Tuesday 10 May 2022

Beta-Sitosterol in the Prevention of Lung Inflammation

By Kyle J. Norton

The lung is one of the vital organs in humans located near the backbone on either side of the heart with functions of inhaling oxygen from the air then transporting them to the bloodstream and exhaling carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.

Lung diseases are medical conditions, affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing.

People with lung diseases have breathing problems, preventing them to get enough oxygen for the body's needs.

Inflammation is the natural response of the immune system macrophages, the first line of defense in stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect our body against the infection caused by foreign microorganisms during the acute phase of body damage and injury.

Truly, the main focus of inflammation is to repair damage and injury.

Most cases of infection associated with inflammation are stopped at the acute phase. The wound or injury is slowly recovered.

However, overexpression of inflammatory cytokines in most cases can cause improper healing with scar formation or the death of nearby cells.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 3 months is considered chronic inflammation.

Chronic inflammation is the result of the immune system's inability to kill off all the microorganisms that participated in the acute phase of infection, leading to the forming of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA and diabetes.

Inflammation also can be caused by overexpression of free radicals compared to the antioxidant enzymes in the body. This result can lead to an imbalance in the ratio of the levels of free radicals and antioxidants, the major cause of oxidative stress.

 Lung inflammation is a condition of acute or low-grade lung infection.

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, and buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention of lung diseases, researchers compared β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol isolated from the extracts from Nigella arvensis L. seeds, on lung inflammation.

According to the tested analysis, β-sitosterol (BSS) was the only compound that significantly induce the inhibition of the P. aeruginosa-dependent expression of IL-8 associated with inflammatory activity at nanomolar concentrations.

In CF airway epithelial CuFi-1 cells infected with P. aeruginosa. BSS (100 nM), BSS demonstrated a significant and consistent inhibitory activity on the expression of the P. aeruginosa-stimulated expression chemokines IL-8, GRO-α GRO-β, which play a pivotal role in the recruitment of neutrophils in CF inflamed lungs.

Furthermore, BSS partially inhibits the P. aeruginosa-dependent activation of Protein Kinase C isoform alpha, which is known to be involved in the transmembrane signaling activating IL-8 gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "These data indicate BSS as a promising molecule to control excessive lung inflammation in CF patients".

Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of lung inflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose and acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) β-Sitosterol Reduces the Expression of Chemotactic Cytokine Genes in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Lampronti I1, Dechecchi MC2, Rimessi A3, Bezzerri V2, Nicolis E2, Guerrini A1, Tacchini M1, Tamanini A2, Munari S2, D'Aversa E1, Santangelo A2, Lippi G2, Sacchetti G1, Pinton P3, Gambari R1, Agostini M4, Cabrini G. (PubMed)

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