Bladder Stones (calculus) is a composed of mineral masses formed in
the bladder as a result of Concentrated, stagnant urinary, dehydrated
causes of crystallization. Small bladder stones in most cases, pass on
their own in the flow of urine.
Complications and Diseases associated with Bladder stone
1. Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis
In the study of included 9,269 cases who had received their first-time diagnosis
of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial
cystitis (BPS/IC) between 2006 and 2007 and 46,345 randomly selected
controls, BPS/IC was found to be significantly associated with prior urinary calculi (UC) regardless
of stone location; the adjusted ORs of kidney calculus, ureter
calculus, bladder
calculus, and unspecified calculus when compared to controls were 1.58
(95 % CI = 1.38-1.81), 1.73 (95 % CI = 1.45-2.05), 3.80 (95 %
CI = 2.18-6.62), and 1.83 (95 % CI = 1.59-2.11), respectively(15).
2. Irreducible uterine prolapse
A vesical calculus in a prolapsed cystocele is rare. There is a report
of case of irreducible total uterine prolapse caused by multiple vesical
calculi. Bladder stones were removed through vaginal cystolithotomy followed by vaginal hysterectomy(16).
3. Acute renal failure
There is a report of a 39-year-old man with repeated urinary tract infection and lower abdominal pain, kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) and IVU film showed a huge 450-g elliptical pelvic calculus that was surgically removed with excellent results(17).
4. Enterovesical fistula
Enterovesical fistula is a very rare complication of primary urological malignancies. A case of ileovesical fistula caused by a bladder carcinoma is presented. A 66-year-old male was referred with complaints of urinary pain. On admission, fecaluria and urinary tract infection with bladder stone
were detected. Cystography revealed the passage of contrast medium into
the small bowel. Under the diagnosis ofileovesical fistula due to
suspected inflammatory disease, sigmoidectomy and segmental small bowel
resection with partial cystectomy were performed. Histological
evaluation revealed a poorly differentiated urothelial carcinoma(18).
5. Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder
Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder
is an uncommon occurrence. There is a report of a 36-year-old man with complaints of pain and
progressive distension of abdomen and anuria for 2 days. His abdomen
was tense, tender and distended with free fluid. Blood urea was 340 mg%
and ascitic fluid urea was 337 mg%. An USG showed massive ascitis, a
large vesical calculus and a left renal
calculus, according to the study by University College of Medical
Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospita(19).
6. Etc.
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Sources
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895546
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17103181
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20033143
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131870
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17136584
Sunday, 1 December 2013
Bladder Stone (Vesical calculi) - The Risk factors
Bladder Stones (calculus) is a composed of mineral masses formed in
the bladder as a result of Concentrated, stagnant urinary, dehydrated
causes of crystallization. Small bladder stones in most cases, pass on
their own in the flow of urine.
Risk factors
1. Cystinuria
Cystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive disease. There is a report of an unusual cystine stone presented in 24-year-old man. Radiographs showed a giant bladder stone shadow, 8.0 x 10.0 x 5.0 cm in size(10).
2. Age and gender
If you are male and over 30 years of age, you are at increased risk of bladder stone. In the study of a series of 1,354 stones derived from urology departments in Western Algeria was studied by IRTF spectroscopy. Analysis of the results concerned the crystalline composition and anatomical site of the stones and the age and gender of the patients.found that the male/female ratio has remained almost constant at 2.23. The anatomical site has changed with a predominance in the upper tract (77.4% of stones). The nucleus showed that phosphates are predominant in 48.6% of cases versus 35.6% for oxalates. Carbapatite and struvite are more frequent in women, found in 50.8% and 6.7% of cases, respectively, than in man, found in 44.6% and 3.7% of cases, respectively. Calcium oxalate is predominantly found in the upper urinary tract (70.9%) rather than in the bladder (48.3%), regardless of gender. Calcium phosphate is more abundant in the upper tract of females with 23.7% of cases versus 10.7% in the bladder. It is equally distributed between the bladder and the upper tract in males (13.7% and 13.2%, respectively). Examination of the side affected by stones showed a predominance of the left side in both sexes.
