the microorganisms that participated in the acute phase of infection, leading to the forming of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA and diabetes.

Inflammation also can be caused by overexpression of free radicals compared to the antioxidant enzymes in the body. This result can lead to an imbalance in the ratio of the levels of free radicals and antioxidants, the major cause of oxidative stress.

 Lung inflammation is a condition of acute or low-grade lung infection.

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, and buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention of lung diseases, researchers compared β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol isolated from the extracts from Nigella arvensis L. seeds, on lung inflammation.

According to the tested analysis, β-sitosterol (BSS) was the only compound that significantly induce the inhibition of the P. aeruginosa-dependent expression of IL-8 associated with inflammatory activity at nanomolar concentrations.

In CF airway epithelial CuFi-1 cells infected with P. aeruginosa. BSS (100 nM), BSS demonstrated a significant and consistent inhibitory activity on the expression of the P. aeruginosa-stimulated expression chemokines IL-8, GRO-α GRO-β, which play a pivotal role in the recruitment of neutrophils in CF inflamed lungs.

Furthermore, BSS partially inhibits the P. aeruginosa-dependent activation of Protein Kinase C isoform alpha, which is known to be involved in the transmembrane signaling activating IL-8 gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "These data indicate BSS as a promising molecule to control excessive lung inflammation in CF patients".

Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of lung inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose and acute liver toxicity.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professional's Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) β-Sitosterol Reduces the Expression of Chemotactic Cytokine Genes in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Lampronti I1, Dechecchi MC2, Rimessi A3, Bezzerri V2, Nicolis E2, Guerrini A1, Tacchini M1, Tamanini A2, Munari S2, D'Aversa E1, Santangelo A2, Lippi G2, Sacchetti G1, Pinton P3, Gambari R1, Agostini M4, Cabrini G. (PubMed)

Coffee and Coffee Caffeine Intake and the Risk of Endometriosis

By Kyle J. Norton


Coffee is a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, made from roasted beans from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Epidemiological studies do not agree that coffee regular intake is associated with the risk of endometriosis, according to the IRCSS Fondazione Ca' Granda.

In a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies published up to January 2013 to analyze the relative risks (RR) of endometriosis for any, high and low versus no coffee/caffeine consumption, researchers filed the following reports

1. A total of six case-control and two cohort studies, including a total of 1,407 women with endometriosis were found in this review
2. The relative ratio was 1.26 and 1.13 for coffee and caffeine consumed participants respectively, in compared to the non-consumption group
3. The overall relative ratio was 1.18 in the coffee consumption group after taking into account the number of cups of coffee intake and other risk factors
4. Risk of endometriosis increased reduced to 1.09 compared to high and low caffeine consumption as compared to no consumption, respectively.
Dr. Chiaffarino F, based on the information of this review said, "The present meta-analysis provided no evidence for an association between coffee/caffeine consumption and the risk of endometriosis. Coffee/caffeine consumption, as currently used in the diet, does not carry a health risk".

Others, the examine data from two case-control studies conducted in Northern Italy between 1984 and 1999 with 504 women aged < 65 years (median age 33 years, range 20-65) with a laparoscopically confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis, admitted to a network of obstetrics and gynecology departments in Milan, Brescia and Pavia and 504 healthy women acted as a control, researchers at the Università di Milano after adjusting to other risk factors suggested that there may be a link between diet and risk of endometriosis but coffee intake do not form the significant risk of endometriosis incidence.

In contrast to the above studies, the cross-sectional study included 28,822 women, 1,228 women with endometriosis, and the self-reported diagnosis was confirmed by medical records conducted by the joint institutes led by the Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, coffee intake was associated to risk of development of endometriosis.



The study also indicated that even coffee showed a positive association with the risk of endometriosis, but future studies are needed to explore the significance of other factors such as age at menarche, level of education, body mass index (BMI), parity, oral contraceptive (OC) use, infertility, smoking, and alcohol intake in the diagnosis of endometriosis and understanding of its etiology.

