Tuesday 11 July 2023

#Greentea's EGCG Inhibits Gene Expression and Mycobacterium Survival within Macrophage Associated with the Onset of #Tuberculosis, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reducing the risk and progression and treatment of tuberculosis (TB), some scientists suggested.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Commonly, the bacteria attacked the lung tissue but also can cause major damage to other parts of the body.

Green tea is a precious drink that processed a number of health benefits and is known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

According to statistics, 25% of the world's population is infected with TB. In 2016, 10.4 million people around the world became sick with the disease induced 1.7 million deaths.

In the investigation of the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the risk of tuberculosis of a total of 200 newly diagnosed cases of AFB-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, with 100 patients randomly received catechin (500 microg) with antitubercular treatment (ATT) (cases) and the other 100 received starch (500 microg) with ATT (control), researchers at the Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University found that CTN treatment group exerted a significant activity in reduced levels of free radical expression through reduced oxidative stress in compared to control, observed by analysis of the blood samples.

Further analysis suggested that the green tea CTN treatment group restored the balanced antioxidant and free radicals ratio by stimulating the production of levels of enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and nonenzymatic antioxidant (total thiol, reduced glutathione) levels and significantly decreased expression of free radicals (lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide).

These results re-constituted the efficacy of crude catechin extract as adjuvant therapy in the management of oxidative stress seen in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.


Moreover, in monitoring, the extent of oxidative stress in mice infected with M tuberculosis and the role of crude green tea extract in repairing the oxidative damage by dividing them into three groups of normal, infected-untreated, and infected-treated with 9 members in each group, scientists indicated that infectious untreated group exerted a significant enhancement of antioxidants produced by the natural defense of the body such as erythrocytic catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities along with elevated levels of free radical defenders such as erythrocytic total thiols but decreased levels of antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione in erythrocytes and increased levels of free radicals plasma lipid peroxidation as compared to normal animals as expected.


These results suggested that non-CTN tested mice exerted the protection against the application of infectious agents selectively either through an expression of natural antioxidants produced by the body or antioxidants produced by the body were inhibited by the injection substance.

Importantly, ingestion of green tea CTN upon 7 days in the infectious mice group completely restored the normal values of antioxidants and ROS ratio observed by the oxidative stress parameters.

In other words, the green tea treatment group showed an increased catalase, glutathione peroxidase, total thiol, and decreased extent of lipid peroxidation with a concomitant increase in the levels of SOD and glutathione in infected animals, thus reducing the development of tuberculosis risk.

The above differentiation was supported by the Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Chandigarh in the study to determine whether or not polyphenols derived from green tea could down-regulate TACO gene transcription in reduced uptake/survival of M. tuberculosis within macrophages.

According to the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and reporter assay technology, the application of a major component of green tea EGCG reduced expression of TACO gene transcription within human macrophages through its ability in inhibited Sp1 transcription factor in blocking the mycobacterial entry/survival within human macrophages in the initiation of infectious cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, immune responses.


Dr. Anand PK, the lead author, said, "The down-regulation of TACO gene expression by epigallocatechin-3-gallate was accompanied by inhibition of mycobacterium survival within macrophages as assessed through flow cytometry and colony counts" and "epigallocatechin-3-gallate may be of importance in the prevention of tuberculosis infection".


Taken together, green tea and its bioactive polyphenols in attenuated risk and treatment of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis may contribute significantly to the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in third-world countries where conventional medicine is scarce or unaffordable to the general population.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Effect of green tea extract (catechins) in reducing oxidative stress seen in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis on DOTS Cat I regimen by Agarwal A1, Prasad R, Jain A.(PubMed)
(2) Protective effect of green tea extract against the erythrocytic oxidative stress injury during mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice by Guleria RS1, Jain A, Tiwari V, Misra MK. (PubMed)
(3) Green tea polyphenol inhibits Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival within human macrophages by Anand PK1, Kaul D, Sharma M.(PubMed)

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