4. Bladder outlet obstruction(11)
There is a report of a 48-year-old man was hospitalized with the chief complaints of lower abdominal pain, pain during micturation and pollakuria. Plain radiography showed 2 giant bladder stone shadows: one as 6.0 × 5.0 cm and the other one 5.0 × 5.0 cm in size. That were completely obstructing the bladder outlet and observed several years following pelvic traumahe(12). There are many causes of bladder outlet obstruction but enlarged prostate is one of primary risk factors.
6. Frequent bladder infections
Chronic bladder infections can lead to the formation of bladder stones.
7. Urinary track infection
Urinary tract infection can cause obstruction of the urinany flow that can lead to formation of bladder stone. Urinary tract bacterial infections are common in women. Moreover, they tend to recur throughout life and in the same relatively small group of women. In most cases, bladder and renal infections are asymptomatic and manifest by demonstrating coincidental bacteriuria. In some instances, however, especially with frequent sexual activity, pregnancy, stone disease, or diabetes, symptomatic cystitis or pyelonephritis develops and antimicrobial therapy is indicated(13)
8. Nutritional factors
In teh study to describe clinical cases of childhood bladder stones and associated risk factors. Forty children (9 girls), aged 1-14-years old, (means 4.7 +/- 0.5 years), who underwent surgical stone removal in the Saravane Provincial Hospital during a 13-month period, researchers at the Institut de la Francophonie pour la Médecine Tropicale, showed that the morbidity and social cost of childhood bladder stones may be high. A larger scale prospective and comparative study assessing their incidence and associated nutritional factors is warranted and feasible, and may lead to preventive measures(14).
9. Etc.
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Sources
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15198153
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16821346
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21806900
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260529
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15906634
Risk factors
1. Cystinuria
Cystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive disease. There is a report of an unusual cystine stone presented in 24-year-old man. Radiographs showed a giant bladder stone shadow, 8.0 x 10.0 x 5.0 cm in size(10).
2. Age and gender
If you are male and over 30 years of age, you are at increased risk of bladder stone. In the study of a series of 1,354 stones derived from urology departments in Western Algeria was studied by IRTF spectroscopy. Analysis of the results concerned the crystalline composition and anatomical site of the stones and the age and gender of the patients.found that the male/female ratio has remained almost constant at 2.23. The anatomical site has changed with a predominance in the upper tract (77.4% of stones). The nucleus showed that phosphates are predominant in 48.6% of cases versus 35.6% for oxalates. Carbapatite and struvite are more frequent in women, found in 50.8% and 6.7% of cases, respectively, than in man, found in 44.6% and 3.7% of cases, respectively. Calcium oxalate is predominantly found in the upper urinary tract (70.9%) rather than in the bladder (48.3%), regardless of gender. Calcium phosphate is more abundant in the upper tract of females with 23.7% of cases versus 10.7% in the bladder. It is equally distributed between the bladder and the upper tract in males (13.7% and 13.2%, respectively). Examination of the side affected by stones showed a predominance of the left side in both sexes.
4. Bladder outlet obstruction(11)
There is a report of a 48-year-old man was hospitalized with the chief complaints of lower abdominal pain, pain during micturation and pollakuria. Plain radiography showed 2 giant bladder stone shadows: one as 6.0 × 5.0 cm and the other one 5.0 × 5.0 cm in size. That were completely obstructing the bladder outlet and observed several years following pelvic traumahe(12). There are many causes of bladder outlet obstruction but enlarged prostate is one of primary risk factors.
6. Frequent bladder infections
Chronic bladder infections can lead to the formation of bladder stones.
