Saturday, 22 July 2023

#Diterpenoid C Extract in Herbal #Turmeric Inhibits Bacteria Associated with the Risk of #Gastritis, Scientists Find

Kyle J. Norton

Gastritis is a group of conditions associated with the inflammation of the lining of the stomach caused by infection of the bacterium, leading to stomach ulcers developing.
A stomach ulcer is an open sore in the lining of the stomach. In most cases, it is a result of bacterial infection that leads to the erosion of the gastric lining by stomach acid.

Other causes of gastritis are long-term excessive alcohol consumption and the use of certain medications such as aspirin.

There are 2 types of gastritis
* Acute gastritis occurs suddenly as a result of inflammation or swelling in the lining of the stomach. and only affects the stomach and induces nausea or vomiting,

* Chronic gastritis is a condition that develops slowly due to chronic inflammation or damage of the stomach lining that has not healed.

Patients with chronic gastritis if untreated were found to have a substantial risk of stomach cancer.
The most common symptoms of gastritis are a burning sensation or pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and abnormal feeling of fullness in the upper abdomen after eating.


Out of many risk factors involved in the onset of the condition, some researchers in the observation of the correlation of high-fat diet-induced obesity over the past few decades, in the risk of gastritis wrote, "Obesity has become a major concern among gastroenterologists due to its large influence on gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases: reflux esophagitis, pancreatitis, gallstone disease, liver fibrosis, and neoplastic tumors of the esophagus, pancreas, and colon".

And, "the effects of obesity on endoscopic gastritis in subjects undergoing health check-up examination, and demonstrated that adiponectin, a bioactive molecule released from visceral fat, could be a protective factor of endoscopic gastritis".

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

In finding a potential ingredient for the treatment of gastric inflammation, researchers examined the effect of diterpenoid C extracted from radix curcumin on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected inflammation, and intestinal metaplasia.

The study included human gastric epithelial gastric epithelium cell line (GES-1) infected by I-type H. pylori treated with radix curcumae (RC)-derived diterpenoid C of different concentrations (5, 10, 20 μg/mL) and amoxicillin.

According to the MTT assay, IC5 of RC-derived diterpenoid C and amoxicillin of 5 μg/mL inhibited the progression rate of GES-1.

The combination also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and exhibited the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines associated with the injection of I-type H. pylori in the GES-1,
particularly, at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h points.

In other words, the combination protects the stomach against gastric inflammation by blocking the activation of a protein involved in the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "RC-derived diterpenoid C can block NF-κB signal pathway, effectively reducing the secretion of H. pylori-induced proinflammatory cytokine and increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine".

In Helicobacter pylori infection of the lining of the stomach induces an array of inflammatory cytokine production that leads to gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, researchers at the Uttaradit Hospital conducted an experiment to investigate the effect of curcumin on the production of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in gastric mucosa from H. pylori-infected gastritis patients.

Selected patients were randomly assigned to receive either OAM (Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, and Metronidazole) treatment and/or a course of curcumin.

According to the tested assays, curcumin alone may have a limited anti-bactericidal effect on H. pylori, and on the production of inflammatory cytokines compared to those of the OAM group.


However, the curcumin group showed significant relieving symptoms with a lower rate in the eradication rate of H. pylori and no decreased cytokine production.

Precisely, curcumin used alone has limited efficacy compared to that of the combination in reducing gastric inflammation.

Taken altogether, turmeric processed abundant bioactive ingredient curcumin may be combined with other conventional medicines for the prevention and treatment of gastric inflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Effects of radix curcumae-derived diterpenoid C on Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and nuclear factor kappa B signal pathways by Huang X1, Lv B, Zhang S, Dai Q, Chen BB, Meng LN. (PubMed)
(2) Investigation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Curcuma longa in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients by Koosirirat C1, Linpisarn S, Changsom D, Chawansuntati K, Wipasa J. (PubMed)
(3) Is obesity a new risk factor for gastritis? by Yamamoto S1, Watabe K, Takehara T. (PubMed)

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