Coffee, emerging as a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roast beans from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
Recent studies suggested that coffee may process various health benefits through its antioxidants and caffeine activities.
(For health benefits from 1-11, do to this link https://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/2018/03/intake-of-roasted-bean-coffee-beverage.html)
12. Ulcerative Colitis
Epidemiological studies do not agree that intake of coffee and coffee caffeine regularly may have a profound effect in attenuating the risk of ulcerative colitis.
Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roast beans from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by long-lasting inflammation and ulcers (sores) in the digestive tract.
In the reviewed study of a total of 442 patients, 73% regularly consume coffee. 96% of patients attributing a positive and 91% of patients attributing no impact of coffee intake on IBD regularly drink coffee and surprisingly even 49% of those patients assign a negative impact on disease symptoms, researchers at the University Hospital Zurich found that most patients with IBD showed a coffee drinking habit and addressed that coffee has helped modifying symptoms of the disease.
Other in the total of 81 UC patients recruited at all stages of the disease process, after completion of a 7 d diet diary, Caffeine, and decaffeinated coffee showed a clinical significance in reduced risk of UC and may be considered a functional food included in the potentially therapeutic diet.
Dr. Magee EA, the lead author said, " ......decaffeinated coffee was associated with a better clinical state than the caffeine-containing version".
Contrastively, in the investigation of a population-based, case-control study of the risk of ulcerative colitis associated with coffee and alcohol use among the 304,000 members of a prepaid health plan, coffee expressed no association with either amount of coffee consumed daily, or cumulative coffee consumption before the disease onset and altered the risk of developing ulcerative colitis.
13. Melanoma, Particularly in People with Altered GSTM1 and GSTT1 Gene
Intake of coffee regularly may have a positive effect in reducing the risk of Melanoma, particularly in healthy people with alternated genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 expression, a renowned institute study suggested.
Melanoma is a type of malignant skin cancer caused by DNA damage, most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning beds inducing irregular growth of skin cells.
Coffee, becoming a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roast beans from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
According to the Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, compared to low coffee intake, high frequency of coffee drinking (>once daily) with ≤7 times weekly, showed a significantly lower risk of melanoma.
Interestingly, in the group of people with GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms(altered gene expression) subjects, coffees showed an extremely high protective effect against forming of Melanoma.
Also in the searching of PubMed and EMBASE databases from the earliest available online indexing year to March 2017 for a dose-response meta-analysis on prospective cohort studies, researchers at the Jagiellonian University Medical College, insisted that linear dose-dependent are associated to the development of melanoma risk and total coffee consumption.
The risk of melanoma is reduced by 3% for every cup of coffee intake per day.
Dr. Micek A, the lead author in the joint study said, "(According to) a total of seven studies eligible for meta-analysis were identified that comprised 1,418,779 participants and 9211 melanoma cases,......coffee intake may be inversely associated with incidence of melanoma".
Further in the demonstration of 2 case-control studies (846 MM patients and 843 controls) and five cohort studies (including 844,246 participants and 5,737 MM cases), compared the lower and higher caffeine intake daily, caffeinated coffee showed a pooled relative risk (RR) of 0.81.
Risk of additional cups of coffee caffeine consumption, a relatively odd ratio of the risk of melanoma decreased by 0.955
Importantly, the study found no correlated and linear dose-dependent of decaffeinated coffee and risk of melanoma regardless of the volume of daily intake in teasing subjects.
14. Breast Cancer Selectively
Recent studies suggested that coffee and coffee caffeine may have a potential effect in reducing the risk and treatment of breast cancer, selectively.
The review of literature from the database of PubMed with the selection of 37 published articles, involving 59,018 breast cancer cases and 966,263 participants, suggested that
1. There is no significant association between coffee and coffee caffeine intake and breast cancer risk
2. Post-menopause women drinking coffee daily and regularly have a reduced risk of breast cancer developing.
3. Women who are BRCA1 mutation carriers showed a positive risk of breast cancer from coffee intake
The study also indicated that for additional cups of coffee consumed risk of breast cancer decreased by 2% and 1% for every 200mg/day increment in caffeine intake.
Contrastively, in a case-control analysis of 1,690 women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation from 40 centers in 4 countries. to determine coffee and coffee caffeine intake against the risk of breast cancer, returned a self-administered questionnaire. showed a significant correlation between coffee intake in elevated breast cancer risk.
