Kyle J. Norton
The women's breasts are made up of specialized tissue that produces milk (glandular tissue) and fatty tissue. The size of a woman's breast is totally determined by the amount of fat.
Breast density is a term that refers to relatively high amounts of glandular tissue and fibrous connective tissue and relatively low amounts of fatty tissue in the breast seen by a mammogram.
Besides genetic preposition, younger age women, women with a lower-body max index, and taking hormone therapy in menopausal women have been found to have higher breast density.
Epidemiologically, women who have a high breast density are at an increased risk of breast cancer. Therefore, this group of women is recommended to have regular mammogram testing beginning at age 40 and consider repeating the screening annually.
Breast cancer is a medical condition associated with abnormal cell growth in the breast tissue due to the alternation of cell DNA.
Most cases of breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the tissues of the breast either from the milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk.
At the early stage of breast cancer, most patients experience the forming of lumps or modules on the breast or nearby breast tissue.
However, at the later stage, patients may experience symptoms of swelling of all or part of a breast, breast or nipple pain, nipple retraction, and large lumps on the breast.
Some invasive breast cancer in this stage can also induce secondary metastasis through the blood and fluids circulation.
According to the statistic, women diagnosed with breast cancer at stages 0 and 1 have 5 years of survival rate of 100%. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of a woman is 1/8.
Omega-3 fatty acids are phytochemicals in the class of lipids, found abundantly in deepsea fisk, dark-green leafy vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, etc.
The three main components of Omega-3 fatty acids are alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
In finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of breast cancer, researchers compared the effects of Lovaza (n-3FA) on breast density in obese and nonobese women.
According to the Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) method used to analyze plasma from obese and lean women at each time point (baseline, 12 and 24 months, n = 10 per group), several differentially expressed proteins (hemopexin precursor, vitamin D binding protein isoform 1 precursor [VDBP], fibronectin isoform 10 precursors [FN], and α-2 macroglobulin precursor [A2M]) associated with inflammatory expression and breast cancer risk.
More precisely, according to the Western blot analysis, n-3FA administration alters the expression of parameters associated with inflammation and exerted tumor protective activity in obese, including the aforementioned proteins.
Moreover, the posthoc analysis also revealed that n-3FA administration reduced BD selectively in obese postmenopausal women.
Taken altogether, Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish oil and plant oil may be considered a functional food for the prevention of breast cancer by reducing breast density, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of Omega-3 fatty acids in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Omega-3 Fatty Acids Responsive Proteins and Reduction in Breast Density in Obese Postmenopausal Women by Sun YW, Xu H, Benitez G, Chen KM, Stanley A, Stanley B, Zhu J, Thompson H, Manni A1, El-Bayoumy K. (PubMed)
(2) Influence of Obesity on Breast Density Reduction by Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Evidence from a Randomized Clinical Trial by Sandhu N1, Schetter SE2, Liao J3, Hartman TJ4, Richie JP5, McGinley J6, Thompson HJ6, Prokopczyk B5, DuBrock C7, Signori C1, Hamilton C8, Calcagnotto A3, Trushin N5, Aliaga C9, Demers LM8, El-Bayoumy K9, Manni A. (PubMed)
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