Carrots may have a profound and positive effect in reducing the overexpression of reactive oxygen species that cause chronic diseases, through antioxidant activities, some scientists suggested.
An antioxidant is a substance characterized by its function in inhibiting oxidation, especially in balancing the ratio of free radicals and antioxidant levels in the body to prevent the initiation of oxidatively related diseases.
Chronic diseases are conditions that last longer than 3 months and can not cure by medication.
The diseases are most common in the aging population.
The most common chronic diseases are arthritis and cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and stroke. Cancer such as breast and colon cancer, and diabetes.
Sadly, in North America, the most common chronic disease is obesity, affecting over 28% of the general population. In other words, 1 in 3 adults is obese, according to a calculation by the BMI index.
The causes of chronic diseases are well established by epidemiological studies. There are a set of risk facts including unhealthy diet, physical inactivity,.... and tobacco use that induce preventable chronic illness through intermediate risk factors such as high blood pressure, and glucose levels, abnormal blood lipids, overweight, and obesity.
The major nonmodifiable risk factors that also cause chronic diseases are age and heredity.
Dr. George E. Hardy, Jr, the lead scientist in the study of "The Burden of Chronic Disease: The Future is Prevention" wrote, "Chronic diseases impose an enormous financial and societal burden on the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chronic diseases today account for 70% of the deaths of all Americans and 75% of this country’s annual health care costs" More importantly, "Unless we take steps now to deal effectively with chronic diseases, our nation is headed for a serious financial and quality-of-life crisis"(4).
Carrot, a root vegetable with an orange color is a subspecies of Daucus carota, belongings to the family Apiaceae, native to Asia and Europe.
The efficacy of carrots acting as an antioxidant to protect against oxidation was reported by a number of the institution including Texas A&M University and the University of Messina.
According to the investigation of phenolic antioxidants in three carrots cultivars (Navajo, Legend, and Choctaw) were studied under different wounding intensities (A/W) during storage, researchers found that carrot soluble phenolics exert a significant antioxidant capacity (AOX), and PAL activity to protect against increased with A/W for all cultivars.
In Intense wounding (23.5 cm(2)/g) induced a ∼2.5- and ∼12.4-fold displayed a strongly increased production of soluble phenolics and AOX, respectively, after 4 days compared to the whole and lesser wound carrots through the AOX synthesis of mainly chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid.
These results suggested that intentional carrot wounds may have a potential effect as an inexpensive rich source of phenolic antioxidants for the regular diet (with some resistance from the public), as Dr. Surjadinata BB, the lead author said, " By simply increasing wounding stress intensity, it is possible to enhance the biosynthesis of phenolic antioxidants".
Moreover, according to the investigation of the polyphenolic profile and biological properties of a black carrot crude extract (BCCE) through an in-depth analysis of the main polyphenolic effect in antioxidant and cytoprotective properties.
Black carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) is a valuable source of carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins.
The root vegetable contains also high amounts of anthocyanins in the expression of the characteristic of deep-purple color.
Anthocyanins are known as natural dyes used in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
According to the experiment, the application of black carrot crude extract (BCCE) demonstrated a strong antioxidant through free radical scavenging activity, observed in the hydrogen transfer-based assays (ORAC and β-carotene bleaching) and a significant increase in the cell viability.
The increase in the cell viability may be attributed to the extract in stimulated production of antioxidants of itself and antioxidants found in the body tissue of the host inhibited the overexpression of ROS, resulting in balancing the antioxidants and free radical ratio.
Furthermore, BCCE exhibited strong anti-angiogenic activity against free radicals in alternated DNA of healthy cells in the initiation of tumor proliferation, at the highest concentration assayed on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (50μg/egg).
Interestingly, ingestion of black carrot crude extract (BCCE) also promoted a cytoprotective effect against ROS in causing healthy cell damage and apoptosis.
The analysis of the above studies was supported by the joint investigation of purple carrot (PC) as a valuable source of antioxidants in modulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the gastrointestinal tract conducted by a number of institutes, led by the Poznań University of Life Sciences.
According to the end experiment, the application of purple carrot (PC) showed a strong effect in inhibited colonic cells in situ after allowing passage to the gastrointestinal tract.
At a dose of 1mg/mL, purple carrot exhibited intracellular ROS-inhibitory capacity observed by 18.4% decreased expression of reactive oxygen species ROS.
Moreover, at an inhibited rate of 20.7%, the extract demonstrated a significant protective effect against free radicals in damage to the DNA of colon mucosa cells.
After taking account of other confounders and re-examining the final results, Dr.Olejnik A, the lead scientist said, "PC extract is capable of colonic cells' protection against the adverse effects of oxidative stress".
Taken together, Carrots regardless of color with abundant bioactive phytochemicals may be considered as a functional food in reduced risk, progression, and treatment of oxidative-induced chronic diseases.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Biosynthesis of phenolic antioxidants in carrot tissue increases with wounding intensity by Surjadinata BB1, Cisneros-Zevallos L.(PubMed)
(2) Polyphenolic profile and biological activities of black carrot crude extract (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) by Smeriglio A1, Denaro M1, Barreca D1, D'Angelo V1, Germanò MP2, Trombetta D1.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant effects of gastrointestinal digested purple carrot extract on the human cells of colonic mucosa by Olejnik A1, Rychlik J2, Kidoń M3, Czapski J3, Kowalska K2, Juzwa W2, Olkowicz M2, Dembczyński R2, Moyer MP4. (PubMed)
(4) The Burden of Chronic Disease: The Future is Prevention Introduction to Dr. James Marks' presentation, “The Burden of Chronic Disease and the Future of Public Health” by George E. Hardy, Jr., MD, MPH, Executive Director(PMC)
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