Taking all together, although there is conflicting information related to coffee intake and the risk of endometriosis, women with a family history of endometriosis are recommended to reduce their intake of coffee and coffee caffeine and consult with their doctors before applying a high amount of coffee daily.


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months



Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Coffee and caffeine intake and risk of endometriosis: a meta-analysis by Chiaffarino F1, Bravi F, Cipriani S, Parazzini F, Ricci E, Viganò P, La Vecchia C.(PubMed)
(2) Selected food intake and risk of endometriosis by Parazzini F1, Chiaffarino F, Surace M, Chatenoud L, Cipriani S, Chiantera V, Benzi G, Fedele L.(PubMed)
(3) Reproductive and Lifestyle Factors Associated with Endometriosis in a Large Cross-Sectional Population Sample by Saha R1, Kuja-Halkola R2, Tornvall P1, Marions L1.(PubMed)

Yoga Intervention Maybe Used to Enhance Smoking Cessation, Researchers Say

Kyle J. Norton  


The good news for people who want to quit smoking, epidemiological studies suggested strongly that yoga intervention may have a profound impact on smoking cessation.

Yoga, the ancient practice for harmonized external and internal body well beings, through breath control, meditation, bodily movement, and gesture..... has been best known to people in the Western world and some parts of Asia due to health benefits reported by various respectable institutes' research and supported by health advocates.

According to the joint study led by the Alpert Medical School of Brown University to examine the smoking-relevant characteristics of individuals enrolling in an 8-week randomized controlled trial, for testing yoga as a complementary treatment to standard smoking cessation, the sample of 55% females, 86% non-Hispanic white, with a mean age of 46 years,
1. Males smoked more cigarettes/ day than females and had a lower motivation to quit smoking
2. Females were more likely to smoke for weight control, social and mood-related reasons, and had higher expectations for the efficacy of yoga
3. Age was negatively associated with the presence of other smokers in the household and smoking in response to negative moods
4. And Age was associated with more willingness to quitting

After taking into account other co-founders, researchers said, "both males and females were interested in a program offering yoga as a complementary therapy for smoking cessation".

The results indicated that yoga may be considered an integrated form of exercise to assist smoking cessation.

Further discussion of smoking cessation, in a study to examine the rates of cessation among women randomized to either a novel, 8-week Yoga plus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) smoking cessation intervention versus a Wellness program plus the same CBT smoking cessation intervention, scientists showed that after 8 weeks period
1. Innovative treatments are needed to address barriers as mentioned in the above study for successful smoking cessation among men and women.
2. Yoga may be an effective complementary treatment for smoking cessation
3. Yoga can offer an alternative to traditional exercise for reducing negative symptoms that often accompany smoking cessation and predicting relapse to smoking among recent quitters.


The results of the finding suggested that Yoga plus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) are the better choices to improve smoking cessation outcomes, in comparison to yoga alone or standard treatments.


In an additional analysis of the effect of yoga intervention on smoking cessation, researchers at the University of Cincinnati, conducted a review of the literature published in the database from MEDLINE (PubMed), EBSCOHOST, PROQUEST, MEDINDIA, CINAHL, Alt HealthWatch, and AMED between 2004 and 2013, suggested that 10 studies satisfied the criteria and guidelines selected have produced the following results
1. Yoga participation expressed a significant effect in improved quitting smoking rates in a majority of studies
2. Yoga-based interventions hold a promise for smoking cessation

Unfortunately, all these studies also expressed some the limitations including short follow-up measurements and short duration of intervention, Dr. Dai CL, the lead author concerned


The findings suggested that yoga adapted to smokers' age, gender,...... and used in conjunction with standard treatment may have a profound effect on enhanced smoking cessation in the short term.


