Monday 12 June 2023

#Phytochemical #Betacyanins Process Anti Cancer Activities by Inhibiting Enzyme COX-2 Associated with Tumour Growth

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of chronic diseases caused by cell growth and multiplies disorderedly and uncontrollably in the body.
Depending on the type and grade of cancer, some cancers can be progressively worse and damage other healthy tissues. Sometimes cancers can spread to other tissues and organs in the body via lymph or blood.

Under normal circumstances, cell growth is a natural process. Every day millions of cells grow to replace millions of dead cells and to keep our body in balance and healthy.

Sometimes, acceleration of cell growth is necessary to prevent further damage to the body organ, such as cuts, injuries, etc., but after fulfilling their purposes, the growth of cells is back to a normal rate again.

In other words, cell growth or cell division is limited to a number of cycles due to our body's growth inhibitors, before replacing by new cells.

In cancer cells, the cycle of cell growth can be indefinite.

Depending on the type of cells that initiates cancer, cancers can be classified into

* Carcinoma
Carcinoma is a malignant tumor found in anywhere of the epithelial tissues lining the cavities, surfaces of structures, and glands. Although the formation of the malignant tumor in the epithelium is still unknown, it possesses and associates the characteristics of epithelial cells, including those of the breast, prostate, lung, and colon.

* Sarcoma
Sarcoma is a type of cancer that arises from malignantly connective tissue cells originating from embryonic germ cells or bone, cartilage, and fat tissues and cells.

* Lymphoma and leukemia:
Hematopoietic cells are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that become cancerous.

* Germ cell tumor
Cancer is derived from pluripotent cells. In adults, these are most often found in the testicle and ovary but are more common in babies and young children.

* Blastoma
Cancer is derived from immature "precursor" or embryonic tissue. These are also commonest in children.

According to the statistics provided by the National Cancer Institute, approximately 38.4% of men and women will be diagnosed with cancer at some point during their lifetimes. In 2017, an estimated 15,270 children and adolescents ages 0 to 19 were diagnosed with cancer, and 1,790 died of the disease.

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

With an aim to find a potential and natural compound for the treatment of cancer with no side effects, researchers examined the soluble natural food colors betacyanins and anthocyanins isolated from Beta vulgaris.

Based on the results of these natural pigments, alone and in combination, evaluated for their relative potencies using MCF-7 (breast), HCT-116 (colon), AGS (stomach), CNS (central nervous system), and NCI-H460 (lung) tumor cell lines, betacyanins, and anthocyanins showed a significant effect in the inhibition of enzyme COX-2 associated with the promotion of tumor growth and suppression of tumor apoptosis.

Furthermore, the COX-1 associated with the promotion of overexpression of the enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis in tumor onset and progression is also inhibited by the administration of betacyanins and anthocyanins.

Moreover, betacyanins showed a dose-dependent growth inhibition against breast, colon, stomach, central nervous system, and lung tumor cells.

Interestingly, in the chemical analysis, researchers found that the combination exerted synergistic effects, and chemical interactions at various concentrations against tested cancer cell lines.
Finally, Only the mixture of anthocyanin and betanin negated their efficacy in the cell growth inhibitory assay and did not enhance the COX enzyme inhibitory activity.

Based on the findings, researchers wrote, "This is the first report of a comparative evaluation and the impact on biological activities of these pigments alone and in combination".

Taken altogether, betacyanins used alone or combined with other herbal remedies may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Relative inhibition of lipid peroxidation, cyclooxygenase enzymes, and human tumor cell proliferation by natural food colors by Reddy MK1, Alexander-Lindo RL, Nair MG. (PubMed)
(3) Most common Types of Cancer - What is Cancer? by Kyle J. Norton

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