Eggplant may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and treatment of Fibrosarcoma some scientists suggested.
Eggplant is a species of S. melongena with deep purple color, belongings to the family Solanaceae and native to India, cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory.
Fibrosarcoma is the medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the fibrous connective tissue. The tumor can be classified into a low grade, intermediate malignancy, and high malignancy, depending on different degrees of differentiation:
In the investigation of eggplant (Solanum melongena var. marunasu) extract activity on human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell lines, researchers at the Gifu Pharmaceutical University found that delphinidin, a flavonoid pigment containing in the peel, does not affect tumor cell cells interact and attach to a surface, substrate or another cell to the basement membrane matrix Matrigel (MG) to initiate the tumor cells proliferation or migration, but modulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 secreted by the tumor cell, thus reducing risk of the matrices in stimulated cancer cell growth and tumor expansion.
Basement Membrane Matrix is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma.
The function of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 are to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) which plays an essential role in the collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells to provide structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
In vivo, the basement membrane matrix Matrigel (MG) has been used to measure the angiogenic inhibitors and stimulators, repair damaged tissues, and increase tumor growth in some cancer experiments.
Further differentiation of delphinidin in cancer risk insisted that the chemical constituents also restained cancer cell invasion through reduced expression of inhibited serum- and vascular endothelium growth factor(VEGF) in the induction of making new blood vessel to provide nutrients and oxygen for proliferation and cancer progression.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics by promoting proliferation secreted by various human cancers.
Moreover, researchers also indicated that the efficacy of anti-cancer cell activity of delphinidin was attributed to the function of phytochemical in triggering extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) in regulated cancer cell cycle division, including meiosis, mitosis, and post mitosis.
The in-depth analysis also discovered that delphinidin isolated from eggplant also activated the independent of nitric oxide pathway in the suppression of cancer cell progression by initiated cell cycle arrest in the G(0)/G(1) phase.
Interestingly, gallic acid and anthocyanins, the bioactive chemical constituents isolated from eggplant and other fruits and vegetables in the study of human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 suggested that injection of gallic acid and anthocyanins derivative delphinidin-3-glucoside demonstrated a significant activity in the induction of cell apoptosis through cytotoxicity.
According to the Zymographic analysis, gallic acid exerted the anti-cancer cell growth and tumor invasiveness through inhibited the secretion and activation of gelatinase proteases in breaking down protein into its building blocks, amino acids of MMP to activate cancer progression and metastasis by the tumor.
In human, gelatinases are expressed by matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9.
Importantly, gallic acid also ameliorated cancer progression through inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 same as the effectiveness as delphinidin involved in the anti-angiogenic activity.
Taken together, eggplant with abundant bioactive chemical compounds such as gallic acid and anthocyanins may be used as functional food for reduced risk and treatment of fibrosarcoma, depending to further investigation.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299
Sources
(1) Inhibitory effect of delphinidin from Solanum melongena on human fibrosarcoma-1080 invasiveness in vitro by Nagase H1, Sasaki K, Kito H, Haga A, Sato T.(PubMed)
(2) Delphinidin inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through a transient activation of ERK-1/-2 by Martin S1, Favot L, Matz R, Lugnier C, Andriantsitohaina R.(PubMed)
(3) Dietary gallic acid and anthocyanin cytotoxicity on human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. A study on the mode of action by Filipiak K1, Hidalgo M, Silvan JM, Fabre B, Carbajo RJ, Pineda-Lucena A, Ramos A, de Pascual-Teresa B, de Pascual-Teresa S.(PubMed)
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