Women with breast cancer in BRCA carriers who habitually drank 0, 1-3, 4-5, and 6 or more cups of coffee showed a relative risk odd ratio of 1.00, 0.90, 0.75, and 0.31, respectively.
The finding of a relatively odd ratio suggested that the risk of breast cancer was reduced in this group of women linearly to the number of coffee and coffee caffeine consumed daily.
Dr, Jiang W, lead author said, " (According to the findings) women with BRCA gene mutation, coffee consumption is unlikely to be harmful and that high levels of consumption may in fact be related to reduced breast cancer risk"
Interestingly, the investigated the common A to C polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene associated with decreased enzyme inducibility and impaired caffeine metabolism of caffeine to examine the risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers of 411 BRCA1 mutation carriers (170 cases and 241 controls) researchers at the University of Toronto found that risk of breast cancer decreases significantly by 64% in BRCA1 mutation carriers with at least one C polymorphism in the CYP1A2 gene but not in CYP1A2 AA group in compared to women who never consumed coffee.
15. Depression
Epidemiological studies do not agree that coffee and coffee caffeine have a positive effect in reduced depression, a review literature study suggested.
Depression is a normal neuro response as part of our daily lives such as the loss of s job, the death of a loved one, and illness.
Over 30 million Americans suffer from depression and the amounts are increasing at an alarming rate.
According to the University of Naples Federico II, over 2 decades, many studies addressed the concerns of coffee intake may have an implication for the incidence of depression, but several phytochemical studies indicated a different outcome as caffeine and certain major phytoconstituents exhibited antidepressant effects through multiple molecular mechanisms.
Dr. Tenore GC, the lead researcher said, "Coffee can be considered a drink which has different positive effects on human health such as cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, etc. However, heavy coffee consumption may be related to some unpleasant symptoms, mainly anxiety, headache, increased blood pressure, nausea, and restlessness".
Contrastively, caffeine in coffee showed a strong inverse association in cases of postpartum depression and comorbid panic disorder.
Other researchers in the search for the efficacy of coffee and risk of depression through database from PubMed and PsychINFO insisted that although literature data are conflicting, caffeine found in coffee indicated a significantly reduced effect on symptoms of clinical depression.
Additionally, in a cross-sectional study of 10,177 Korean individuals aged 20-97 years with a prevalence of self-reported depression of 14.0%, and of self-reported clinical depression of 3.7%. participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. to determine the effect of the consumption of coffee and the risk of depression, after adjusting to other factors, returned survey from patients, can be cataloged into the following
For general depression
1. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking less than one cup/week was 0.84
2. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking one to six cups/week was 0.63
3. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for one cup/day was 0.69
4. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for two cups/day was 0.54
5. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for three or more cups/day was .58
For clinical depression, similar observations also have been recorded
1. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking less than one cup/week was 1.00
2. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking one to six cups/week was 0.51
3. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for one cup/day was 0.57
4. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for two cups/day was 0.57
5. The relative odd ratio of patients drinking for three or more cups/day was 0.41
The findings although not linearly, coffee and coffee caffeine intake expressed a protective effect in ameliorating the risk of depression.
16. Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated over time. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity.
According to the joint study led by the National Taiwan University, the efficacy of coffee in reduced risk and management of obesity over the last 10 years of research, may be attributed to
1. decrease lipid accumulation in cells via the regulation of the cell cycle in fat tissue
2. improved fat metabolic formation in both protein and transcription factors expression
According to animal studies.
In humans, it is the result of decreased body weight and visceral fat stored within the abdominal cavity.
Furthermore, the study also expressed the importance of coffee intake in influencing the gut microbiota in obese animals and humans.
Additionally, in the evaluation of possible lipid catabolism and body fat regulation effects of 3-caffeoylquinic acid in Green coffee bean extract (GCBE) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice fed with only HFD or HFD with GCBE at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively, researchers filed the following results
1. GCBE treated group showed a significantly decreased body weight gain, and liver, and white adipose tissue weights, but importantly intake of coffee also regulated adipose tissue lipolysis hormones in breaking down fat accumulation.
2. The efficacy of the treatment group in reduced obesity risk may also benefit the decreased mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism in both gene and protein expression.
3. Compared to other treated groups, GCBE-treated mice displayed a lower fat mass and relative body weight and decreased fat mass.
More importantly, in the review of papers from in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro experimental studies in animals and human tissues as well as wide population-based epidemiological studies in the last 10 years, researchers at the joint study led by the South University School of Pharmacy said, " there are mounting evidence of the reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes by regular coffee drinkers of 3-4 cups a day. The effects are likely due to the presence of chlorogenic acids and caffeine, the two constituents of coffee in higher concentration after the roasting process".