7. Urinary track infection
Urinary tract infection can cause obstruction of the urinany flow that can lead to formation of bladder stone. Urinary tract bacterial infections are common in women. Moreover, they tend to recur throughout life and in the same relatively small group of women. In most cases, bladder and renal infections are asymptomatic and manifest by demonstrating coincidental bacteriuria. In some instances, however, especially with frequent sexual activity, pregnancy, stone disease, or diabetes, symptomatic cystitis or pyelonephritis develops and antimicrobial therapy is indicated(13)
8. Nutritional factors
In teh study to describe clinical cases of childhood bladder stones and associated risk factors. Forty children (9 girls), aged 1-14-years old, (means 4.7 +/- 0.5 years), who underwent surgical stone removal in the Saravane Provincial Hospital during a 13-month period, researchers at the Institut de la Francophonie pour la Médecine Tropicale, showed that the morbidity and social cost of childhood bladder stones may be high. A larger scale prospective and comparative study assessing their incidence and associated nutritional factors is warranted and feasible, and may lead to preventive measures(14).
9. Etc.
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Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Sources
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15198153
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16821346
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21806900
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16260529
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15906634
Bladder Stone (Vesical calculi) - The Causes
Bladder Stones (calculus) is a composed of mineral masses formed in
the bladder as a result of Concentrated, stagnant urinary, dehydrated
causes of crystallization. Small bladder stones in most cases, pass on
their own in the flow of urine.
B.1. Causes
1. Primary neurologic deficit
In the study of Medical management of urinary calculi in a stallion with breeding dysfunction, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, showed that the stallion may have had a primary neurologic deficit affecting bladder control and function that was causing calculi to form secondarily because of delay in movement of urine through the urinary tract(4).
2. Urinary tract calculi and infections
Urinary tract calculi and infections are common causes of presentation to the emergency department. Computed tomography kidney-ureter-bladder is the initial imaging study of choice in patients presenting with symptoms of urinary tract calculi. As clinical evidence of superimposed infection can be atypical or absent, it is crucial to identify subtle imaging findings that suggest this complication(5).
3. The use of urinary catheters
Prolonged period of using urinary catheters can cause infection. There is strong experimental and epidemiological evidence that infection by Proteus mirabilis is the main cause of the crystalline biofilms that encrust and block Foley catheters. The ability of P. mirabilis to generate alkaline urine and to colonize all available types of indwelling catheters allows it to take up stable residence in the catheterized tract in bladder stones and cause recurrent catheter blockage(6).
4. Bladder cancer
There is a report of case of ileovesical fistula caused by a bladder carcinoma is presented. A 66-year-old male was referred with complaints of urinary pain. On admission, fecaluria and urinary tract infection with bladder stone were detected(7).
5. Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that affects 200 million people and is directly responsible for an annual death of 20,000 patients. Three species are responsible for most of the morbidity in humans: Schistosoma hematobium in Africa, S. mansoni in Africa and South America, and S. Japonicum in the Far East. Renal involvement occurs mostly with S. hematobium infection as a consequence of fibrosis and calcification of tissue-trapped ova in the lower urinary tract, leading to obstruction, reflux, infection, and stone formation(8).
6. Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases to affect older men. Histological disease is present in more than 60% of men beyond their sixties, and more than 40% of men in this age group have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)(9).
7. Kidney stones
As a result of small kidney stones travel down the ureters into the bladder that are not passed through urination
8. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
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Sources
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743725
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22902855
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368711
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131870
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12563599
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21789983
B.1. Causes
1. Primary neurologic deficit
In the study of Medical management of urinary calculi in a stallion with breeding dysfunction, researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, showed that the stallion may have had a primary neurologic deficit affecting bladder control and function that was causing calculi to form secondarily because of delay in movement of urine through the urinary tract(4).
2. Urinary tract calculi and infections
Urinary tract calculi and infections are common causes of presentation to the emergency department. Computed tomography kidney-ureter-bladder is the initial imaging study of choice in patients presenting with symptoms of urinary tract calculi. As clinical evidence of superimposed infection can be atypical or absent, it is crucial to identify subtle imaging findings that suggest this complication(5).
3. The use of urinary catheters
Prolonged period of using urinary catheters can cause infection. There is strong experimental and epidemiological evidence that infection by Proteus mirabilis is the main cause of the crystalline biofilms that encrust and block Foley catheters. The ability of P. mirabilis to generate alkaline urine and to colonize all available types of indwelling catheters allows it to take up stable residence in the catheterized tract in bladder stones and cause recurrent catheter blockage(6).
