Friday 22 October 2021

Tocopherols, the Potential Anti-Esophageal Cancer Plantbased Phytochemical

By Kyle J. Norton

An esophagus or gullet, an organ in vertebrates, is the tube that leads foods from the pharynx to the stomach.

Esophageal cancer is not very uncommon caused by malignant of the esophagus due to abnormal cell growth as a result of the DNA alternation of the cells that line the upper part of the esophagus or glandular cells that are present at the lower part of the esophagus connected with the stomach.

Esophageal cancer tends to spread if it left untreated and starts from the lining of the esophagus, then later penetrates the wall of the esophagus and spread to the lymph node around the bottom of the esophagus, stomach and the chest, then to the distant parts of the body.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in 2019, approximately 17,650 new esophageal cancer cases will be diagnosed, including 13,750 in men and 3,900 in women.

Also, in 2019, esophageal cancer will also cause the death of 16,080 Americans, including 13,020 in men and 3,060 in women.

The 5-year survival rate of people diagnosed in the local stage of esophageal cancer is 45%, much less than other cancer, including 100% of breast cancer.

The 2 common types of esophageal cancer are
* Adenocarcinomas are the most common type of esophageal cancer in the United States, occurred in the mucus-forming gland cells in the lower part of the esophagus.

* Squamous cancer occurs in the flat, thin cells that line the surface of the upper part of the esophagus.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of cancers, researchers examined the effect of dietary tocopherols on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

According to the analysis, dietary tocopherols significantly inhibited the onset of esophageal carcinogenesis by inhibiting the activation of protein (NF-κB) in the stimulation of the expression of genes involved in the antiapoptotic activity.

Furthermore, dietary tocopherols also interact with the innate and adaptive immunity to inhibit the ESCC by N-Nitroso-N-methyl benzylamine )NMBA) in murine models.

Moreover, the dietary supplementation with 0.15% α-tocopherol (α-T), δ-tocopherol (δ-T), or γ-tocopherol rich mixture (γ-TmT) markedly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the levels of induction of CXCR3+ effector T cells (CD4+ Th1 and CD8+ CTLs) infiltration involved in T cell trafficking and function, especially at the early stage of carcinogenesis.

Based on the results, scientists said, " tocopherols decrease carcinogenesis through inhibiting NF-κB and CXCR3 signaling, as well as related inflammation in early premalignant lesions. This pathway may offer a novel target for chemoprevention of esophageal cancer".

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered a supplement for the prevention of esophageal cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Tocopherols inhibit esophageal carcinogenesis through attenuating NF-κB activation and CXCR3-mediated inflammation by Yang H1, Xu M2, Lu F3, Zhang Q4, Feng Y4, Yang CS5, Li N4, Jia X. (PubMed).

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