Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, used in herbal medicine for thousands of years as an aphrodisiac herb and considered a Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts.
Hyperprolactinemia is a condition of elevated serum of prolactin which is the hormone in regulated
breast development and lactation during puberty and pregnancy, respectively.
High levels of prolactin are associated with elevated symptoms in premenstrual syndrome women. Administration of herbal Chaste tree berries may ease the symptoms and treatment of mild and serve cases of PMS.
According to the Second Military Medical University, in the induced hyperprolactinemia SD rat models by administration of metoclopramide dihydrochloride (50 mg/kg, tid, ip, for 10 d), injection of casticin, a flavonoid isolated from Vitex rotundifolia in the treatment group, exhibited the reduction of (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, ip, for 7 d) serum prolactin levels by 33.9%, 54.3%, and 64.7%,.compared untreated control group.
Dr. YE Q, the lead author in the study said, casticin ameliorated the stimulation of pituitary cells with 17β-Estradiol (E2), a female sex hormone in prolactin secretion.
The study also found that casticin at doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 micromol/L, significantly inhibited the prolactin release stimulated by 17β-Estradiol (E2) in a concentration-dependent manner., by regulating the DNA expression of estrogen receptors in the activated sex hormone for the secretion of porcelain.
In the review of pharmacology and clinical indications of the effectiveness of chaste tree berries in PMS women. the University of Göttingen found that
1. Double-blind placebo-controlled studies indicated that The herbal extract had a beneficial influence on most common premenstrual symptoms.
2. Numerous less rigidly controlled studies indicated that AC extracts reduced premenstrual mastodynia by inhibiting prolactin levels through suppressed mammary gland stimulation in response to stressful situations and during deep sleep phases.
Dr. Wuttke W said" The search for the chemical identity of the dopaminergic compounds resulted in the isolation of a number of diterpenes of which some clerodadienols were most important for the prolactin-suppressive effects" and "dopaminergic compounds present in Vitex agnus castus are clinically the important compounds which improve premenstrual mastodynia and possibly also other symptoms of the premenstrual syndrome".
Taking together, Chaste tree berries may be beneficiary in reducing symptoms for women with PMS during the menstrual cycle, especially in hyperprolactinemia-induced premenstrual breast pain and discomfort.
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Sources
(1) Casticin, a flavonoid isolated from Vitex rotundifolia, inhibits prolactin release in vivo and in vitro by YE Q1, ZHANG QY, ZHENG CJ, WANG Y, QIN LP. (PubMed)
(2) Chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus)--pharmacology and clinical indications by Wuttke W1, Jarry H, Christoffel V, Spengler B, Seidlová-Wuttke D.(PubMed)
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