Friday, 4 February 2022

Broccoli Induces Lung Cancer Cells Apoptosis in Vitro and Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

The lung is a vital organ of the human being, located near the backbone on either side of the heart with functions of inhaling oxygen from the air then transporting them to the bloodstream to nourish the body cells' need and exhaling carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.

Lung cancer is a condition of the abnormal growth of the cells in the lung's tissue. The most common forms of primary lung cancers are derived from epithelial cells.

At the early stage, people with lung cancer may experience symptoms of a cough that doesn't go away, coughing up blood, even a small amount, shortness of breath, chest pain and unintended weight loss.

However, at the advanced stage, the cancer cell from the lung can travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organs through the circulation of fluid and blood, leading to the secondary metastasis.

The exact cause of lung cancer is not identified. However, epidemiologically, smoking, second smoke, exposure to certain chemicals, family history, people who have lung disease and excessive drinking are some prevalent factors associated with lung cancer developing.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of death in both men and women. Lung cancer accounts for 26.7% of all deaths from cancer and 6.5% of all mortality.

According to the statistics provided by the American cancer society, lung cancer accounts for 14% of all new cancers diagnosed in the US. In 2018, there were about 234,030 new cases of lung cancer (121,680 in men and 112,350 in women). Lung cancer also causes the death of 83,550 in men and 70,500 in women in the same year.

The 5-year survival rate for people with stage IB NSCLC is about 68%.

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae. The veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color with a mass of flower heads surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant from the continent of Europe.

On finding a potential wholefood for the treatment of cancer researchers examined the effect of sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate isolated from broccoli on lung cancer.

In vitro, A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells treated with SFN for 48h showed a decrease of HDAC activity and increase of the levels of acetylated histones H3 and H4 associated with cellular proliferation in both lung cancer cells.

SFN also promoted the activity of genes involved in the induction of apoptosis, an increase of accumulation of cells at G0/G1 and G2/M and arrest cells at S phase.

In vivo, SFN suppressed lung cancer growth in a xenograft mouse model.

Based on the evidence, researchers said, " the chemopreventive effect of SFN is associated with inhibition of HDAC activity, thereby attenuating lung cancer growth. Therefore, these findings suggest that SFN may be a therapeutic agent for lung cancer through the inhibition of HDAC".

Taken altogether, broccoli processed a high amount of SFN may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Sulforaphane suppresses in vitro and in vivo lung tumorigenesis through downregulation of HDAC activity by Jiang LL1, Zhou SJ1, Zhang XM2, Chen HQ2, Liu W. (PubMed)

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