4. Bladder cancer
There is a report of case of ileovesical fistula caused by a bladder carcinoma is presented. A 66-year-old male was referred with complaints of urinary pain. On admission, fecaluria and urinary tract infection with bladder stone were detected(7).
5. Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that affects 200 million people and is directly responsible for an annual death of 20,000 patients. Three species are responsible for most of the morbidity in humans: Schistosoma hematobium in Africa, S. mansoni in Africa and South America, and S. Japonicum in the Far East. Renal involvement occurs mostly with S. hematobium infection as a consequence of fibrosis and calcification of tissue-trapped ova in the lower urinary tract, leading to obstruction, reflux, infection, and stone formation(8).
6. Prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common diseases to affect older men. Histological disease is present in more than 60% of men beyond their sixties, and more than 40% of men in this age group have lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)(9).
7. Kidney stones
As a result of small kidney stones travel down the ureters into the bladder that are not passed through urination
8. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9743725
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22902855
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368711
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131870
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12563599
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21789983
Bladder Stone (Vesical calculi) - The Symptoms
Bladder Stones (calculus) is a composed of mineral masses formed in
the bladder as a result of Concentrated, stagnant urinary, dehydrated
causes of crystallization. Small bladder stones in most cases, pass on
their own in the flow of urine.
A. Symptoms
The symptoms are as results of irritation of bladder wall or the stones have blocked the flow of the urine causes of infection and complications. In most cases, Bladder stone large and small do not cause any symptoms at all.
1. Inability to walk, constipation and urinary incontinence
There is a report of a case of massive irreducible procidentia with a hard palpable mass in the anterior vaginal wall mimicking an impacted faecal mass in a 57-year-old multiparous, post-menopausal woman with symptoms of Inability to walk, constipation and urinary incontinence as her primary complaints. targeted plain X-ray and ultrasound of the prolapsed mass disclosed the existence of multiple vesical calculi(1).
2. Lower abdominal pain, pain during micturation and pollakuria
There is a report of a 48-year-old man hospitalized with the chief complaints of lower abdominal pain, pain during micturation and pollakuria, plain radiography showed 2 giant bladder stone shadows: one as 6.0 × 5.0 cm and the other one 5.0 × 5.0 cm in size(2).
3. Voiding symptoms (Poor stream, Hesitancy, Terminal dribbling, Incomplete voiding, Overflow incontinence) and hematuria (Blood in your urine)
There is a report of a case of 43 year old man with the diagnosis of giant bladder stone (more than 10 cm diameter) with symptoms of voiding symptoms and hematuria(3).
4. Others symptoms
a. Repeated cloudy or abnormally dark-colored urine as a result of infection of the urinary track.
b. In men, pain or discomfort in the penis due to blockage or infection
c. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22531951
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21806900
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21610285
A. Symptoms
The symptoms are as results of irritation of bladder wall or the stones have blocked the flow of the urine causes of infection and complications. In most cases, Bladder stone large and small do not cause any symptoms at all.
1. Inability to walk, constipation and urinary incontinence
There is a report of a case of massive irreducible procidentia with a hard palpable mass in the anterior vaginal wall mimicking an impacted faecal mass in a 57-year-old multiparous, post-menopausal woman with symptoms of Inability to walk, constipation and urinary incontinence as her primary complaints. targeted plain X-ray and ultrasound of the prolapsed mass disclosed the existence of multiple vesical calculi(1).
2. Lower abdominal pain, pain during micturation and pollakuria
There is a report of a 48-year-old man hospitalized with the chief complaints of lower abdominal pain, pain during micturation and pollakuria, plain radiography showed 2 giant bladder stone shadows: one as 6.0 × 5.0 cm and the other one 5.0 × 5.0 cm in size(2).
3. Voiding symptoms (Poor stream, Hesitancy, Terminal dribbling, Incomplete voiding, Overflow incontinence) and hematuria (Blood in your urine)
There is a report of a case of 43 year old man with the diagnosis of giant bladder stone (more than 10 cm diameter) with symptoms of voiding symptoms and hematuria(3).
