Kyle J. Norton
Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in protecting your lung damage caused by cigarette smoking, some scientists suggested.
The results of this research were conducted by several respectable institutions such as J American University of Madaba and Policlinico Universitario and published in the online medical literature.
According to the statistic, cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death, accounting for more than 480,000 deaths every year, or about 1 in 5 deaths in the US alone.
Green tea is a precious drink that processed a number of health benefits and is known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.
In the study to investigate the outcome of cigarette smoking-induced oxidative stress in alternated the cellular antioxidant defense system in facilitated apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation and damage in rat model random assigned into four groups, sham air (SA), cigarette smoke (CS), CGT 2% plus SA or plus CS, through an experiment carried out as a single daily dose (1 cigarette/rat) for a period of 90 days, using an electronically controlled smoking machine, researchers found that
* Long-term exposure to cigarette smoking catalyzed the balance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidant defense in the tested body, leading to overexpression ROS in precipitated cytotoxicity to lung tissue and induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
* Lung injury and damage due to smoking are observed through the 24-hour collection after the last CS exposure from histology and all enzyme assays.
* Lung cell apoptosis is evidenced by the fragmentation of DNA in the TUNEL assay.
Application of green tea CGT demonstrated a significant recovery of all pathophysiological and biochemical events expressed from above, particularly, in the treatment group given CGT infusion as a drink instead of water.
After taking into account other co and confounders Dr. Al-Awaida W, the lead researcher said, " Exposure of albino rat model to cigarette smoke caused oxidative stress, altered the cellular antioxidant defense system, induced apoptosis in lung tissue, inflammation, and tissues damage, which could be prevented by supplementation of CGT".
Moreover, oral administration of green tea bioactive polyphenols Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)
in tested Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, sham air (SA), 4% CS, 2% Lung Chen tea plus SA or 4% CS with SA or 4% CS carried out for 1h/day for 56 days in ventilated smoking chambers, exerted
* A significant effect in reduced airspace enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia associated with asthma caused by 56-day CS exposure alone
* A strong effect in restoring the balance of antioxidants produced by EGCG and the host natural defense and reactive oxygen species, through suppressing levels of oxidative stress caused by CS.
Additionally, according to the Policlinico Universitario in the study to evaluate the green tea extract risk of pleurisy, a lung disease caused by inflammation of the tissue layers (pleura) lining the lungs and inner chest wall induced by carrageenan, application of green tea extract reduced fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity containing many neutrophils (PMNs), an indication of inflammation.
These results were attributed to green tea's property in reduced immune response in initiated and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as nitrite/nitrate, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and ICAM-1 inactivated NF-κB in the cellular response to stimuli and increased the expression of adhesion molecules as well as overexpression of and poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) and nitrotyrosine formation.
Nitrite/nitrate are food preservatives added to food to prevent bacteria from growing. Dietary consumption of nitrates is associated with an increased risk of cancer(4).
The chemical compounds may induce cell cytotoxicity if taken in some amounts.
Truly, serum of nitrite/nitrate is in high levels in patients with inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis, according to BMJ journals(5).
Tumor necrosis factor is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) that plays an important role in systemic inflammation of the acute phase reaction. Overexpression of tumor necrosis factor can result in tissue damage and apoptosis to nearby healthy cells.
ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1) plays an essential role in the immune response in facilitating direct inflammatory expression.
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a family of proteins involved in a number of cellular processes. Overexpression of PARP may alter cellular DNA in the induction of the early stage of carcinogenesis(6).
An increase in nitrotyrosine and impairment of antioxidant defense systems are associated with patients with inflammatory diseases such as diabetes. But in smoke exposure, nitrotyrosine formation is an indication of lung cell apoptosis.
D. Chan KH, the lead author in the final phase of analysis, suggested that green tea extract exerts a protective effect and offers a novel therapeutic approach for the management of lung injury.
The findings suggested that green tea, its extract, and bioactive polyphenols EGCG may be considered functional foods in the protection of lung tissue injury, damage, and cell death due to long-term exposure to cigarette smoking.
However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption during the course of the investigation will be necessary to complete the picture of its protective effect on the lung in exposure to cigarette smoking.
Intake of green tea supplements should be taken with extreme care as acute liver toxicity was reported in a number of the case in the medical literature.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Chinese green tea consumption reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissues damage in smoke exposed rats by Al-Awaida W1, Akash M2, Aburubaiha Z1, Talib WH3, Shehadeh H4(PubMed)
(2) Green tea polyphenol extract attenuates lung injury in experimental model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy in mice by Di Paola R1, Mazzon E, Muià C, Genovese T, Menegazzi M, Zaffini R, Suzuki H, Cuzzocrea S.(PubMed)
(3) Chinese green tea ameliorates lung injury in cigarette smoke-exposed rats by Chan KH1, Ho SP, Yeung SC, So WH, Cho CH, Koo MW, Lam WK, Ip MS, Man RY, Mak JC. (PubMed)
(4) Dietary Nitrates, Nitrites, and Nitrosamines Intake and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis by Peng Song,1,† Lei Wu,2,† and Wenxian Guan1(PMC)
(5) Serum nitrate and nitrite levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis by Ersoy1, E Özerol2, Ö Baysal1, I Temel2, R S MacWalter3, Ü Meral1, Z E Altay. (BMJ Journals)
(6) Overexpression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis by Nosho K1, Yamamoto H, Mikami M, Taniguchi H, Takahashi T, Adachi Y, Imamura A, Imai K, Shinomura Y. (PubMed)
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