Kyle J. Norton
A hepatic marker is a blood test that measures the function of the liver. In other words, according to the blood test results, your doctor may know the severity of the liver damage.
The liver is the largest internal organ in the body which plays a critical role to filter out blood from the digestive system before passing them to other parts of the body.
Furthermore, the liver also produces bile which has a strong impact on the building of cell membranes, production of steroid hormones and vitamin D, and aiding the digestive system in the absorption of nutrients.
Liver transaminases aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) are some of the liver markers used by researchers to measure liver injury in a patient with some degree of intact liver function.
Aspartate transaminase (AST) is an enzyme found primarily in the liver and kidney. High levels of ALT are associated with liver damage. ALT screening is used often in patients with
liver disease.
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a liver enzyme. increased levels of ALT have been found in patients with liver damage.
Other liver enzymes such as Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) also have a similar effect as seen in ALT and AST.
More precisely, elevated liver enzymes is an indication of liver inflammation or cell damage.
Dr. Edoardo G. Giannin, the lead scientist in the explanation of liver enzyme alternation, wrote, "Abnormal liver enzyme levels may signal liver damage or alteration in bile flow. Liver enzyme alteration may be either the accompanying biochemical picture in a patient with symptoms or signs suggestive of liver disease or an isolated, unexpected finding in a patient who has undergone a wide range of laboratory tests for a nonhepatic disease or for minor, vague complaints".
And, "The pattern of enzyme abnormality, interpreted in the context of the patient's characteristics, can aid in directing the subsequent diagnostic work-up. Awareness of the prevalence of the determining liver disease in specific populations and of possible hepatic involvement during systemic illnesses or drug therapies may help the clinician identify the cause of alterations efficiently".
The results strongly suggested that testing hepatic markers of patients with liver disease may be helpful to identify the causes.
Tomato is a red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for the commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.
In the urgency to discover healthy foods which process liver-protective effects, researchers examined the effect of dry tomato peel (DTP) on hepatic markers in a high-saturated-fat (HSF) diet animal model for 12 weeks.
The study included 40 8 weeks old, weighing 22.2±1.0 g) BALB/c male mice (n=40) divided into four treatment groups (10 mice/group): (a) high-fat control diet (HF Ctrl), which contains sunflower oil as a sole source of fat; (b) HSF/high-cholesterol (HC) diet; (c) HSF/HC diet supplemented with 9% DTP and (d) HSF/HC diet supplemented with 17% DTP.
According to the tested assays, without supplements with DTP, HSF/HC diet-treated mice showed significantly increased body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, insulin resistance, and lipid peroxidation in the liver as well as the onset of liver steatosis and inflammation.
Upon the injection of DTP, HSF/HC diet mice demonstrated a significant increase in plasma lycopene concentration and reduced markers associated with metabolic syndrome developing.
In other words, DTP inhibited the liver damage and injury marker through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity and lipid metabolism
Taken together, tomatoes processed with a high amount of lycopene may be considered a dietary supplement for liver protection, pending to large sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of lycopene in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Effect of dry tomato peel supplementation on glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and hepatic markers in mice fed high-saturated-fat/high-cholesterol diets by Zidani S1, Benakmoum A2, Ammouche A3, Benali Y4, Bouhadef A4, Abbeddou S. (PubMed)
(2) Feeding tomato and broccoli powders enriched with bioactives improves bioactivity markers in rats by Liu AG1, Volker SE, Jeffery EH, Erdman JW Jr. (PubMed)
(3) Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians by Edoardo G. Giannini, Roberto Testa, and Vincenzo Savarino. (PMC)
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