4. Others symptoms
a. Repeated cloudy or abnormally dark-colored urine as a result of infection of the urinary track.
b. In men, pain or discomfort in the penis due to blockage or infection
c. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22531951
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21806900
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21610285
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome - Treatments InTraditional Chinese medicine perspective
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs)
are a types of antidepressant medications to treat depression and
certain neurological disorders, including obsessive-compulsive
disorder, panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety
disorder, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety
disorder (SAD), etc..
SSRI discontinuation syndrome is defined as a condition of a syndrome as a result of interruption, reduced doses or discontinuation of any anti depressant medication, including SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), researchers showed that The SSRI discontinuation syndrome is a characteristic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome appears to exist. It is usually mild, commences within 1 week of stopping treatment, resolves spontaneously within 3 weeks, and consists of diverse physical and psychological symptoms, the commonest being dizziness, nausea, lethargy and headache. SSRI reinstatement leads to resolution within 48 h(1).
Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
According to APPENDIX 1: Guipi Tang and SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome, Western interpretation of the symptoms as relative deficiency in serotonin availability or an imbalance of neurotransmitters after the drugs are removed. In TCM the withdrawal syndrome may be caused qi and blood deficiency, as a result of the spleen (for qi) and liver (for blood). Treatment of SSRI withdrawal syndrome is depending to the differentiation of the symptom(29). Herbs used include
Atractylodes (white atractylodes): tonifies qi, resolves damp
Peony (white peony): nourishes blood, vitalizes blood circulation
Tang-kuei: nourishes blood, vitalizes blood circulation
Zizyphus: nourishes liver and heart blood and clams shen
Saussurea: circulates qi, calms shen
Ginseng: tonifies qi, calms shen
Astragalus: tonifies qi, raises yang qi
Polygala: resolves phlegm, calms shen
Fu-shen or Hoelen: resolves damp, calms shen
Pinellia: resolves damp, lowers stomach qi
Citrus: resolves damp, circulates qi
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958258
(29) http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/alter/20100516/msgs/947782.html
SSRI discontinuation syndrome is defined as a condition of a syndrome as a result of interruption, reduced doses or discontinuation of any anti depressant medication, including SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), researchers showed that The SSRI discontinuation syndrome is a characteristic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome appears to exist. It is usually mild, commences within 1 week of stopping treatment, resolves spontaneously within 3 weeks, and consists of diverse physical and psychological symptoms, the commonest being dizziness, nausea, lethargy and headache. SSRI reinstatement leads to resolution within 48 h(1).
Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
According to APPENDIX 1: Guipi Tang and SSRI Withdrawal Syndrome, Western interpretation of the symptoms as relative deficiency in serotonin availability or an imbalance of neurotransmitters after the drugs are removed. In TCM the withdrawal syndrome may be caused qi and blood deficiency, as a result of the spleen (for qi) and liver (for blood). Treatment of SSRI withdrawal syndrome is depending to the differentiation of the symptom(29). Herbs used include
Atractylodes (white atractylodes): tonifies qi, resolves damp
Peony (white peony): nourishes blood, vitalizes blood circulation
Tang-kuei: nourishes blood, vitalizes blood circulation
Zizyphus: nourishes liver and heart blood and clams shen
Saussurea: circulates qi, calms shen
Ginseng: tonifies qi, calms shen
Astragalus: tonifies qi, raises yang qi
Polygala: resolves phlegm, calms shen
Fu-shen or Hoelen: resolves damp, calms shen
Pinellia: resolves damp, lowers stomach qi
Citrus: resolves damp, circulates qi
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958258
(29) http://www.dr-bob.org/babble/alter/20100516/msgs/947782.html
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome - Treatments In Herbal medicine perspective
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs)
are a types of antidepressant medications to treat depression and
certain neurological disorders, including obsessive-compulsive
disorder, panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety
disorder, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety
disorder (SAD), etc..
SSRI discontinuation syndrome is defined as a condition of a syndrome as a result of interruption, reduced doses or discontinuation of any anti depressant medication, including SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), researchers showed that The SSRI discontinuation syndrome is a characteristic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome appears to exist. It is usually mild, commences within 1 week of stopping treatment, resolves spontaneously within 3 weeks, and consists of diverse physical and psychological symptoms, the commonest being dizziness, nausea, lethargy and headache. SSRI reinstatement leads to resolution within 48 h(1).