17. Metabolic Syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome is a group of risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, including high blood pressure, abnormally high blood cholesterol, and triglyceride levels,.....
A joint study by respectable institutes suggested that intake of coffee and coffee caffeine daily and regularly may associate with an attenuated risk of metabolic syndrome.
According to the searching of the database from f PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for relevant articles published between 1 January 1999 and 31 May 2015, including 11 published reports and 13 studies with a total of 159,805 participants were eligible for our meta-analysis, the relative odd risk ratio of metabolic syndrome between the highest vs lowest category of coffee consumption was 0.872
The review also observed a nonlinear relationship between coffee and coffee caffeine consumption in ameliorated risk of metabolic syndrome, by dose-response analysis.
Additionally, in a cross-sectional population-based survey of 8,821 adults (51.4% female) conducted in Krakow, Poland. to evaluate the coffee and tea consumption and risk of metabolic syndrome, using food frequency questionnaires, observation of the questionnaire returned from participants expressed an interesting association between high coffee consumption of 3 cups and the clusters of lower BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and higher HDL cholesterol than those drinking less than 1 cup/day.
The study apparently indicated that people drinking 3 cups of coffee daily and regularly have a favorably ameliorated risk of metabolic syndrome even after adjusting for potential confounding factors.
More importantly, the study also pointed out that high coffee consumption was negatively associated with waist circumference, hypertension, and triglycerides in women but not in men.
Furthermore, in the animal evaluation of the effect of coffee drinking on clinical markers of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in Zucker rats including Diabetic Zucker rats with metabolic syndrome and control Zucker rats, researchers at the Fluminense Federal Institute postulated that after animals received daily doses of coffee drink by gavage for 30 days, coffee consumption expressed a decreased risk of metabolic syndrome in reduced serum glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in compared to non-treatment group.
Dr. Abrahão SA, the lead researcher said, "The results demonstrate that treatment with roasted coffee drink, because of its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect, is efficient in the protection of animals with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus type 2".
18. Gallstone and Gallstone Diseases
Epidemiological studies, linking coffee consumption to reduced risk of gallstone, but not gallstone disease have been contradictory.
Gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of bile components as a result of the building up of undissolved cholesterol over a prolonged period of time.
In the review of 174 cases of gallstones determined by ultrasonography, 104 cases of postcholecystectomy, and 6889 controls of the normal gallbladder in a total of 7637 men received a health examination at four hospitals of the Self-Defense Forces (SDF) with 174 cases of prevalent gallstones, 50 had been aware of having gallstones, researchers found that coffee and coffee caffeine drinkers express a high risk of gallstone incidence in compared to non-drinkers.
In this group of middle-aged Japanese men, the relative odds ratio of gallstone disease is 1.7 for coffee consumption of five cups or more per day vs. no consumption and 2.2 for caffeine intake of 300 mg/day or more vs. less than 100 mg/day.
Obviously, these findings contradicted other studies in support of the risk of gallstones reduced by coffee and caffeine intake, including the study conducted by the Harvard School of Public Health.
Other, in the review literature of database from PubMed and EMBASE of all published studies before June 2015 researchers at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University files the following results
1. Coffee intake regularly and daily had a significantly reduced risk of gallstone disease, in related females, but not in males. based on prospective studies.2. For patients drinking one cup of coffee per day, the risk of gallstone disease was 0.95
3. For patients drinking 2, 4, and 6 cups of coffee per day, the estimated RRs of gallstone disease reduced to 0.89 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.99), 0.81, and .75 respectively.
4, Coffee intake showed a linear association with ameliorated risk of gallstone diseases.
Interestingly, in a cohort of 80,898 women aged 34-59 years in 1980 who had no history of gallstone disease, during 20 years of follow-up, researchers filed the below results
1. Compared to non-caffeine coffee drinkers women, the multivariate relative risks of gallstone disease with cholecystectomy in compared to a consistent intake of caffeinated coffee (0, 1, 2-3, and > or =4 cups/day) were 1.0, 0.91, 0.78, and 0.72 respectively.
2. Coffee caffeine intake was inversely associated with the risk of cholecystectomy.
3. Caffeine intake (< or =25, 26-100, 101-200, 201-400, 401-800, and >800 mg/day) is linearly associated with a reduced risk of gallstone disease with the multivariate relative ratio of 1.0, 1.03, 1.01, 0.94, 0.85, and 0.85 4. Decaffeinated coffee was not associated with risk.
