Friday, 18 October 2019

Turmeric Bioactive Compound Curcumin Blocks the Progression of Thyroid Cancer in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a group of medical and chronic diseases characterized by cells growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the tissue of specific organ in the body.

Over time, the alternative cells induced tumor may become progressively worse and damage other healthy tissues, depending on the grade of the tumor.

At the later stage, the most invasive tumor can induce secondary metastasis by spreading to other organs in the body via lymph or blood.

According to the National Cancer Institute, approximately 38.4% of men and women will be diagnosed with cancer at some points during their lifetimes, according to the data from 2013–2015.

 In 2017, an estimated 15,270 children and adolescents ages 0 to 19 were diagnosed with cancer and 1,790 died of the disease.

The thyroid, one of the largest endocrine glands found in the neck, below the Adam's Apple plays an essential role to regulate the use of energy, make of proteins and produce hormones.

Thyroid cancer, the medical condition caused alternation of the cells in the thyroid gland found 3 times more common in women compared to men, can be classified into 4 most common types
* Papillary thyroid cancer
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for over 80 percent of all cases. It tends to develop in the women age group between 30-40 years with the tendency to grow slowly.
Papillary thyroid cancer can be treated successfully if diagnosed early.

* Follicular thyroid cancer
Follicular thyroid cancer, the second most common thyroid cancer, accounting for over 15 % of all cases. It is a low growing cancer with peak onset from ages 40 through 60. 
Follicular thyroid cancer can be treated successfully if diagnosed early.

* Medullary thyroid cancer
Medullary thyroid cancer, the third most common thyroid cancer that makes up only 3 percent of all cases, arises from thyroid hormone producing cells with abnormally high levels of calcitonin. Medullary thyroid cancer tends to grow slowly but it can spread to distant parts of the body, if not treated early. 

* Anaplastic thyroid cancer
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is the rare case of thyroid cancer, accounting for less than 2 percent of all cases. It tends to grow and spread very quickly. 
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is deadly, with only 10% of survival rate, 3 years after diagnosed.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

On finding a potential ingredient for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the effect of curcumin on invasion and metastasis of thyroid cancers.

According to the tested differentiation, curcumin inhibited the multiple metastasis steps of K1 papillary thyroid cancer cells line.

At a dose-dependent manner,  curcumin also suppressed K1 cells viability, attachment, spreading, migration and invasion abilities.

Furthermore, curcumin could also inhibit the expression and activity of an enzyme associated with cancer cell proliferation.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " curcumin might be an effective tumouristatic agent for the treatment of aggressive papillary thyroid carcinomas".

Moreover, in human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cells, curcumin exerted anti thyroid cancer effect by increasing the expression of the tumor suppressor E-cadherin and decreasing the overexpression of vimentin found in various epithelial cancers.

Additionally, curcumin also blocked the activated transforming growth factor -β1 associated with the expression and activity of an enzyme associated with cancer cell proliferation.

Taken altogether, turmeric processed abundantly bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Curcumin inhibits metastasis in human papillary thyroid carcinoma BCPAP cells via down-regulation of the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway by Zhang L1, Cheng X2, Gao Y2, Zhang C3, Bao J2, Guan H4, Yu H2, Lu R5, Xu Q6, Sun Y. (PubMed)
(2) Curcumin inhibits invasion and metastasis in K1 papillary thyroid cancer cells by Zhang CY1, Zhang L, Yu HX, Bao JD, Sun Z, Lu RR. (PubMed)
(3) Thyroid Cancer by Kyle J. Norton

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