Kyle J. Norton
Infection is a condition caused by a harmful microbial invasion of the body tissues.
A viral infection is a disease caused by the successful entering and multiplying of a virus in the body.
Anti-viral effects are the act of certain substances to cause the destruction of a virus.
In the acute phase of viral infection, depending on the types of viruses, the viruses after entering the body start to attack the specific host cells.
Similar to bacterial infection, both infections shared common characteristics by spreading through coughing and sneezing and contact with infected people, especially through kissing and sex.
However, the virus may also cause infection by entering the body through wounds and cuts. Most viruses are killed in the acute phase of the infection.
During this phase, the immune system stimulates the constriction of blood vessels in speeding up the production of blood palettes to cover the wound and the production of inflammatory cytokines to the site of infection to fight off bacterial and viral invasion.
The most common viruses that cause infection are hepatitis A, B, and human papillomavirus (HPV) influenza. mumps, and rubella. People with a weakened immune system are susceptible to acute and chronic viral infections.
The cold and flu virus will attack the cells in the respiratory system and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, will attack the white blood cells of the immune system,
The viral infection has been known to carry over some different stages, after successfully attaching to the host cell, the virus releases its mRNA into the host cell, leading to the recruitment of the host cell's enzymes to accelerate the viral multiplying, then breaking free from the host cell to start the cycle all over again.
In the battle between the immune white blood cell and viral invaders in most cases and in the flavor of the side of the immune system, the invaders are killed and the infection is healed.
In finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, scientists examined the antiviral activity of Sambucus FormosanaNakai ethanol extract on human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63).
Elder or Common Elder is a shrub or small tree of the genus Sambucus of 30 species, belonging to the family Adoxaceae, native to the temperate-to-subtropical regions of both the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
The herb has been used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat constipation, colic, diarrhea, colds, flu, bronchial and upper respiratory, irritation of the skin, rheumatism, etc.
According to the tested analysis,
* The extract was less cytotoxic and concentration-dependently increased anti-HCoV-NL63 activities, including cytopathicity, sub-G1 fraction, virus yield (IC50 = 1.17 μg/ml), plaque formation (IC50 = 4.67 μg/ml) and virus attachment (IC50 = 15.75 μg/ml).
* Among the phenolic acid constituents in Sambucus FormosanaNakai extract, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid sustained the anti-HCoV-NL63 activity that was ranked in the following order of virus yield reduction: caffeic acid (IC50 = 3.54 μM) > chlorogenic acid (IC50 = 43.45 μM) > coumaric acid (IC50 = 71.48 μM).
* Caffeic acid significantly inhibited the replication of HCoV-NL63 in a cell-type independent manner and blocked the virus attachment (IC50 = 8.1 μM).
Based on the results, researchers suggest, "Sambucus Formosana Nakai stem ethanol extract displayed the strong anti-HCoV-NL63 potential; caffeic acid could be the vital component with anti-HCoV-NL63 activity. The finding could be helpful for developing antivirals against HCoV-NL63".
Taken altogether, Elder may be considered a remedy for the treatment of viral infection, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Antiviral activity of Sambucus FormosanaNakai ethanol extract and related phenolic acid constituents against human coronavirus NL63 by Weng JR1, Lin CS2, Lai HC3, Lin YP4, Wang CY4, Tsai YC4, Wu KC5, Huang SH6, Lin CW7. (PubMed)
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