Cancer is a class of diseases caused by irregular cell growth in the tissue or organ associated with the alternation of cell DNA.
Most cancers at the early stage, due to the small size of the tumor are asymptomatic, However, as the cells continue to proliferate, at some points, the tumor may affect the nearby blood vessels and nerve cell leading to symptoms of severe pain and bleeding accompanied by the general symptoms shared by all cancers.
Most primary cancers at the advanced stage can also travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissues, leading to a secondary metastasis.
According to the statistics provided by the National Cancer Institute, based on 2011–2015 statistics. approximately, 439.2 per 100,000 men and women per year are diagnosed with cancer. The number of cancer deaths is 163.5 per 100,000 men and women per year, also based on 2011–2015 statistics.
Cancers are classified depending on the types of cells alternation
* Carcinoma
Carcinoma is a malignant tumor found in anywhere of epithelial tissues lining the cavities, surfaces of structures and glands.
* Sarcoma
Sarcoma is a type of cancer that arises from malignantly connective tissue cells originated from embryonic germ cells or bone, cartilage, and fat tissues and cells.
* Lymphoma and leukemia
Hematopoietic cells are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all types of the blood cell, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets become cancerous.
* Germ cell tumor
The cancer is derived from pluripotent cells. In adults, these are most often found in the testicle and ovary, However, the cancer is more common in babies and young children.
* Blastoma
The cancer is derived from immature "precursor" or embryonic tissue. These are also most common in children.
Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.
With an aim to find potential treatment for cancer with no side effects, researchers examined the protective effect of three garlic powders compared to that of alliin.
Rat selected to the study were administered for 2 weeks with 5% garlic powder diet.
According to the comet assay, consumption of the different garlic powders induced a 35-60% reduction in DNA damage induced by N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in rat liver.
Compared to the other garlic powders increased alliin content of the garlic powder was associated strongly with a proportional decrease in NDMA-induced DNA alteration.
In other words, alliin increased the anti-liver cancer activity of garlic powder proportionally compared to normal garlic powders.
Interestingly, DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B1 in the liver or by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the colon was also decreased strongly by the three garlic powders but these decreases were not correlated to the alliin content of the garlic powder.
In other words, all phytochemical compounds found in the garlic powder must work together to augment the anti-cancer effect regardless of the content of the individual compound.
In the study of liver cancer induced by injections of 0.025 mg/kg body weight aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in rats, researchers garlic powder decreased the appearance and size of hepatic GST-P foci associated with early markers of liver cancer.
However, garlic containing the highest level of alliin showed a stronger effect in the protection of the liver against the forming hepatic GST-P foci compared to the normal garlic powders.
Levels of alliin showed an inverse association with the number and area of preneoplastic foci.
Garlic powder ingestion increased the activity of hepatic detoxified enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and UDP glucuronosyltransferase with no modification of nifedipine oxidase activity.
Dr. Bergès R, the lead researchers said, "It is suggested that garlic partly exerts its anticarcinogenic effects through increasing enzymes involved in AFB1 detoxification. This study highlights the possibility of controlling the cultivation conditions to improve the chemopreventive efficacy of garlic".
Taken altogether, alliin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of cancer with no side effects, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of alliin in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Inhibition of carcinogen-induced DNA damage in rat liver and colon by garlic powders with varying alliin content by Singh V1, Belloir C, Siess MH, Le Bon AM. (PubMed)
(2) Comparison of the chemopreventive efficacies of garlic powders with different alliin contents against aflatoxin B1 carcinogenicity in rats by Bergès R1, Siess MH, Arnault I, Auger J, Kahane R, Pinnert MF, Vernevaut MF, le Bon AM. (PubMed)
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