Treatments
Herbs to treat symptoms of Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome
1. Lemon Balm
a. Anxiety-like reactivity
In the determination of the effects of chronic (15 consecutive days of treatment) per os administration of Melissa officinalis L. extract (Cyracos, Naturex) on anxiety-like reactivity in mice, found that the Cyracosdose at which it exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus maze did not alter exploratory or circadian activities. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Cyracos has anxiolytic-like effects under moderate stress conditions and does not alter activity levels, according to "Effects of chronic administration of Melissa officinalis L. extract on anxiety-like reactivity and on circadian and exploratory activities in mice" by
2 Ginseng Asia
a. Antipsychotic effect
In the investigation of Panax quinquefolium (PQ) and its significant neuroactive properties for its antipsychotic potential found that PQ blocked ketamine induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance paradigm. In the chronic studies, PQ reduced the ketamine induced enhanced immobility in the forced swim test and did not show extra-pyramidal side effects in bar test and wood block test of catalepsy. These behavioural effects were compared with standard drugs haloperidol and clozapine. Further PQ reduced DA and 5-HT content after chronic treatment, but not after acute administration, according to "Evaluation of the Antipsychotic Potential of Panax quinquefolium in Ketamine Induced Experimental Psychosis Model in Mice" by Chatterjee M, Singh S, Kumari R, Verma AK, Palit G.(25)
b. Neuroprotective effect
In the analyzing Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and its beneficial effects in cerebral ischemia and inhibition of the inflammatory cascade in sepsis found that Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) partially inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway from 6 h to 72 h after ischemia and reperfusion onset, as determined by the expression of total and phosphorylated NF-κB/p65, inhibitor protein of κB (IκB)-α, and IκB-kinase complex (IKK)-α. All these results indicate that suppression of local inflammation after cerebral ischemia might be one mechanism that contributes to the neuroprotection of GRb1, according to "Suppression of local inflammation contributes to the neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats with cerebral ischemia" by Zhu J, Jiang Y, Wu L, Lu T, Xu G, Liu X.(26)
3. Ginkgo
a. Brain-cognition effects
Ginkgo Biloba extract (GBE) have exhibited the function of alleviating symptoms of cognitive impairment in aging populationby increasing the SSVEP(state visually evoked potentia) amplitude at occipital and frontal sites and SSVEP latency at left temporal and left frontal sites, according to the study of "Examining brain-cognition effects of ginkgo biloba extract: brain activation in the left temporal and left prefrontal cortex in an object working memory task" by Silberstein RB, Pipingas A, Song J, Camfield DA, Nathan PJ, Stough C., posted in PubMed(27)
b. Acute cognitive effects
Administration of GBE complexed with phosphatidylserine have exerted the results of improingsecondary memory performance and speed of memory task performance, according to the study of "Acute cognitive effects of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract complexed with phosphatidylserine" by Kennedy DO, Haskell CF, Mauri PL, Scholey AB., posted in PubMed(28)
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958258
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20171069
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22207903
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189635
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22173011
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21941584
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17457961
SSRI discontinuation syndrome is defined as a condition of a syndrome as a result of interruption, reduced doses or discontinuation of any anti depressant medication, including SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), researchers showed that The SSRI discontinuation syndrome is a characteristic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome appears to exist. It is usually mild, commences within 1 week of stopping treatment, resolves spontaneously within 3 weeks, and consists of diverse physical and psychological symptoms, the commonest being dizziness, nausea, lethargy and headache. SSRI reinstatement leads to resolution within 48 h(1).
