Food Therapy - Strawberries and Colon cancer

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
Colon Cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents

1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 

The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.

The benefits
Ellagitannins (ETs), a class of hydrolyzable tannins found in strawberry, may have beneficial effects against colon cancer as the component releases ellagic acid (EA) and are converted by gut microbiota to urolithin A (UA; 3,8-dihydroxy-6H-dibenzopyran-6-one) type metabolites, which may persist in the colon through enterohepatic circulation. Other study also found that Polyphenol-rich strawberry extracts to potential antiproliferative effectiveness using human cervical cancer (HeLa) and Colon cancer (CaCo-2) cells. In study of multiple phenolic compounds, researchers showed the Crude extracts (250 microg/mL) and pure compounds (100 microg/mL) inhibited the growth of human oral (CAL-27, KB), colon (HT29, HCT-116), and prostate (LNCaP, DU145) cancer cells with different sensitivities observed between cell lines.

The Side effects
1. Some people may beexperience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.

3. Etc.  

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References
(1) Effects of fruit ellagitannin extracts, ellagic acid, and their colonic metabolite, urolithin A, on Wnt signaling by Sharma M, Li L, Celver J, Killian C, Kovoor A, Seeram NP.(PubMed)
(2) Berry extracts exert different antiproliferative effects against cervical and colon cancer cells grown in vitro by McDougall GJ, Ross HA, Ikeji M, Stewart D.(PubMed)
(3) Isolation and identification of strawberry phenolics with antioxidant and human cancer cell antiproliferative properties by Zhang Y, Seeram NP, Lee R, Feng L, Heber D.(PubMed)

Herbal Cascara Sagrada and pancreatic cancer

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc., effect.

Cancer of pancreas or pancreatic cancer is defined as condition of a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, as the cells have become cancerous and divided uncontrollably. Most pancreatic cancers start in the ducts (exocrine component of the pancreas) that carry pancreatic juices with cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue accounts for over 75 - 90% of all cases of exocrine cancers.

The ingredients
Beside the main compound of anthraquinones, otyher compounds include anthraquinone glycosides, (emodin, frangulin, iso-emodin, aloe-emodin, and chrysophanol), rhein, aloin, malic acid, tannic acid, cascarosides A, B, C, and D, and hydroxy anthracene derivatives (HAD), etc.

The benefits
Emodin, the major components of Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana), has been found to be effective on inducing the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells and inhibiting tumor growth through in cellular responses to stimuli (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) and the results suggested that it may contain potential anti-tumor effect on pancreatic cancer as its promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis and be considered as potential agent for prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Others in the study of  emodin in the inhibition of XIAP and NF-κB, showed emodin enhances the antitumor effect of gemcitabine in SW1990 pancreatic cancer may be via the downregulation of NF-κB expression, thus inhibiting the expression of XIAP.

The Side effects
1. Cascara Sagrada can be liver toxic.
2. It may cause Postal hypertension
Cascara sagrada (CS) has been associated with the development of cholestatic hepatitis, complicated by portal hypertension.
3. Fresh cut, dried bark may cause vomiting and diarrhea.
4. It may allergic effect.
5. Etc.

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References
1. Antitumor activity of emodin against pancreatic cancer depends on its dual role: promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis by Lin SZ, Wei WT, Chen H, Chen KJ, Tong HF, Wang ZH, Ni ZL, Liu HB, Guo HC, Liu DL.(PubMed)
2. Enhanced antitumor efficacy by the combination of emodin and gemcitabine against human pancreatic cancer cells via downregulation of the expression of XIAP in vitro and in vivo by Wang ZH, Chen H, Guo HC, Tong HF, Liu JX, Wei WT, Tan W, Ni ZL, Liu HB, Lin SZ.(PubMed)
3. [Toxic hepatitis following consumption of the herbal medicinal product Cascara Sagrada].[Article in Danish]" by Jacobsen C, Semb S, Kromann-Andersen H(PubMed)
4. "Cascara sagrada-induced intrahepatic cholestasis causing portal hypertension: case report and review of herbal hepatotoxicity" by Nadir A, Reddy D, Van Thiel DH.(PubMed)
5. "Occupational respiratory allergic disease induced by Passiflora alata and Rhamnus purshiana" by Giavina-Bianchi PF Jr, Castro FF, Machado ML, Duarte AJ.(PubMed)

Herbal Butcher's broom and hemorrhoids

Butcher's broom is a low evergreen shrub, a species of Ruscus aculeatus, belonging to the family Asparagaceae, native to Eurasia.It has been used in herbal medicine to treat reduce inflammation, Peripheral vascular disease, Hemorrhoids Bronchial asthma, Varicose veins, Hypotension, Jaundice, functional disorders of the heart, kidney disorder, venotonic and anti-oedematous properties, etc..
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anal canal of which cause cause pain and in some cases, life threatening if patients loss a large volume of blood. Approximately, 75% of all Americans will develop hemorrhoids at some points in their lives.

