Kyle J. Norton
Green tea may have a potential possibility in the cure of pulmonary fibrosis induced by overexpression of free radicals.
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive condition of lung disease characterized by reduced numbers and increased stiffness of air sac in the lungs (alveoli), affecting the lung breathing function to provide enough oxygen into the bloodstream
Green tea is a precious drink that processed a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.
In the evaluation of green tea extract efficacy in pulmonary fibrosis caused by direct injury due to overexpression of oxygen free radicals and inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in mice model with injection of Paraquat (0.3 mg/kg) into the right lungs of rats, after 2 weeks, then assigned the tested mice to group treated by green tea extract or nontreatment groups and a control group treated by saline, after assessment, researchers found that
* Nontreatment group exerts a significant expression of pulmonary fibrosis, observed by contents of light microscopic morphometry and hydroxyproline and over the capacity of ROS observed by the lipid peroxidation assay.
Light microscopic morphometry is a valuable technique in the analysis of precancerous lesions at the light and electron microscopic level, in this case, it is pulmonary fibrosis.
Further examination also discovered that nontreatment mice group displays a pronouncedly increased
levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an indication of overexpression of free radicals in induction of oxidative stress caused by ROS chain reaction and endothelin (ET)-1, and prepro-ET-1 mRNA expression, a strong indication of the endothelium signals of vasoconstriction and local cellular growth and survival of air sac cells in the lungs (alveoli).
Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of oxidative stress
Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor
Compared to nontreatment and saline groups, green tea administered 1% GTE mixed with feed group shows a significant decrease in pulmonary fibrosis, along with decreases in MDA, ET-1, and prepro-ET-1 mRNA expression
The results suggested that green tea inhibitory oxidative activity in reduced expression of pulmonary fibrosis through the promoted production of antioxidants and antioxidants from the host to restore the ratio of antioxidant and free radicals and decreased the facilitation of proinflammatory cytokines in precipitated damage and apoptosis of lung cells and fibroblasts.
Dr. Kim HR, the lead author, after taking into account of other confounders said, "GTE inhibits paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppression of oxidative stress and ET-1 expression".
Additional study of the neutrophils in the site of infection in initiated host defense and inflammation for pulmonary fibrosis development by the Medical School of Padova, revealed that application of green tea (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) strongly inhibits neutrophil elastase by repressing the reactive oxygen species activity in the induction of apoptosis of activated neutrophils.
In vitro, administration of EGCG dramatically inhibited chemokine expression, and secondary pro-inflammatory mediators induced by primary pro-inflammatory in activated neutrophil chemotaxis in the migration of neutrophils of the immune system to the site of infection.
Importantly, the injection of green tea EGCG also demonstrated a significant effect by blocking neutrophil-mediated angiogenesis in vivo by the initiated growth of new blood vessels to stimulate and fuel the ongoing lung cell damage and death of the cell in the alveoli.
This differentiation constituted a substantial and protective effect in enhanced resolution in a pulmonary inflammation model and significantly reduced consequent fibrosis.
Dr. Donà M, at the end of the analysis, said, "These results provide molecular and cellular insights into the claimed beneficial properties of green tea and indicate that EGCG is a potent anti-inflammatory compound with therapeutic potential".
The above analysis of green tea effect in protect the lung against the development of pulmonary fibrosis caused by free radical chain reaction and overproduction of pro-inflammatory factors were supported by the study of "the protective effect of green tea extract (GTE), curcumin, against N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on experimentally induced pulmonary fibrosis" by Cairo University.
According to the study, the application of curcumin (200 mg/kg b.w), GTE (150 mg/kg b.w), and NAC (490 mg/kg b.w) orally for 14 days with concomitant administration of cyclophosphamide (CP), revealed a strong activity in inhibited oxidative stress and lung myeloperoxidase activity observed in animals of the CP group.
Cyclophosphamide is a chemo drug used to suppress the immune system.
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a highly oxidative enzyme.
The treatment group also decreased the levels of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, leukotriene C₄, and protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a demonstration of overreaction of immune response in the induction of inflammation through inhibited production of proinflammatory cytokines (growth factor-β, interleukin -1β, and histamine) in initiated lung injury and induced apoptosis of lung cells.
N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase) in the analysis of kidney disease including nephrotoxicity.
Leukotriene C₄ is a leukotriene produced and secreted by eosinophils on activation.
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is used to analyze interstitial lung diseases.
Protein abundance levels in BALF is a marker of lung diseases.
Taken together, green tea and its bioactive polyphenols may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis through reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory effect in elevated risk and progression of the disease.
However, further data collection on studies performed with human consumption of green tea during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of its potential in ameliorating pulmonary fibrosis possibilities.
Intake of green tea supplements should be taken with exceptional care, as acute liver toxicity was reported in several medical literature.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Neutrophil restraint by green tea: inhibition of inflammation, associated angiogenesis, and pulmonary fibrosis by Donà M1, Dell'Aica I, Calabrese F, Benelli R, Morini M, Albini A, Garbisa S.(PubMed)
(2) Green tea extract inhibits paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppression of oxidative stress and endothelin-l expression by Kim HR1, Park BK, Oh YM, Lee YS, Lee DS, Kim HK, Kim JY, Shim TS, Lee SD(PubMed)
(3) Modulatory effects of curcumin and green tea extract against experimentally induced pulmonary fibrosis: a comparison with N-acetyl cysteine by Hamdy MA1, El-Maraghy SA, Kortam MA(PubMed)
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