Tocopherols Promote Cytotoxicity in the Sensitive and Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells

By Kyle J. Norton


Cancer is the class of diseases associated with the growth of the cells disorderly and uncontrollably due to the alternation of DNA.

Most cases of cancer begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining tissues of the organ or gland. At the early stage, most cancers are asymptomatic.

However, at the advanced stage, most cancers not can induce common symptoms such as gastrointestinal discomforts, unintended weight loss, loss of appetite and fatigue but also localized symptoms depending on the affected tissues and organs.

Cancers at this stage also can travel a distance away from the original site to induce secondary metastasis.

According to the statistics provided by the American cancer society, in 2018,1,735,350 new cases were diagnosed, representing more than 4,700 new cancer diagnoses each day.
The lifetime probability of being diagnosed with cancer is 39.7% for men and 37.6% for women.

Compared to all cancers, lung, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers are the most common cancer in the US.

Drug-resistant cancer is a type of cancer that process chemotherapy resistance ability.

In other words, rug-resistant cancer processes the ability to survive and grow despite anti-cancer therapies. In some cases, cancers can evolve resistance to multiple drugs, called multiple drug resistance.

Cancer that responds to treatment with anticancer drugs is called sensitive-drug cancer.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the effect of the encapsulated tocopheryl succinate (PTX) loaded with PSST micelles (PTX/PSST-M) which are designed to display synergistic functions in anticancer activities.

According to the analysis,
* PTX/PSST-M showed significantly increased cytotoxicity against PTX-resistant human ovarian cancer A2780/PTX cells for 48 h,
* The efficacy was attributed to the equivalent IC50 value of PTX that was reduced from 61.51 to 0.49 μmol/L.

* Other contributors to the cytotoxic activity also included reducing the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, ATP depletion, ROS production, and activation of apoptotic pathways.

Additionally, researchers also found that the administration of PTX/PSST-M significantly increased cell apoptosis/necrosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in A2780/PTX cells.

After talking about other factors into account, researchers said, " These results demonstrate that the redox-responsive PSST micelles inhibit P-gp activity and have a good potential to effectively reverse PTX resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells by activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways".

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered an adjunct therapy in the treatment of drug-resistant cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Reversal of paclitaxel resistance in human ovarian cancer cells with redox-responsive micelles consisting of α-tocopheryl succinate-based polyphosphoester copolymers by Chen FQ1, Zhang JM1,2, Fang XF3, Yu H1, Liu YL4, Li H4, Wang YT1, Chen MW. (PubMed)