The Ingredients
It contains rutin, sitosterol, sparteine, spirostanol saponins, steroidal sapogenins, sterols, stigmasterol, sulfated steroidal saponins, sweet broom, tetracosanoic acid, triterpenes, triterpines, tyramine, etc.

The benefits
Oral supplementation of Ruscus aculeatus is found to be effective in preventing time-consuming, painful, and expensive complications of  hemorrhoids, such as anal discomfort, soiling and bleeding pre- sent in acute phase. Other hemorrhoids an open trial, also found the positive effect of Butcher’s broom, with 75 percent of participating physicians rating butcher’s broom’s efficacy as good or excellent

The Side effects
1. Do not use if you are pregnant with out permission of related field specialist, as Sparteine may increase uterine contraction
2. Do not use Butcher's broom if you are taking any form of monoamine oxidaseinhibitor
3. Use as direction and do not overdose
4. Etc.



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References
(1) Hemorrhoids and varicose veins: a review of treatment options by MacKay D.(PubMed)
(2) ANTIOXIDANT HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS FOR HEMORRHOIDS Developing a new formula, by Silvia Vertuani, Elena Bosco, Micaela Testoni, Simona Ascanelli, Gianfranco Azzena, Stefano Manfredini(2004, 3(3) 19-26)
(3) Page 608 Alternative Medicine Review Volume 6, Number 6 2001 Copyright©2001 Thorne Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No Reprint Without Written Permission Ruscus aculeatus (Butcher’s Broom)

Herbal Burdock and Antitussive effect

Burdock is plant in the group of biennial thistles, genus Arctium, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Euro. It has been used over thousand of years in Chins and other traditional herbal medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent and to treat wounds and infections stomach ulcers and other digestive problems.
Antitussive effect is considered as a coughing suppression activity with  the use as substance, including herb, medication

The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate，11-tridecadien-3，5，7，9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone，dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

The benefits
polysaccharides found in Burdock may be the potential agent to treat pathological type of cough as its polysaccharides exhibited statistically significant cough-suppressing activity, which was noticeably higher than that of the non-narcotic drug used in clinical practice to treat coughing. Also a A biologically active fructan from the roots of Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules is was found to be equally active as some non-narcotic, synthetic preparations used in clinical practice to treat coughing.

The Side effects
1. Overdose can be poisoning and may lead to symptoms of acute poisoning include phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines.
2. It may cause dermatitis and allergic/inflammatory responses to certain people with contact as a result of lactones which the plant produces.
3. Do not use burdock if you are pregnant or breast feeding.
4. Etc.

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References
(1) The antitussive activity of polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis l., var. Robusta, Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules, and Prunus persica L., Batsch by Sutovska M, Nosalova G, Franova S, Kardosova A.(PubMed)
(2) A biologically active fructan from the roots of Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules. by Kardosová A, Ebringerová A, Alföldi J, Nosál'ová G, Franová S, Hríbalová V.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Dried peas and Types 2 Diabetes

Dried peas is a small but nutritionally mighty member of the legume family, genus Pisum belongs to the family Fabaceae. It has a healthy source of protein, fibers, vitamins and minerals that is good for everyone diet.

The Nutrients and Chemical constituents
1. Carbohydrates
2. Dietary fiber
3. Fat
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A ( Beta carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin)
6. B vitamins
7. Vitamin C
8. Calcium
9. Iron
10. Magnesium
11. Phosphorus
12. Potassium
13. Zinc Beside it main component of  Polyphenolic compounds , it also contains saponin pisatin, L-pipecolic acid, glycoside-Pisatoside, tocopherols, cerebroside, etc.

1. Dried peas (Pisum) and Types 2 Diabetes
Dried peas found to contain a good sources of protein and fiber, is one of many rich-protein recommended for vegetarian. Together with a low glycemic index it may be considered as a high-fiber foods for daily carbohydrate intake in diabetes. Evidences of studies have showed that a low-glycemic load meal containing psyllium soluble fiber is significantly improves the breakfast postprandial glycemic, insulinemic in adults with Type 2 DM. In the study to compare the glycemic and insulinemic responses to 3 different meals based on dried peas, potatoes, or both in patients with type 2 diabetes, intake of after the pea meal is found to delay of the increased  postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, when compared to other meal. Since arbohydrates counting in dried peas have been disregarded, the nutrient dried peas should be included in the consumption of low-glycemic, high-fiber foods at the expense of high-glycemic, low-fiber foods for type II diabetics.

The Side effects
1. Purines
Excessive intake of purine can cause health problems for people with untreated kidney and gallbladder diseases due to accumulation of uric acid.
2. Etc.

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References
(1) Effects of breakfast meal composition on second meal metabolic responses in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus by Clark CA, Gardiner J, McBurney MI, Anderson S, Weatherspoon LJ, Henry DN, Hord NG.(PubMed)
(2) Comparison of the effects of dried peas with those of potatoes in mixed meals on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes by Schäfer G, Schenk U, Ritzel U, Ramadori G, Leonhardt U.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Beet (Beta vulgaris) as antioxidants

Beet is best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belong to the amaranth family. It is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
Most of heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease.