19. Menopause Symptoms
Menopause is a natural and biological progression of women at a certain age. The reduced hormone levels of the inaction of ovaries induced menstruation stop and a set of symptoms
A study conducted by a renowned institute suggested that coffee and coffee caffeine may have a potential effect in reducing the severity of some menopause symptoms and elevation of others.
In a cross-sectional survey conducted using the Menopause Health Questionnaire, completed by 2,507 consecutive women with menopausal concerns at the Women's Health Clinic at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between July 25, 2005, and July 25, 2011, caffeine intake in participants showed a greater positive effect in expression of the vasomotor symptom of menopause women in compared to non-drinkers group.
Other, in a cross-sectional study of a community-based sample of 243 women with vasomotor symptoms to evaluate the menopause symptoms of hot flashes (HF) and night sweats (NS) in symptomatic middle-aged women, intake of coffee showed elevated symptoms of hot flashes (HF) and night sweats (NS) in compared to nondrinkers.
And caffeine intake also is found as one of predictors in exhibited both hot flashes (HF) and night sweats (NS) in the same study group.
But in the animal model, according to the behavioral tests and oxidative stress parameters in ovariectomized mice, caffeine intake also showed a significant in reduced symptoms of anxiety induced by oxidative stress.
Administration of low doses of caffeine, for a short period of time, may be a new therapeutic approach to modulate the oxidative stress and anxiety in menopause, the "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy postulated.
There is no doubt that the study addresses a significantly inverse association in reduced risk of gallstone disease among coffee drinkers linearly.
20. Esophageal Cancer
Intake of coffee regularly may have a profound effect in reduced risk of cancers, a recent study proposed.
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by irregular cell growth in any tissue and organ in the body.
According to the joint study led by the Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, the consumption of healthy foods, particularly coffee rich in polyphenols might have a substantial influence in reducing the prevalence of cancer incidence.
Coffee extract with high chlorogenic acids (CGAs) exhibited beneficial biological effects in ameliorating the risk of cancer through anti-inflammatory activity and anti-carcinogenic activity.
In Ras-dependent breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, CGAs also displayed a molecular basis of the activity and chemoprotective in the induction of cell apoptosis.
Furthermore, in the review of literature in an expression of the association between total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee consumption and melanoma risk in a dose-response meta-analysis on prospective cohort studies by searching the database of PubMed and Embase, researchers indicated, seven studies eligible for meta-analysis, comprised 1,418,779 participants and 9211 melanoma cases. caffeine attenuated melanoma risk with a linear dose-response association between total coffee consumption.
Prevalence risk of melanoma is reduced by 3% for an additional cup of coffee intake per day. Dr. Micek A, the lead author said, "Coffee intake may be inversely associated with the incidence of melanoma".
In further demonstrated coffee and coffee caffeine in ameliorated risk of cancer, the Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for coffee consumption associated with death from all cancers combined and from specific cancer types among 922,896 Cancer with 1982 as a baseline, researchers at joint study lead by the American Cancer Society found that only smokers showed a non-linear association between coffee consumption and all-cancer death but not in never smokers.
Among non-smokers, drinking 2 cups/day or more showed a significant inverse associated with death from colorectal, head and neck, and female breast cancers, but positively associated with esophageal cancer death.
21. Stroke, Particularly in Women
A stroke is a medical condition characterized by interrupted blood supply, thus reducing oxygen and nutrient delivery to the brain, resulting in the death of brain cells.
Intake of coffee and coffee caffeine may have a profound effect in reducing the risk of stroke incidence, a renowned institute study suggested.
In a third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994; NHANES III) data to examine coffee consumption and stroke with participants aged ≥17 years old, researchers found that
coffee intake of this population showed a significant inverse association to stroke risk incidence, regardless to smoke status.
Interestingly, the study also discovered that frequent coffee drinkers displayed less occurrence of heart failure, diabetes, and hypertension but the risk of high cholesterol for those consuming ≥3 cups per day.
Dr. Liebeskind DS, the lead author said, "Heavier daily coffee consumption is associated with decreased stroke prevalence" and ". Multivariate analyses revealed an independent effect of heavier coffee consumption (≥3 cups/day) on reduced stroke".