Treatments
Herbs to treat symptoms of Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome
1. Lemon Balm
a. Anxiety-like reactivity
In the determination of the effects of chronic (15 consecutive days of treatment) per os administration of Melissa officinalis L. extract (Cyracos, Naturex) on anxiety-like reactivity in mice, found that the Cyracosdose at which it exerted anxiolytic-like effects in the elevated plus maze did not alter exploratory or circadian activities. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Cyracos has anxiolytic-like effects under moderate stress conditions and does not alter activity levels, according to "Effects of chronic administration of Melissa officinalis L. extract on anxiety-like reactivity and on circadian and exploratory activities in mice" by
Ibarra A, Feuillere N, Roller M, Lesburgere E, Beracochea D.(23)
b. Anxiety disorders and insomnia
In the assessment of Cyracos(®), a standardized Melissa officinalis L. extract and it anti-stress and anxiolytic effects found that Cyracos(®) reduced anxiety manifestations by 18% (p < 0.01), ameliorated anxiety-associated symptoms by 15% (p < 0.01) and lowered insomnia by 42% (p < 0.01). As much as 95% of subjects (19/20) responded to treatment, of which 70% (14/20) achieved full remission for anxiety, 85% (17/20) for insomnia, and 70% (14/20) for both, according to "Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances" by Cases J, Ibarra A, Feuillère N, Roller M, Sukkar SG.(24)
b. Anxiety disorders and insomnia
In the assessment of Cyracos(®), a standardized Melissa officinalis L. extract and it anti-stress and anxiolytic effects found that Cyracos(®) reduced anxiety manifestations by 18% (p < 0.01), ameliorated anxiety-associated symptoms by 15% (p < 0.01) and lowered insomnia by 42% (p < 0.01). As much as 95% of subjects (19/20) responded to treatment, of which 70% (14/20) achieved full remission for anxiety, 85% (17/20) for insomnia, and 70% (14/20) for both, according to "Pilot trial of Melissa officinalis L. leaf extract in the treatment of volunteers suffering from mild-to-moderate anxiety disorders and sleep disturbances" by Cases J, Ibarra A, Feuillère N, Roller M, Sukkar SG.(24)
a. Antipsychotic effect
In the investigation of Panax quinquefolium (PQ) and its significant neuroactive properties for its antipsychotic potential found that PQ blocked ketamine induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance paradigm. In the chronic studies, PQ reduced the ketamine induced enhanced immobility in the forced swim test and did not show extra-pyramidal side effects in bar test and wood block test of catalepsy. These behavioural effects were compared with standard drugs haloperidol and clozapine. Further PQ reduced DA and 5-HT content after chronic treatment, but not after acute administration, according to "Evaluation of the Antipsychotic Potential of Panax quinquefolium in Ketamine Induced Experimental Psychosis Model in Mice" by Chatterjee M, Singh S, Kumari R, Verma AK, Palit G.(25)
b. Neuroprotective effect
In the analyzing Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and its beneficial effects in cerebral ischemia and inhibition of the inflammatory cascade in sepsis found that Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) partially inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway from 6 h to 72 h after ischemia and reperfusion onset, as determined by the expression of total and phosphorylated NF-κB/p65, inhibitor protein of κB (IκB)-α, and IκB-kinase complex (IKK)-α. All these results indicate that suppression of local inflammation after cerebral ischemia might be one mechanism that contributes to the neuroprotection of GRb1, according to "Suppression of local inflammation contributes to the neuroprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats with cerebral ischemia" by Zhu J, Jiang Y, Wu L, Lu T, Xu G, Liu X.(26)
3. Ginkgo
a. Brain-cognition effects
Ginkgo Biloba extract (GBE) have exhibited the function of alleviating symptoms of cognitive impairment in aging populationby increasing the SSVEP(state visually evoked potentia) amplitude at occipital and frontal sites and SSVEP latency at left temporal and left frontal sites, according to the study of "Examining brain-cognition effects of ginkgo biloba extract: brain activation in the left temporal and left prefrontal cortex in an object working memory task" by Silberstein RB, Pipingas A, Song J, Camfield DA, Nathan PJ, Stough C., posted in PubMed(27)
b. Acute cognitive effects
Administration of GBE complexed with phosphatidylserine have exerted the results of improingsecondary memory performance and speed of memory task performance, according to the study of "Acute cognitive effects of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract complexed with phosphatidylserine" by Kennedy DO, Haskell CF, Mauri PL, Scholey AB., posted in PubMed(28)
4. Etc.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958258
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20171069
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22207903
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22189635
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22173011
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21941584
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17457961
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome - Treatments In conventional medicine perspective
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs)
are a types of antidepressant medications to treat depression and
certain neurological disorders, including obsessive-compulsive
disorder, panic disorder (PD), generalized anxiety
disorder, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and social anxiety
disorder (SAD), etc..