Nutrients and chemical Constituents
1. Energy
2. Carbohydrates
3. fiber
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Beta-carotene
7. Trytophan
8. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
9. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
10. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
11. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
12. Vitamin B6
13. Folate (Vitamin B9)
14. Vitamin C
15. Calcium
16. Iron
17. Magnesium
18. Copper
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Magnesium
23. Betacyanin
24. Betaine
25. Etc.
Beside the major chemical constituents betalains and phenolics, it also contains lesser amount of isobetanin, probetanin, neobetanin, indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthins, etc.

The Benefits
Betanin a main chemical constituent found in  beet juice has exerted its hepatoprotective and anticarcinogenic effects, through the activation of Nrf2 and subsequent induction of the expression of genes controlled by this factor(Activation of Nrf2 essentially opens the door for the production of numbers of our body’s most important antioxidants as excessive free radicals induce better antioxidant production) in non-tumour THLE-2 cell line. In simple words, betanin in beet root enhances the antioxidant effects in protection of the liver against the development of liver cancers and diseases.

Side effects
1. Oxalates Oxalates in the beet can cause kidney and gallbadder problem. People with above diseases should contact their doctor before consuming.
2. Increase the rick of lowering calcium absorption for people with weak digestive system.
3. Etc.

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References
(1) What is NRF2?
(2) Betanin, a beetroot component, induces nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-mediated expression of detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human liver cell lines by Krajka-Kuźniak V, Paluszczak J, Szaefer H, Baer-Dubowska W.(PubMed)

Serum Potassium and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
Fatty liver disease.
Fatty liver disease is defined as a condition of accumulation of fat in the liver, including people who drink little or no alcohol (Non alcohol fatty disease) or who are excessive alcohol drinking (Alcohol fatty liver disease). The disease can even occur after a short period of heavy drinking (acute alcoholic liver disease). More than 15 million people in the U.S. either abuse or overuse alcohol with fatty liver diseases with fat makes up 5-10 percent of liver weight.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical conditions, actually representing an emerging disease of great clinical interest(4).

The benefits
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated to increased risk of metabolic syndrome. In the study of in 8592 subjects with NAFLD (30·3%) and gradually decreased across serum potassium quartiles, to investigate the association of serum potassium with the risk of prevalent NAFLD. The result showed a significant relation between serum potassium level and NAFLD in women, younger subjects, those with insulin resistance and central obesity. Other in the study to investigate the association between NAFLD and primary aldosteronism (PA), and to identify determinants of NAFLD in this condition, showed that Serum potassium was lower in primary aldosteronism (PA) than in LREH patients with NAFLD (P < 0.001), while it was similar in PA and LREH patients without NAFLD.

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References
(1) Low serum potassium level is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related metabolic disorders by Sun K, Lu J, Jiang Y, Xu M, Xu Y, Zhang J, Xu B, Sun J, Sun W, Ren C, Liu J, Wang W, Bi Y, Ning G.(PubMed)
(2) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary aldosteronism: a pilot study by Fallo F, Dalla Pozza A, Tecchio M, Tona F, Sonino N, Ermani M, Catena C, Bertello C, Mulatero P, Sabato N, Fabris B, Sechi LA.(PubMed)
(3) Review article: the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease -- availability and accuracy of non-invasive methods by Festi D, Schiumerini R, Marzi L, Di Biase AR, Mandolesi D, Montrone L, Scaioli E, Bonato G, Marchesini-Reggiani G, Colecchia A.(PubMed)

Bayberry Juice and Non acoholic fatty liver disease(NALFD)

Bay berry is a species of Myrica gale, genus Myrica, belonging to  the family Myricaceae. Beside many nutrients, it also consists chemical constituents of Gallic acid, quercetin hexoside, quercetin deoxyhexoside, quercetin, anthocyanins, flavonols, and elllagitannins, etc.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption. 

The benefits
Bayberry juice is one  of favorite drink among Chinese citizens. the fruits has been cultivated over 2000 years in Chinese literature for foods and medical use. Because of it recently found  to contain certain chemicals with antioxidant effects, the fruits and its juice are being promoted as healthy products for commercial profits. In folk medicine, the fruit has been used in treating jaundice, painful and colitis, diarrhea, and nausea, etc.. Its main ingredient, anthocyanins, has been found to be effective in some studies for treating cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of 44 participants (ages 18-25 y) given 250 mL of either bayberry juice or placebo twice daily for 4 wk, Bay berry juice is found to decrease inflammation and infection, liver cell apoptosis, and death of liver tissues as well as reduction of the risk of steatosis progreeion to cause NALFD. Of that results, researchers suggested that consumption of bayberry juice for a period of 4 wk can protect against NAFLD  and its juice may be a candidate for potential prevention and treatment of  Non acoholic fatty liver disease(NALFD).

