Antioxidant Beta-Sitosterol Induces Apoptosis of Colon Cancer Cells in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

The colon is also known as the large intestine.
Cancer is a class of chronic diseases associated with irregular cell growth in the tissues of the affected organ.

Colon cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progressing in a predictable way.

Most cases of primary colon cancer start in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the colon. At the early stage. most patients with colon cancer do not experience any symptoms.

However, at the advanced stage, the tumor not only can spread to other healthy tissue and organs a distance away through blood and fluid circulation but also suppress the nearby tissue and nerve cells.

The progression of colon cancer at this stage not only induces symptoms of the change in bowel habits, the change in the consistency of your stool, that lasts longer than four weeks but also causes rectal bleeding and persistent abdominal severe pain.

According to the statistic by the American Cancer Society, in the US, 
97,220 new cases of colon cancer were diagnosed in 2018. The lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is 1 in 22 (4.49%) for men and 1 in 24 (4.15%) for women.

The causes of colon cancer are unknown but certain risk factors, such as genetic preposition and chronic inflammation induced by colonic diseases are associated with the onset of the disease.

Patients with the early stage of colon cancer, may not experience any symptoms. But as the tumor spread and expanse, it may suppress the nearby tissue and nerve, causing symptoms of locally severe pain and discomforts.

Although there are many risk factors associated with the early onset of colon cancer, a poor diet high in saturated fat and trans fat, red meat and processed foods have been found to play a major role in the development and recurrence of colon cancer in the Western world.

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors, researchers examined the anti-radical activity, cytotoxic on human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (COLO 320 DM).

According to the experimental analysis, beta-sitosterol exerted a significant dose-dependent growth inhibition of COLO 320 DM cells at IC50 and a dose of 266.2 microM,

Furthermore, beta-sitosterol also induced apoptosis by scavenging reactive oxygen species and suppressed the expression of beta-catenin and PCNA antigens in human colon cancer cells.

Moreover, in vivo, the beta-sitosterol supplementation reduced the number of aberrant crypt and crypt multiplicity in DMH-initiated rats in a dose-dependent manner with no toxic effects.

More importantly, the doses of 10-20 mg/kg b.w. beta-sitosterol had chemopreventive potential by virtue of its radical quenching ability in vitro, with minimal toxicity to normal cells.

Taken altogether, beta-sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Chemopreventive potential of beta-Sitosterol in experimental colon cancer model--an in vitro and In vivo study by Baskar AA1, Ignacimuthu S, Paulraj GM, Al Numair KS. (PubMed)