Furthermore, in an analyzed data from a prospective cohort of 83,076 women in the Nurses' Health Study without a history of stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes, or cancer at baseline, with coffee consumption assessed first in 1980, then repeatedly every 2 to 4 years, and follow-up through 2004, researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health filed the following results
1. The relative risk ratio of stroke in participant's coffee consumption (<1 cup per month, 1 per month to 4 per week, 5 to 7 per week, 2 to 3 per day, and >or=4 per day) were 1, 0.98, 0.88, 0.81, and 0.80 repetitively.
2. Intake of coffee and coffee caffeine daily and regularly showed a significantly positive effect in reduced stroke risk after taking to count of other favors, including high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes.
3. Risk of stroke is also associated stronger correlation among never and past smokers (RR for >or=4 cups a day versus <1 cup a month, 0.57) than among current smokers (RR for >or=4 cups a day versus <1 cup a month, 0.97).
4. Decaffeinated coffee intake also was associated with a trend in lower risk of stroke after adjustment for caffeinated coffee consumption.
5. Caffeine consumption of other beverage do not associate to risk or reduced risk of stroke.
The findings suggested that long-term coffee consumption was not associated with the risk of stroke but modestly reduce the risk of stroke.
Promisingly, an Asian study of data obtained from the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study, involving 146,830 individuals aged 40-69 years demonstrated that high coffee consumption was associated with a 38% lower odds ratio for stroke in women compared to (none drinkers vs. ≥ 3 cups/day drinkers in women but not in men.
The expression of coffee intake in reduced risk of stroke was also found greater in women who are healthy, younger, non-obese, non-hypertensive, non-diabetic, non-smokers, and non-alcohol drinkers.
22. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
A recent study suggested that coffee and caffeine consumption may be associated with a reduced risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a medical condition of inflammation and obliterative fibrosis of the bile ducts.
In the study of 606 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 480 with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and 564 healthy volunteers acted as controls, researchers filed the following results
1. 24% of patients with PSC had never drunk coffee compared to 16% of controls.
2. Patients with PSC also consumed fewer lifetime cups per month and spent a smaller percentage of their lifetime drinking coffee compared to healthy adults.
Based on this information, Dr.Lammert C, the lead author opinionated, coffee consumption is lower among patients with PSC, compared with controls.
Additionally, In patients with PSC, recruited from Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet in Norway through 2011, randomly chosen from the Norwegian Bone Marrow Donor Registry (control subjects) of 240 patients with PSC and 245 control subjects also indicated a similar conclusion as follows
1. In comparison to the control, PSC patients showed a lower daily drinking coffee habit at the time of study and at the age of 18 years observed in men.
2. Every daily coffee drinker at the age of 18 years was independently and negatively associated with PSC.
These results showed that coffee intake may have a profound effect on protection against the development of PSC.
Taking all together, coffee and coffee caffeine may be considered as a functional beverage for improvement of a number of health benefits far more than those mentioned through its antioxidant properties and caffeine contents. Finally, if you are a coffee lover, as always, we recommended that you do not add sugar and high-fat dairy creams to your drinks.
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Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Patients' perceptions on the impact of coffee consumption in inflammatory bowel disease: friend or foe?--a patient survey by Barthel C1,2, Wiegand S3,4, Scharl S5, Scharl M6,7, Frei P8, Vavricka SR9, Fried M10, Sulz MC11,12, Wiegand N13,14, Rogler G15,16, Biedermann L17.(PubMed)
(2) Associations between diet and disease activity in ulcerative colitis patients using a novel method of data analysis by Magee EA1, Edmond LM, Tasker SM, Kong SC, Curno R, Cummings JH. (PubMed)
(3) Coffee and alcohol use and the risk of ulcerative colitis by Boyko EJ1, Perera DR, Koepsell TD, Keane EM, Inui TS.(PubMed)(4) The protective effect of coffee consumption on cutaneous melanoma risk and the role of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms by Fortes C1, Mastroeni S, Boffetta P, Antonelli G, Pilla MA, Bottà G, Anzidei P, Venanzetti F.(PubMed)
(5) Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption and melanoma risk: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies by Micek A1, Godos J2, Lafranconi A3, Marranzano M2, Pajak A1(PubMed).