The Side effects
1. Tannins found in bayberry may induce a drying effect on the skin and allergic effect in some patients
2. Bayberry may interactive with some prescription and non prescription medicine.
3. Etc.

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References
(1) Chemical composition of clarified bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) juice sediment by Fang Z, Zhang M, Tao G, Sun Y, Sun J.(PubMed)(2) One-month strawberry-rich anthocyanin supplementation ameliorates cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress markers and platelet activation in humans.

Alvarez-Suarez JM¹, Giampieri F², Tulipani S³, Casoli T⁴, Di Stefano G⁵, González-Paramás AM⁶, Santos-Buelga C⁶, Busco F⁷, Quiles JL⁸, Cordero MD⁹, Bompadre S¹⁰, Mezzetti B¹¹, Battino M¹².(PubMed)

(3) Anthocyanins and their role in cancer prevention by Wang LS, Stoner GD.(PubMed)

(4) Effects of bayberry juice on inflammatory and apoptotic markers in young adults with features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by Guo H¹, Zhong R², Liu Y², Jiang X³, Tang X³, Li Z³, Xia M⁴, Ling W³.(PubMed)
(5) Anaphylaxis and generalized urticaria from eating Chinese bayberry fruit by Wang HY, Gao ZS, Yang ZW, Shao JX, Zhao XZ, Dai Y, Van Ree R.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Strawberries and Breast cancer

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents

1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 

The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.

The benefits
The consumption of berry fruits, including strawberries, has been suggested to have beneficial effects to human health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. methanolic extract of strawberry (MESB) fruits in treatment of mice bearing breast adenocarcinoma with MESB blocked the proliferation of tumor cells in a time-dependent manner and resulted in extended life span. Other in the study of the anti cancer effects of The berry extracts showed an ability to inhibit the growth of human oral (KB, CAL-27), breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29, HCT116), and prostate (LNCaP) tumor cell lines at concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 micro g/mL. by increasing inhibition of cell proliferation in all of the cell lines.

The Side effects
1. Some people may beexperience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.

3. Etc. 

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References
(1) Extracts of strawberry fruits induce intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in breast cancer cells and inhibits tumor progression in mice.by Somasagara RR, Hegde M, Chiruvella KK, Musini A, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC.(PubMed)
(2) Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro.by Seeram NP, Adams LS, Zhang Y, Lee R, Sand D, Scheuller HS, Heber D.(PubMed)

Potassium and metabolic syndrome

Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
Metabolic syndrome
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, insulin resistance often goes along with other health problems, such as diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. These problems are all risk factors for heart disease. When a person has many of these problems at the same time, doctors commonly call it “metabolic syndrome.” It is sometimes called “insulin resistance syndrome” or “syndrome X.” Many people who have type 2 diabetes also have metabolic syndrome
Other defined it as a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of 3 out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels. The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure, and diabetes.

The benefits
Lower potassium intake may be associated to increased risk of diabetes. The Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2008-2010, The incidence was more prominent in postmenopausal women, but not among men. Diet higher potassium is significantly associated with reduced risk of  Metabolic syndrome in women, as well as insulin resistance (IR). In a cross-sectional study in 10,341 participants aged 40 years or older also supported the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese with low serum potassium level. Nordic diet containing important potassium sources with intake in potatoes, fruit and berries, vegetables and milk products, is found to decreased diastolic ambulatory BP and mean arterial pressure as well as  metabolic syndrome, may be attributed to higher intake of potassium products.

The Side effects
Overdose of potassium, also known as hyperkalemia may result of symptoms of hypotension, stomach cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, irritability, fatigue, etc., and in some cases, it can be life-threatening due to electrolyte abnormality.

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References
1. Metabolic syndrome (Wikipedia)
2.  Metabolic syndrome, (American Academy of Family Physicians)
3. Potassium intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010 by Lee H, Lee J, Hwang SS, Kim S, Chin HJ, Han JS, Heo NJ.(PubMed)
4. Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on ambulatory blood pressure in metabolic syndrome: a randomized SYSDIET sub-study by Brader L , Uusitupa M, Dragsted LO, Hermansen K.(PubMed)
5. Serum potassium level is associated with metabolic syndrome: A population-based study by Sun K, Su T, Li M, Xu B, Xu M, Lu J, Liu J, Bi Y, Ning G.(PubMed)

Phytochemical Triterpenoid and Non alcoholic Fatty liver disease

Triterpenoid is a various unsaturated hydrocarbons, found in essential oils and oleoresins of plants, including Ilex hainanensis Merr.

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.  

Progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to Non alcoholic liver disease is inevitable if left untreated. Ilex hainanensis Merr. is the Chinese herb used to treat for hypertension, dyslipidemia and inflammation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMs) and may be a potential medicine to treat Non alcoholic fatty disease. In the study to test the effect of Triterpenoid-rich fraction (TP) from Ilex hainanensis Merr. on NAFLD with Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a normal diet (control) or high fat diet (NAFLD model), after 4 weeks, the high fat diet group was orally administrated TF (250 mg/kg) for another two weeks. TP not only improves the symptoms of the subjects, but also decreases the levels of triglyceride , total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, abnormality of lipid accumulation , levels of inflammation and infection and apoptosis response in the liver. Of these results, TF is found to be effective in protecting liver against NAFLD by regulating lipids metabolism and alleviating insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress.

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Reference
(1) Pharmacokinetic study of major bioactive components in rats after oral administration of extract of Ilex hainanensis by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry by Jie Yang^{a, 1}, Fang Lv^{a, 1}, Xiao-qing Chen^b, Wei-xi Cui^a, Li-hong Chen^c, Xiao-dong Wen^a, Qiang Wang^a(Science direct)
(2) Triterpenoid-rich fraction from Ilex hainanensis Merr. attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet in rats by Cui WX, Yang J, Chen XQ, Mao Q, Wei XL, Wen XD, Wang Q.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Beet (Beta vulgaris) and Type 2 diabetes

Beet is best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belong to the amaranth family. It is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
Endothelial dysfunction is a condition of abnormal function of inner lining of blood vessels, such as a defect in the production or activity of nitric oxide.

Nutrients and chemical Constituents
1. Energy
2. Carbohydrates
3. fiber
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Beta-carotene
7. Trytophan
8. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
9. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
10. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
11. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
12. Vitamin B6
13. Folate (Vitamin B9)
14. Vitamin C
15. Calcium
16. Iron
17. Magnesium
18. Copper
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Magnesium
23. Betacyanin
24. Betaine
25. Etc.
Beside the major chemical constituents betalains and phenolics, it also contains lesser amount of isobetanin, probetanin, neobetanin, indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthins, etc.

The Benefits
Endothelial dysfunctionis associated with patients with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. evidences insome studies suggested that postprandial endothelial function was improve in patients with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes, after a single dose of a Exenatide, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (GLP-1 agonist) medication just before the meal. In the study to test the effects of  endothelial function after the intake of beetroot juice in overweight and slightly obese men following a mixed meal,, the postprandial impairment in Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was improved, plasma concentrations of the circulating NO pool were higher at T60, T120, and T240. Of these results, researchers suggested that a single dose of beet juice attenuates the postprandial impairment of FMD following a mixed meal and may be a potential alternative option to treat early onset of patient with type II diabetes, with little or no side effects.

Side effects
1. Oxalates Oxalates in the beet can cause kidney and gallbadder problem. People with above diseases should contact their doctor before consuming.
2. Increase the rick of lowering calcium absorption for people with weak digestive system.
3. Etc.

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References
(1) Improvement of Postprandial Endothelial Function After a Single Dose of Exenatide in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabete, by Juraj Koska, MD, Eric A. Schwartz, PHD, Michael P. Mullin, BS, Dawn C. Schwenke, PHD and, Peter D. Reaven, MD(Canadian Diabetes Association)
(2) Beetroot juice improves in overweight and slightly obese men postprandial endothelial function after consumption of a mixed meal by Joris PJ, Mensink RP.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Strawberries and Oral cancer

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.
Oral cancer is any malignant cell growth in the tissue located in the oral cavity, including the tissue of the lips or the tongue, cheek lining, floor of the mouth, gums (gingiva) and the roof of the mouth (palate).

Nutrients and Chemicals constituents

1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 

The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin

The benefits
Strawberries contain multiple phenolic compounds, which are thought to contribute to their biological properties in reducing the risk of cancer and chronic diseases. the anthocyanins, the major constituent found in strawberry were the most potent antioxidants in the inhibition of  the growth of human oral (CAL-27, KB) cancer cells with different sensitivities observed between cell lines. Other chemical constituents such as anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols, ellagitannins, gallotannins, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids, are also found to be potent in inhibition of oral cancer in increasing concentration manner.

The Side effects
1. Some people may beexperience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.

3. Etc.  

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References
(1) Isolation and identification of strawberry phenolics with antioxidant and human cancer cell antiproliferative properties. by Zhang Y, Seeram NP, Lee R, Feng L, Heber D.(PubMed)
(2) Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro by Seeram NP, Adams LS, Zhang Y, Lee R, Sand D, Scheuller HS, Heber D.(PubMed)

Peony and Non alcoholic Fatty liver disease

Mu Dan Pi or Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) is also known as peony. The acrid, bitter and mild cool herb has been used in TCM as anti micro organism, anti inflammatory agent and to enhance circulation and immune system, etc., as it clears heat and cools the blood, clears fire of yin deficiency, clear blood stasis and rid of clots, etc., by enhancing the functions of heart, liver and kidney channels.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.  

Ingredients 
1. Paeonol
2. Paeonoside
3. Paeonolide
4. Apiopaeonoside
5. Ozypaeoniflorin
6. Benzoylpaeoniflorin
7. Benzoyl-oxypaeoniflorin
8. Gallic aid
9. 1,23,4,6-pentagalloylglucose
10. Etc.