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Who Enrolls in a Quit Smoking Program with Yoga Therapy? by Bock BC1, Thind H2, Dunsiger S3, Fava JL4, Jennings E5, Becker BM6, Marcus BH7, Rosen RK3, Sillice MA8.(PubMed)
(2) Yoga as a complementary treatment for smoking cessation: rationale, study design and participant characteristics of the Quitting-in-Balance study by Bock BC1, Morrow KM, Becker BM, Williams DM, Tremont G, Gaskins RB, Jennings E, Fava J, Marcus BH (PubMed)
(3) Between inhale and exhale: yoga as an intervention in smoking cessation by Dai CL1, Sharma M.(PubMed)

Herbal Angelica Promotes Hematopoietic Function

By Kyle J. Norton

The hematopoietic system is a complex network including organs and tissues such as the bone marrow, liver, and spleen.

Hematopoiesis is the process by which blood cells are formed, including the formation of all of the cellular components of blood and blood plasma.

1. Red blood cells with a function to transport oxygen and hemoglobin to the body.

2. White blood cells that form parts of the immune system, including
* T cells and B cells, that fight viruses, and tumors.

* Neutrophils that fight bacteria and fungi.

* Eosinophils that fight some parasites and initiate an inflammatory response.

* Basophils that release the histamines necessary for the inflammatory response.

* Macrophages, are the first line of the immune response in the acute phase of infection.

3. Platelets (thrombocytes) for coagulation.

Dr. Risitano AM, the lead scientist in the study of  " Function and malfunction of hematopoietic stem cells in primary bone marrow failure syndromes", said," Constitutional marrow failure syndromes are conditions caused by intrinsic defects of HSCs; they are due to inherited germline mutations accounting for specific phenotypes, and often involve also organs and systems other than hematopoiesis".

And " By contrast, in acquired marrow failure syndromes hematopoietic stem cells are thought to be intrinsically normal, but subjected to extrinsic damage affecting their hematopoietic function".

Diseases of the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus may affect the process of hematopoiesis, leading to various diseases of the hematopoietic system.

Angelica or Dang Qui is a herb of Genus Angelica from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China. The herb has been used as a Queen herb in traditional Chinese medicine antispasmodic and vasodilatory agent, and to balance the hormones in women for a normal menstrual cycle and menstruation, and strengthen the heart, spleen, kidneys, and liver for both men and women, etc. In other words, it is used to treat gynecological ailments, fatigue, mild anemia, and high blood pressure. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc.

On finding a potential compound that promotes hematopoietic functioning, researchers examined the neuroprotective effects of investigating the influence of AS on the metabolism of blood deficiency mice model.

Selected mice in the study were induced blood deficiency by being hypodermically injected with N-acetyl phenylhydrazine (APH) and intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (CTX) then treated with Angelica Sinensis (AS).

According to the tested assays, the administration of AS normalized the levels of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelet (PLT) compared to the untreated control group.

The dose of 10g/kg demonstrated the best effect compared to other doses.

Furthermore, the metabolic pathways biomarkers associated with an important role in regulating the hematopoietic function, such as arachidonic acid metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline were also affected by the injection of AS.

In other words, AS promotes the production of all of the cellular components of blood and blood plasma in blood deficiency mice.

Taken altogether, herbal Angelica may be considered a neuroprotective remedy for the improvement of hematopoietic function, pending to larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters 
Contrary To Professional's Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally 

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You. How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Metabolomics study of hematopoietic function of Angelica Sinensis on blood deficiency mice model by Li PL1, Sun HG1, Hua YL1, Ji P1, Zhang L1, Li JX1, Wei Y. (PubMed)
(2) Function and malfunction of hematopoietic stem cells in primary bone marrow failure syndromes by Risitano AM1, Maciejewski JP, Selleri C, Rotoli B. (PubMed)

Antioxidant Sinigrin Isolated From Brussel Sprouts, Broccoli,... May Be The Potential Anti Atherosclerosis Chemical Compound, According to Studies

By Kyle J. Norton

Sinigrin may be used as a bioactive ingredient for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, according to studies.

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition caused by plaques accumulated on the wall of the arteries, leading to narrowing the arteries in transporting oxygenated blood to the heart and other parts of the body.