(6) Coffee and caffeine intake and breast cancer risk: an updated dose-response meta-analysis of 37 published studies by Jiang W1, Wu Y, Jiang X.(PubMed)
(7) Coffee consumption and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers by Nkondjock A1, Ghadirian P, Kotsopoulos J, Lubinski J, Lynch H, Kim-Sing C, Horsman D, Rosen B, Isaacs C, Weber B, Foulkes W, Ainsworth P, Tung N, Eisen A, Friedman E, Eng C, Sun P, Narod SA.(PubMed)
(8) The CYP1A2 genotype modifies the association between coffee consumption and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 mutation carriers by Kotsopoulos J1, Ghadirian P, El-Sohemy A, Lynch HT, Snyder C, Daly M, Domchek S, Randall S, Karlan B, Zhang P, Zhang S, Sun P, Narod SA.(PubMed)
(9) Coffee and Depression: A Short Review of Literature by Tenore GC1, Daglia M, Orlando V, D'Urso E, Saadat SH, Novellino E, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM.(PubMed)
(10) [Coffee consumption in depressive disorders: it's not one size fits all].[Article in Italian] by Rusconi AC, Valeriani G, Carluccio GM, Majorana M, Carlone C, Raimondo P, Ripà S, Marino P, Coccanari de Fornari MA, Biondi M.(PubMed)
(11) Molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity effect of bioactive compounds in tea and coffee by Pan MH1, Tung YC2, Yang G3, Li S3, Ho CT4.(PubMed)
(12) Green coffee bean extract improves obesity by decreasing body fat in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by Choi BK1, Park SB2, Lee DR1, Lee HJ2, Jin YY3, Yang SH4, Suh JW5. (PubMed)
(13) Coffee consumption, obesity, and type 2 diabetes: a mini-review by Santos RM1, Lima DR2.(PubMed)(14) Coffee consumption and risk of the metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis by Shang F1, Li X1, Jiang X2.(PubMed)
(15) Association of daily coffee and tea consumption and metabolic syndrome: results from the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study by Grosso G1,2, Stepaniak U3, Micek A3, Topor-Mądry R3, Pikhart H4, Szafraniec K3, Pająk A3. (PubMed)
(16) Relation of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intake to gallstone disease in middle-aged Japanese men by Ishizuk H1, Eguchi H, Oda T, Ogawa S, Nakagawa K, Honjo S, Kono S.(PubMed)
(17) Systematic review with meta-analysis: coffee consumption and the risk of gallstone disease by Zhang YP1, Li WQ1, Sun YL1, Zhu RT1, Wang WJ1.(PubMed)
(18) A prospective study of coffee consumption and the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease in men by Leitzmann MF1, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA, Giovannucci E.(PubMed)
(19) Caffeine and menopausal symptoms: what is the association? by Faubion SS1, Sood R, Thielen JM, Shuster LT. (PubMed)
(20) Perceived control, lifestyle, health, socio-demographic factors, and menopause: impact on hot flashes and night sweats by Pimenta F1, Leal I, Maroco J, Ramos C.(PubMed)
(21) Modulatory effects of caffeine on oxidative stress and anxiety-like behavior in ovariectomized rats by Caravan I1,1, Sevastre Berghian A1,1, Moldovan R1,1, Decea N1,1, Orasan R1,1, Filip GA1,1.(PubMed)
(22) Natural Compounds in Cancer Prevention: Effects of Coffee Extracts and Their Main Polyphenolic Component, 5-O-Caffeoylquinic Acid, on Oncogenic Ras Proteins by Palmioli A1, Ciaramelli C1, Tisi R1,2, Spinelli M1, De Sanctis G1, Sacco E1,3, Airoldi C1,2,3.(PubMed)
(23) Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption and melanoma risk: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies by Micek A1, Godos J2, Lafranconi A3, Marranzano M2, Pajak A1. (PubMed)
(24) Associations of Coffee Drinking and Cancer Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study-II by Gapstur SM1, Anderson RL2, Campbell PT2, Jacobs EJ2, Hartman TJ3, Hildebrand JS4, Wang Y2, McCullough ML2.(PubMed)
(25) The coffee paradox in stroke: Increased consumption linked with fewer strokes by Liebeskind DS1, Sanossian N2, Fu KA2, Wang HJ3, Arab L4(PubMed)
(2) Coffee consumption and risk of stroke in women by Lopez-Garcia E1, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rexrode KM, Logroscino G, Hu FB, van Dam RM. (PubMed)
(26) Reduced coffee consumption among individuals with primary sclerosing cholangitis but not primary biliary cirrhosis by Lammert C1, Juran BD1, Schlicht E1, Xie X2, Atkinson EJ2, de Andrade M2, Lazaridis KN3.(PubMed)
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