The benefits
Peony, a very popular Chinese herb is emerging as in many study for its Anti-inflammatory, anticoagulative , Anti-microbial and cytokine modulating effects, as well as properties as treatments of arthritis and asthma. In the study of the effects of peony in Non alcoholic liver disease caused by insulin resistance with Adult SD rats fed on high-fat-sugar-salt diet for 56 days, then divided randomly into nonalcoholic fatty liver model group, metformin group (0.2 g x kg(-1)) and total glucosides of paeony group. Oral administration of total glucosides of paeony group, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistence were resisted, the levels of free fatty acids (FFA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] were decreased, HDL-C were increased, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholinesterase (ChE) were decreased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased. Of these result, researchers suggested that paeony may consist a potential effect in protecting liver function and modulate serum lipid for the fatty liver rats caused by insulin resistance.

Side Effects 1, Do not use the herb in case of excessive menstruation, bleeding due to Yin deficiency
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children, or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with related field specialist
3. Etc.

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References
(1) Chinese Herbs – Mu Dan Pi or Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
(2) [Effects of total glucosides of paeony on enhancing insulin sensitivity and antagonizing nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats].[Article in Chinese] by Zheng LY, Pan JQ, Lv JH.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Beet (Beta vulgaris) and Hypertension

Beet is best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belong to the amaranth family. It is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. High blood pressure means raising pressure in your heart.If it stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.

Nutrients and chemical Constituents
1. Energy
2. Carbohydrates
3. fiber
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Beta-carotene
7. Trytophan
8. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
9. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
10. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
11. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
12. Vitamin B6
13. Folate (Vitamin B9)
14. Vitamin C
15. Calcium
16. Iron
17. Magnesium
18. Copper
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Magnesium
23. Betacyanin
24. Betaine
25. Etc.
Beside the major chemical constituents betalains and phenolics, it also contains lesser amount of isobetanin, probetanin, neobetanin, indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthins, etc.

The Benefits
Consumption of beetroot juice on a low nitrate diet is said to lower blood pressure (BP) and therefore reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. In a fifteen women and fifteen men participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, showed a positive effect of beetroot juice in addition to a normal diet in men. Other study also found a low dose of 100g exerts the significant hypotensive effects which was unaffected by processing or the presence of betacyanins. Also enriching bread with beetroot may be a suitable vehicle to increase intakes of cardioprotective beetroot in the diet and may provide new therapeutic perspectives in the management of hypertension.

Side effects
1. Oxalates
 Oxalates in the beet can cause kidney and gallbadder problem. People with above diseases should contact their doctor before consuming.
2. Increase the rick of lowering calcium absorption for people with weak digestive system.
3. Etc.



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References
(1) Effect of beetroot juice on lowering blood pressure in free-living, disease-free adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Coles LT, Clifton PM.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of beetroot juice on lowering blood pressure in free-living, disease-free adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Coles LT, Clifton PM.(PubMed)
(3) Acute ingestion of beetroot bread increases endothelium-independent vasodilation and lowers diastolic blood pressure in healthy men: a randomized controlled trial by Hobbs DA, Goulding MG, Nguyen A, Malaver T, Walker CF, George TW, Methven L, Lovegrove JA.(PubMed)

Herbal Butterbur and hyperreactivity

Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetland, riverside, forest, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Northern Hemisphere. It has been used in herbal medicne used as an pain reliever in digestive system, including stomach, bile ducts, and duodenum, etc. 
Airway hyperreactivity is a defined as a condition of easily triggered bronchospasm as a result of physical, chemical, or pharmacologic stimuli.

The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Butterbur include Petioles, petasitene and pethybrene,  quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-6''-O-acetylglucoside, and rutin, caffeic acid, alkaloids, S-petasin and iso-S-petasin, etc.

The benefits
Extract (Ze 339, PET) from herbal Petasites hybridus (butterbur) is found to be effective in inhibiting the
nhibited airway hyperresponsiveness by inhibiting the production of the Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, and RANTES. S-isopetasin, an antimuscarinic sesquiterpene of Petasites formosanus may also be used as a bronchodilator in the treatment of on obstructive airway hyperresponsiveness, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma exacerbations.
 
Side effects
1. Butterbur may be liver-toxic to liver and cause cancer due to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids(a)
2. If you are pregnant please do not use Butterbur with out the permission of the related special field specialist
3. Allergic effect to certain people who are allergic to ragweed, marigold, daisy, etc.
4. Overdoses may cause indigestion, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.
5. Etc.