Depending on the blood obstruction, atherosclerosis can induce different types of heart disease and stroke.

Plaque is made of cholesterols, calcium, and other toxic substances, including cadmium.

According to the statistics provided by Atherosclerosis Open Acess, 32% of deaths account for atherosclerosis. 13.8% prevalence is among adults of 20 years and above. In 2010, the coronary heart disease mortality rate was about 60%.



Risk factors of atherosclerosis include high blood pressure and cholesterol, diabetes, being overweight or obese, unhealthy diet, family history of heart disease and physical inactivity, particularly smoking.


Some researchers suggested that since cholesterol makes up a big part of the plaque, an unhealthy diet with a high saturated trans fat, red meat, and processed meat may be the major cause of atherosclerosis.


In other words, the Western diet is one of the major culprits that cause the majority of cases of atherosclerosis.


Dr. Meifang Wang, the lead researcher in the study of "Western Diet Increases Inflammatory Responses and Atherosclerosis Progression via IGF-1 Receptor in ApoE-Deficient Mice" said, "....lowered circulating IGF-1 increases atherosclerosis progression in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE−/−) while increased circulating IGF-1 downregulates vascular pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, reduces systemic and vascular oxidant stress, vascular cytokine expression, and decreases atherosclerosis progression".

And, "the pro-inflammatory phenotype that is enhanced by WD in ApoE−/− mice is further enhanced by specific IGF1R deficiency in monocytes/macrophages, and may consequently increase atherosclerosis progression".


The results suggested that the Western diet-induced atherosclerosis progression through the increase of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decrease of the function of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as a mediator of anabolic responses in many cells and tissues.


Sinigrin is a phytochemical glucosinolate, belonging to the family of glucosides found abundantly in Brussels sprouts, broccoli, the seeds of black mustard, etc.

Scientists on finding a natural bioactive compound for the treatment of atherosclerosis examined the effect of sinigrin against plaque accumulation on the arterial walls.

On atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice, injection sinigrin exerted a significant effect in the inhibition of the serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), calcium (Ca2+), and pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with plaque accumulated on the wall of the arteries.


Furthermore, oral administration of sinigrin attenuated the mRNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which form a part of immunoglobulin superfamily in inflammatory and immune responses.

Moreover, injection also reduced the expression of genes C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and CCL5 on aorta tissues associated with the risk of atherosclerosis.

The expression of low-density lipoprotein was also reduced by the injection of sinigrin observed by some keys regulators of cholesterol such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2).


Interestingly, increasing the concentration of sinigrin at the dose up to 100 μg/ml also significantly suppressed the levels of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation.


Additionally, at a contraction ut to 100 μg/ml, sinigrin inhibited the c-Jun-NH (2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway which plays a critical role in regulating cellular differentiation.

The findings strongly suggested that sinigrin inhibited the onset of atherosclerosis by lowering the low-density lipoproteins and mechanisms associated with inflammatory induction of plaque accumulation on the arterial wall.

Dr. Jang YJ, the lead scientist wrote, "sinigrin decreases the TNF-α-stimulated VCAM-1 expression through the suppression of NF-κB and MAP kinases signaling pathways, Overall, sinigrin has the potential to be used in reducing the risks of atherosclerosis".

Taken altogether, sinigrin may be considered a supplement for the prevention and combined with the primary therapy for the treatment of atherosclerosis, pending the confirmation of a larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professional's Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Sinigrin attenuates the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice fed a high-cholesterol diet potentially by inhibiting VCAM-1 expression by Jang YJ1, Park B1, Lee HW1, Park HJ1, Koo HJ2, Kim BO3, Sohn EH4, Um SH5, Pyo S. (PubMed)
(2) Western Diet Increases Inflammatory Responses and Atherosclerosis Progression via IGF-1 Receptor in ApoE-Deficient Mice by Meifang Wang, Yusuke Higashi, Derek Wang, Ronald Korthuis, and Patrice Delafontaine. (FASEB Journal)