Hypertension or high blood pressure, a condition associated with the cluster of metabolic syndrome is a medical condition associated with abnormally high blood pressure.
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood and changes constantly depending on activity. However, persistent hypertension due to poor management over time can lead to cardiovascular disease.
According to the statistics provided by the American Heart Association., nearly half of all adults in the United States are living with high blood pressure, or 1 in 3 Americans are hypertensive.
Hypertension is the leading risk factor of heart disease and stroke in the US.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including heart disease and stroke are a class of conditions associated with the dysfunction of the arteries and heart, affecting the heart functioning.
According to the statistics provided by the CDC, heart disease is the leading cause of death for both men and women. Men are associated with 1/2 of the deaths due to heart disease in 2015 were in men, comapred to women.
Believe it or not, more than 63,000 Americans die from heart disease each year or 1 in every 4 deaths are caused by heart disease.
Most common prevalent factors associated with the hypertension onset are family history, aging, being male, being overweight or obese, ethnicity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and medical condition such as chronic kidney disease.
Excessive alcohol drinking is also one of the major causes besides obesity in elevating the syndrome onset.
Depending on the levels of blood pressure, most people with mild hypertension are asymptomatic. However, unmanaged high blood pressure can induce complications of heart attack or stroke, heart failure, weakened and narrowed blood vessels, metabolic syndrome, and trouble with memory or understanding,
Conventionally, blood pressure medications have been found to prevent many deaths from heart disease and stroke over the past 30 years, however, long-term intake of such medications has caused many side effects such as damaging the kidney.
Some researchers suggested by making changes to lifestyle, maintaining ideal weight and diet with low salt, you could do just fine without the drugs.
Dr. L. J. Beilin wrote, "Lifestyle factors are critical determinants of blood pressure levels operating against a background of genetic susceptibility. Excess body fat is a predominant cause of hypertension with additive effects of dietary salt, alcohol, and physical inactivity."
And "Controlled trials in hypertensives show blood pressure lowering effects of supplemental potassium, fiber, n-3 fatty acids, and diets rich in fruit and vegetables and low in saturated fats".
With an aim to find a natural food for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, researchers examined the effect of daily supplementation of kale juice can modulate blood pressure (BP).
The study included 84 subclinical hypertensive patients with systolic BP over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg who received 300 ml/day of kale juice for 6 weeks.
According to the blood samples obtained on 0-week and 6-week, kale supplements showed a significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in all patients regardless of their GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms.
According to the joint study led by the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene increases the arterial pressure; hence, it can predict the susceptibility to cardiovascular disease.
In other words, kale supplements inhibited the hyperactive parameters without being affected by the gene expression of GSTM1 or GSTT1 polymorphisms.
Furthermore, kale supplement exerted no effect on plasma lipid profiles of patients with GSTM1-null and GSTM1-present genotypes.
More importantly, the supplement also increased plasma HDL-C and lowered LDL-C in the GSTT1-present type, while blood glucose was decreased only in the GSTT1-null genotype.
Based on the findings, researchers suggested, kale processes a strong effect in lowering blood pressure through other mechanisms, regardless of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene types.
Taken altogether, kale juice may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of hypertension, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) The effect of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms on blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profiles following the supplementation of kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice in South Korean subclinical hypertensive patients by Han JH1, Lee HJ1, Kim TS2, Kang MH. (PubMed)
(2) Association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms with blood pressure: A Bayesian modeling of continuous data by Laleh Rafee, Mahsa Abedini,1 Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Nizal Sarrafzadegan,2 and Marjan Mansourian. (PubMed)
(3) Lifestyle and hypertension by L. J. Beilin, I. B. Puddey, V. Burke. (the American Journal of Hypertension)
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