Wednesday, 28 June 2023

#Phytochemical Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) and 3,3'-#Diindolylmethane (DIM) Inhibit #ProstateCancer Cells Proliferation and Invasion

Kyle J. Norton

Prostate cancer is a medical condition caused by cell growth disorderly in the tissue of the prostate glands. Prostate cancer is one of the most slow-growing cancers that take years to develop.
The disease often is discovered during the rectum examination annually. Most cases of prostate cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of prostate tissue.

In the early stage, patients may not experience any symptoms. However, at the advanced stage, prostate cancer can induce symptoms of blood in the urine and semen, disruption of urinary passing, and frequent and urge urinary.

In severe cases, prostate cancer can also cause erectile dysfunction.

According to statistics, 1 man in 9 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime.

Most cases ( about 60%) of prostate cancer are found in older men, particularly in the African-American. The 5-year survival rate of local or regional prostate cancer is nearly 100.

Out of many risk factors, unhealthy diet may be one of the major risk factors associated with the onset of the disease.

Some researchers in the study of the preventive diet against prostate cancer wrote, " Although the available data are not entirely consistent, possible preventative behavioral factors include increased physical activity, intakes of tomatoes, cruciferous vegetables, and soy. Factors that may enhance prostate cancer risk include frequent consumption of dairy products and, possibly, meat".

" By comparison, alcohol probably exerts no important influence on prostate cancer development. Similarly, dietary supplements are unlikely to protect against the onset of prostate cancer in healthy men".

"Several factors, such as smoking and obesity, show a weak association with prostate cancer incidence but a positive relation with prostate cancer mortality. Other factors, such as fish intake, also appear to be unassociated with incident prostate cancer but show an inverse relation with fatal prostate cancer".

3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM are phytochemicals derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, belonging to the group of Indoles, found abundantly in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and kale, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of prostate cancer examined the effect of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) as tumor inhibitors in multiple malignant tumors on microRNAs (miRNAs).

Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) application showed a significant effect in the inhibition of proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer cells.

Furthermore, Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) treatment induced cancer death by inhibiting the expression level of CYP1A1, an enzyme associated with the activation of the compounds with carcinogenic properties.

In other words, Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) treatment activated the expression of MAP3K12 in the promotion of cancer cell by targeting the mRNA of miR-150-5p in prostate cancer cells.

Moreover, in order to reveal more information of DIM anti-prostate cancer activity, researchers examine the modulation of the immune system by cancer protective food bioactives, indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM).


Injection of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), exerted prostate cell protective effect by the regulation of inflammatory responses in monocytes and macrophages of the immune system.


In other words, I3C and DIM inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria in the induction of IL-1β mRNA associated with the immune response to infection and protein in the monocyte form of the white blood cells.


I3C and DIM also exerted anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of gene CD84 mRNA in signaling T-cell activation by regulating the proteins associated with the expression of the gene.


Dr. Wang TTY and colleagues after taking into account co and confounders, wrote, "cross-talk between AHR(protein associated with regulating gene expression) and inflammation-mediated pathways, but not CD84-mediated pathways, in monocytes but not macrophages may contribute to the modulation of tumor environments by I3C and DIM in prostate cancer'.


The results strongly suggested that DIM modulated the immune function against the process of prostate cancer development and progression.


Taken altogether, DIM may be considered a supplement for the prevention and combined with primary medicine for the treatment of prostate cancer, pending to the confirmation of larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of DIM in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Aryl hydrocarbon receptor enhances the expression of miR-150-5p to suppress in prostate cancer progression by regulating MAP3K12 by Yu J1, Feng Y1, Wang Y1, An R. (PubMed)
(2) Elucidating the Role of CD84 and AHR in Modulation of LPS-Induced Cytokines Production by Cruciferous Vegetable-Derived Compounds Indole-3-Carbinol and 3,3'-Diindolylmethane by Wang TTY1, Pham Q2, Kim YS. (PubMed)
(3) Risk factors for the onset of prostatic cancer: age, location, and behavioral correlates by Michael F Leitzmann1 and Sabine Rohrmann. (PMC)

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