Tuesday 8 March 2016

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: Herbal formula Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia


                      Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the ages of 40, causing diminished quality of life of many elders(1). According to CDC, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affects over 52 millions of adults in the US alone, including 294,000 children under age 18 with some form of arthritis or rheumatic conditions(2). Rheumatoid Arthritis can induced bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation(4). A cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes(4a).


                          The Treatment

B. Treatment in herbal and traditional Chinese medicine

B.9. The herbal formulas in herbal and traditional Chinese medicine
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common worldwide public health problem especially in China, many RA formula has been used in the clinic and some of these TCM formulas have been existed over thousands of years in ancient China(388) with potential mechanisms such as inhibited osteoclast proliferation, suppressed fibroblast, decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines, blocking signal pathways, etc.).
3. Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan
Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan, the herbal formula has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for pain relief, including rheumatoid arthritis. According to Dr. Yu H and research team at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, it also used for treatment for RA due to its affects on several pathways such as immune response ( T cell proliferative and cytokine responses)(393), inflammation( proinflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-1β (393), cellular proliferation and apoptosis, and metabolic processes of which related to the onset ond progression of the disease(392). In arthritic bone damage in adjuvant arthritis (AA) model of RA, Huo-luo-xiao-ling dan (HLXL) suppressed inflammatory arthritis and reduced bone and cartilage damage in the joints of arthritic Lewis rats, through protection against bone damage via inhibition of mediators of osteoclastic bone remodeling (394).
Furhtermore, the study from DR. Nanjundaiah SM and research team at the University of Maryland School of Medicine also found that the herbal formula expressed inhibition of symptoms of RA through a significant reduction in the levels of chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and GRO/KC), MMPs (MMP 2 and 9), as well as cytokines (IL-6 and IL-17) by by suppressing the mediators of immune pathology(395)



References
(1) 8 Areas of Age-Related Change(NIH)
(2) Arthritis-Related Statistics(CDC)
(3) Valgus deformities of the feet and characteristics of gait in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis by Keenan MA1, Peabody TD, Gronley JK, Perry J.(PubMed)
(4) Serum Sclerostin Level Among Egyptian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Relation to Disease Activity ,Bone Mineral Density and Radiological Grading by Mehaney DA, Eissa M, Anwar S, El-Din SF(PubMed)
(4a) Death rates and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study by Sihvonen S1, Korpela M, Laippala P, Mustonen J, Pasternack A(PubMed)
(392) Microarray analysis reveals the molecular basis of antiarthritic activity of huo-luo-xiao-ling dan by Yu H1, Lee DY, Nanjundaiah SM, Venkatesha SH, Berman BM, Moudgil KD(PubMed)
(392) Suppression of ongoing experimental arthritis by a chinese herbal formula (huo-luo-xiao-ling dan) involves changes in antigen-induced immunological and biochemical mediators of inflammation by Yang YH1, Rajaiah R, Lee DY, Ma Z, Yu H, Fong HH, Lao L, Berman BM, Moudgil KD.(PubMed)
(394) Chinese Herbal Formula Huo-Luo-Xiao-Ling Dan Protects against Bone Damage in Adjuvant Arthritis by Modulating the Mediators of Bone Remodeling by Nanjundaiah SM1, Lee DY, Berman BM, Moudgil KD.(PubMed)
(395) Modified huo-luo-xiao-ling dan suppresses adjuvant arthritis by inhibiting chemokines and matrix-degrading enzymes by Nanjundaiah SM1, Lee DY, Ma Z, Fong HH, Lao L, Berman BM, Moudgil KD.(PubMed)







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