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References
(1) Petasites extract Ze 339 (PET) inhibits allergen-induced Th2 responses, airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in mice by Brattström A, Schapowal A, Maillet I, Schnyder B, Ryffel B, Moser R.(PubMed)
(2) Bronchodilatory effects of S-isopetasin, an antimuscarinic sesquiterpene of Petasites formosanus, on obstructive airway hyperresponsiveness by Lin LH, Huang TJ, Wang SH, Lin YL, Wu SN, Ko WC.(PubMed)

Herbal Butcher's broom and Inflammatory effects

Butcher's broom is a low evergreen shrub, a species of Ruscus aculeatus, belonging to the family Asparagaceae, native to Eurasia.It has been used in herbal medicine to treat reduce inflammation, Peripheral vascular disease, Hemorrhoids Bronchial asthma, Varicose veins, Hypotension, Jaundice, functional disorders of the heart, kidney disorder, venotonic and anti-oedematous properties, etc..
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The Ingredients
It contains rutin, sitosterol, sparteine, spirostanol saponins, steroidal sapogenins, sterols, stigmasterol, sulfated steroidal saponins, sweet broom, tetracosanoic acid, triterpenes, triterpines, tyramine, etc.

The benefits
Ruscogenin (RUS), isolated from Ruscus aculeatus, has been found to exert significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities by inhibited adhesion of leukocytes to a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV304) injured by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a concentration-dependent manner. Other study also showed ruscogenin resulted in markedly reduced expression of inflammatory cytokine and leukocyte infiltration via the inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity in rat lungs.

The Side effects
1. Do not use if you are pregnant with out permission of related field specialist, as Sparteine may increase uterine contraction
2. Do not use Butcher's broom if you are taking any form of monoamine oxidaseinhibitor
3. Use as direction and do not overdose
4. Etc.


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References
(1) Possible mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of ruscogenin: role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB by Huang YL, Kou JP, Ma L, Song JX, Yu BY.(PubMed)
(2) Ruscogenin attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats  by Bi LQ, Zhu R, Kong H, Wu SL, Li N, Zuo XR, Zhou SM, Kou JP, Yu BY, Wang H, Xie WP.(PubMed)

Herbal Burdock and Antibacterial activity

Burdock is plant in the group of biennial thistles, genus Arctium, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Euro. It has been used over thousand of years in Chins and other traditional herbal medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent and to treat wounds and infections stomach ulcers and other digestive problems.

The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.

The benefits
An ethyl acetate fraction (AcOEt) extracted from Arctium lappa or Burdock has exerted its anti bacterial effective in the testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Its rough extracts from leaves of Arctium lappa, also exhibited specificity against the target microorganisms and may be a potential effective  in the tested endodontic pathogens. Other in the study of Extracts of 13 Brazilian medicinal plants  for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts, including Burdock, suggested that the herb may be a ethnobotanical use of the studied species for the treatment of various infectious diseases.


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References
(1) In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Arctium lappa as a phytotherapeutic agent used in intracanal dressings by Gentil M, Pereira JV, Sousa YT, Pietro R, Neto MD, Vansan LP, de Castro França S.(PubMed)
(2) Antimicrobial activity of Arctium lappa constituents against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections by Pereira JV, Bergamo DC, Pereira JO, França Sde C, Pietro RC, Silva-Sousa YT.(PubMed)
(3) Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases by Holetz FB, Pessini GL, Sanches NR, Cortez DA, Nakamura CV, Filho BP.(PubMed)

Herbal Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and antiinflammatory activities

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is one of the species of Bearberry, in the genus Arctostaphylos, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to the northern North America, Asia and Europe. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as diuretic agent and to treat urinary problems, including bladder infections, kidney infection, kidney stone, pelvic pain, etc.
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The Ingredients It contains arbutin, ursolic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, some essential oil and resin, hydroquinones tannins,  phenolic glycosides and flavonoids.

The benefits
Water extract (UW-ext) collected from the the leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng (Bearberry leaf), is found to exhibit its anti-inflammatory effects in ear swelling by picryl chloride-induced contact dermatitis (PC-CD) and carrageenin-induced paw edema. arbutin isolated from the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., when combined with and indomethacin on Type IV allergic reaction-induced immuno-inflammation, carrageenin-induced edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis, found to be effective as arbutin may increase the inhibitory action of indomethacin on PC-CD, SRBC-DTH, carrageenin-induced edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis, but further investigations are required to understand the mechanism involved. Other study also indicated that 50% methanolic extract (U-ext), containing arbutin, possesses a therapeutic effect against immuno-inflammation induced by  by picryl chloride (PC-CD) and also increases the inhibitory effect of prednisolone.

The Side effect
1. Overdoses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including cause nausea, vomiting, etc. and fever, chills, severe back pain, ringing in the ears, etc.
2. The herb may interact with other medicine, including diuretic
3. Do not use the herb in new born, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
4. Etc.


