Kyle J. Norton
Diarrhea is a condition of frequent bowel movements with three loose or liquid each day. A prolonged period of diarrhea may result in dehydration due to fluid loss.
Acute diarrhea, healing on its own is a common problem caused by viruses that may last a few days. The most common causes of acute diarrhea are rotavirus in children and norovirus in adults.
Persistent diarrhea that lasts more than 4 weeks is considered chronic diarrhea.
Chronic diarrhea is a medical condition caused by impaired digestion of fats due to low production of pancreatic enzymes and impaired absorption of fats due to small intestinal diseases, including lactose, sorbitol, fructose intolerance, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Certain medications such as antibiotics, dietary changes, infected with bacteria or viruses are some of the most common factors associated with an increased risk of diarrhea.
Infections by bacteria such as Salmonella or Escherichia coli are the most common causes of acute diarrhea. Patients with acute diarrhea usually are recovered within a week or 2 with or without medication.
However, patients with some bowel diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease also frequently experience chronic conditions, which can not be cured unless the diseases are treated.
In some cases, chronic frequent and severe diarrhea can be a sign of intestinal disease or a functional bowel disorder.
The most common symptoms of diarrhea include loose, watery stools. abdominal pain and gastrointestinal discomforts. In severe cases, patients may also experience symptoms of fever and blood in the stool.
Some researchers suggested that symptoms of diarrhea accompanied by blood in the stool are also a sign of colon cancer.
Oleanolic acid is a phytochemical in the subclass of Triterpenoid, belonging to the group of Terpenes found abundantly in honey mesquite, garlic, java apple, clove, etc.
In finding a potential plant that improves digestive functioning, researchers examined the effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on Salmonella typhimurium (S.T), a common cause of acute, self-limiting food-borne diarrhea with severe intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage.
The study included a total of eighty BALB/c mice (4-week-old) that were randomly divided into the control group (no S.T, no OA), the S.T group (S.T only), the S.T + OA group (S.T plus 100 mg kg-1 OA) and the OA group (100 mg kg-1 OA only).
According to the results of the analysis,
* Compared with the S.T group, OA administration significantly reduced clinical symptoms and weight loss, and the severity of diarrhea and intestinal structural damage was significantly alleviated observed by a decrease in the diarrhea index (DI) and jejunal histological damage.
* In the infected jejunum, OA maintained the expression and localization of occludin, claudin-1, and ZO-1 to protect the jejunal barrier.
* OA treatment not only reduced the levels of COX-2 and iNOS but also inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.
* A treatment significantly inhibited IκB phosphorylation and degradation against the intestinal tissues.
* OA also decreased the level of TLR4 associated with inflammatory cytokines and the activation of the MAPK pathway in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Collectively, researchers said, "OA can maintain the intestinal tight junction barrier and prevent diarrhea caused by S.T.".
Taken altogether, oleanolic acid may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of liver diarrhea, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Oleanolic acid enhances tight junctions and ameliorates inflammation in Salmonella typhimurium-induced diarrhea in mice via the TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK pathway by Dong N1, Xue C1, Zhang L1, Zhang T1, Wang C1, Bi C1, Shan A. (PubMed).
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