SSRI discontinuation syndrome is defined as a condition of a syndrome as a result of interruption, reduced doses or discontinuation of any anti depressant medication, including SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), researchers showed that The SSRI discontinuation syndrome is a characteristic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome appears to exist. It is usually mild, commences within 1 week of stopping treatment, resolves spontaneously within 3 weeks, and consists of diverse physical and psychological symptoms, the commonest being dizziness, nausea, lethargy and headache. SSRI reinstatement leads to resolution within 48 h(1).
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
A.1. Graduation of doses and later discontinued
There are suggestion that symptoms may occur even if the SSRI dose is tapered gradually. In half of 50 reported cases, an attempt was made to taper the SSRI, although details concerning the duration and rapidity of taper were not provided consistently. At this point, it is unclear whether tapering SSRIs will reduce the risk nor is it clear whether we should advocate the routine taper of SSRIs when stopping treatment. The only known effective treatment is the re-introduction of the SSRI which is associated with rapid resolution of symptoms. Unfortunately, the syndrome tends to recur in approximately 75% of patients when the same SSRI is later discontinued(12).
A.2. Treatment depends on symptom severity
If symptoms of SSRI discontinuation are so severe, or do not respond to symptom management, patients may be necessary to reinstate the antidepressants and withdrawn the medication slowly as mention above. Others suggested to switch to a long half-life medication at a relatively low dose and then stop taking SSRI altogether(20).
A.3. Treating the symptoms
Certain medication may be prescribed to treat the symptoms of Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome. Please consult with your doctor.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958258
(12) http://www.circlemedhealthcare.com/ssri.pdf
(20) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-1166%28199806%2913:6%3C421::AID-GPS774%3E3.0.CO;2-Y/abstract;jsessionid=3C78BDD20E857C086A4C305B9880784E.d02t02
SSRI discontinuation syndrome is defined as a condition of a syndrome as a result of interruption, reduced doses or discontinuation of any anti depressant medication, including SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), researchers showed that The SSRI discontinuation syndrome is a characteristic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome appears to exist. It is usually mild, commences within 1 week of stopping treatment, resolves spontaneously within 3 weeks, and consists of diverse physical and psychological symptoms, the commonest being dizziness, nausea, lethargy and headache. SSRI reinstatement leads to resolution within 48 h(1).
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine perspective
A.1. Graduation of doses and later discontinued
There are suggestion that symptoms may occur even if the SSRI dose is tapered gradually. In half of 50 reported cases, an attempt was made to taper the SSRI, although details concerning the duration and rapidity of taper were not provided consistently. At this point, it is unclear whether tapering SSRIs will reduce the risk nor is it clear whether we should advocate the routine taper of SSRIs when stopping treatment. The only known effective treatment is the re-introduction of the SSRI which is associated with rapid resolution of symptoms. Unfortunately, the syndrome tends to recur in approximately 75% of patients when the same SSRI is later discontinued(12).
A.2. Treatment depends on symptom severity
If symptoms of SSRI discontinuation are so severe, or do not respond to symptom management, patients may be necessary to reinstate the antidepressants and withdrawn the medication slowly as mention above. Others suggested to switch to a long half-life medication at a relatively low dose and then stop taking SSRI altogether(20).
A.3. Treating the symptoms
Certain medication may be prescribed to treat the symptoms of Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) discontinuation syndrome. Please consult with your doctor.
Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve
Optimal Health And Loose Weight
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958258
(12) http://www.circlemedhealthcare.com/ssri.pdf
(20) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-1166%28199806%2913:6%3C421::AID-GPS774%3E3.0.CO;2-Y/abstract;jsessionid=3C78BDD20E857C086A4C305B9880784E.d02t02
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