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References
(1) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. V. Effect of water extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) on the antiallergic and antiinflammatory activities of dexamethasone ointment].[Article in Japanese] by Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Tanaka T, Kubo M.(PubMed)
(2) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. III. Combined effect of arbutin and indomethacin on immuno-inflammation].[Article in Japanese] by Matsuda H, Tanaka T, Kubo M.(PubMed)
(3) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. I. Combined effect of 50% methanolic extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) and prednisolone on immuno-inflammation].[Article in Japanese] by Kubo M, Ito M, Nakata H, Matsuda H.(PubMed)

Herbal Andrographis and Anti-fertility

Andrographis paniculata is also known as Andrographis is a herbaceous plant, genus Andrographis, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. It has been used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic in treating the common cold, flu, upper respiratory infections, infectious diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, pneumonia, swollen lymph nodes, leprosy, bronchitis, sore throats, tuberculosis, chicken pox, etc.
Anti-fertility is an act with intention to prevent, reduce or destroy fertility by using substances such as contraceptives, herbal medicine in under developing world.

The Ingredients
Beside the main ingredient andrographolides, giving the plant a bitter taste, other ingredients includediterpene lactones, such as: neoandrographolide, andrographiside, 14-doexy-11, 12-didehydro andrographolide, etc., flavonoinds viz., oroxylin, wogonin, andrographidines A, B, C, D, E, F.

The Benefits
Kan Jang--a fixed combination of Andrographis paniculata special extract (SHA-10) and Acanthopanax senticosus, although the herbal mix extract revealed no significant negative effect on male semen quality and fertility, but rather a positive trend with respect to the number of spermatozoids in the whole ejaculate, the percentage of active (normokinetic) forms of spermatozoids, and fertility indexes, together with a decrease in the percentage of inactive (diskinetic) forms of spermatozoids. Dry leaf powder of A. paniculata increases the risk accumulating of glycogen and cholesterol in the testis, and increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase in testis and alkaline phosphatase in testis and ventral prostate, thus reducing the risk of fertility. But in other study, Extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees (A paniculata) standardized to >or=10% andrographolide, have found to be no effect on total sperm count and sperm motility and levels of testosteroneand fertility indices in treatment groups were found to be comparable with that of the control in rats.

The Side effects
 People with gallbladder disease may want to consult with their doctor before using because of the herb stimulating gallbladder contraction effect.


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References
(1) Antifertility effect of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) in male albino rat by Akbarsha MA, Manivannan B, Hamid KS, Vijayan B.(PubMed)
(2) A phase I clinical study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang versus ginseng and valerian on the semen quality of healthy male subjects by Mkrtchyan A, Panosyan V, Panossian A, Wikman G, Wagner H.(PubMed)
(3) Reproductive and fertility effects of an extract of Andrographis paniculata in male Wistar rats, by Allan JJ, Pore MP, Deepak M, Murali B, Mayachari AS, Agarwal A.(PubMed)

Antioxidants and Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.  

Antioxidants have been found to assist the body in selfrepairment of the cell damage caused by oxidative stress in balancing of the electrons. Oxidative stress is found to cause hepatic damage in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and these imbalances in some researches were found to be associated in patients with Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In a prospective study of 29 patients with NAFLD, 25 diseased controls with chronic viral hepatitis, and 23 healthy controls, lipid peroxidation are significantly increased among patients with NAFLD compared to healthy subjects, but there were no significant correlation between histological grading or staging and levels of pro and antioxidants. This study demonstrate that oxidative may be considered as a potential cause in managing patients with Non alcoholic fatty disease.

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References
(1) Oxidant stress and antioxidant status among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Madan K, Bhardwaj P, Thareja S, Gupta SD, Saraya A.(PubMed)

(2) [Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in patients with hepatitis B virus infection and the effect of interferon-alpha plus lamivudine combination therapy on oxidative stress].[Article in Turkish. by Acar A, Görenek L, Aydin A, Eyigün CP, Eken A, Sayal A, Pahsa A.(PubMed)

Weight Loss and Non alcoholic liver disease

Healthy Weight loss is defined as a reduction of the total body mass for the purpose in improving heath due to related illness, including heart diseases, stroke, over expression of cholesterol, fatty liver, etc.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.  

Non alcoholic fatty liver diseases is widespread in Western world with no affirmative treatment. Most physicians suggested healthy diet with less in saturated  and trans fat and reduction of  patients' weight would be beneficial in management of the disease. As n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)has been found to be effective in treating  patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with hyperlipidemia with no adverse effects. In the study of the effect of weight reduction diet as an exclusive treatment for NAFLD, in 44 patients with NAFLD whom  received a diet including a 500 to 1000 kcal per day intake reduction as30% fat, 15% protein, and 55% carbohydrate for six months, reduction of body weight, waist circumference and decrease diastolic blood pressure are significant. Total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, ALT, AST, GGT and CK18-M30 levels were significantly decreased as well. Of these result, weight reduction diet should be considered as a therapy in managing non alcoholic liver disease.

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References
(1) How Much Weight Loss is Effective on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? by Ghaemi A, Taleban FA, Hekmatdoost A, Rafiei A, Hosseini V, Amiri Z, Homayounfar R, Fakheri H.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seal oils on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with hyperlipidemia by Zhu FS, Liu S, Chen XM, Huang ZG, Zhang DW.(PubMed)