Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Tuesday 27 August 2019

Healthy Food Navy Bean Promotes the Expression of Metabolite Markers that Improve Colon Health

By Kyle J. Norton

Metabolite markers are the reaction of the metabolites that respond sensitively to phytochemical exposure.

Phytochemicals are plant-based natural components that form an important part in the human diet and animal feed. Synthetic phytochemicals are also commonly found in dietary supplements and pharmacological agents.

Phytochemicals are chemical compound produced by the plants to protect them against predators such as insects and bacteria and fungi. Some phytochemicals are also used in traditional medicine to combat diseases.

According to Prof. Chi Chen in the investigation of the metabolite markers of phytochemicals wrote, "the bidirectional interactions between phytochemicals and the metabolic system, such as the disposition of phytochemicals, the regulation of nutrient, antioxidant, and microbial metabolism, and overdose-induced toxicities".

In other words, phytochemicals including bioactive phytochemical play an essential role in regulating the metabolic system through many metabolic pathways.

Believe it or not, metabolic effects have a strong impact on phytochemicals on the digestion, absorption, distribution, and metabolism of nutrients and antioxidants.

On the digestive system, bioactive phytochemicals play an essential role in the human diet as a valuable source of many bioactive components: phenolic compounds, vitamins or bioactive peptides.

On chronic diseases, consumption of total phytochemical intake has been found to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.

On the metabolism of nutrients, gene-phytochemical interactions are individual differences depending on the individual genetic proposition, including the capacity to influence disease risk via several complementary and overlapping mechanisms.

More precisely, a person genetic variation in pathways has a strong effect on absorption, metabolism, and distribution of phytochemicals that expose at the tissue level or alter the biological response.

On antioxidant perspective, although phytochemicals and antioxidants are different, phytochemical antioxidants capacity demonstrated potential effects on oxidative status, that decrease the risk proteins, lipids, and cellular damage.

Collectively, by looking at the forms of metabolite markers, the tested assays after exposing to phytochemicals, researchers may know the inaction of the phytochemical and metabolic system.

The small, white navy bean, also called pea bean or haricot, popular in both dry and green forms, is very popular in Britain and the US, native to Peru. It is now grown and consumed across the world, due to their numerous health benefits.

With an aim to find a natural compound for the promotion of gut health, researchers examined investigated metabolite markers of dry bean consumption in parallel human and mouse studies.

The study included 46 men who received dry bean enriched diet (250 g/day) for 4-weeks and 12 mice that received a standardized diet containing either 0 or 10% navy bean ethanol extract for 6 weeks.

According to the self-reported compared to the baseline, serum pipecolic acid (PA) and S-methyl cysteine (SMC) were elevated after dry bean consumption in human and mouse studies.

In other words, serum levels of pipecolic acid and S-methyl cysteine are metabolite markers that are useful to measure the amount of dry and navy bean consumption.

More precisely, according to the unpaired t-tests, a navy bean extract-enriched diet altered 26 metabolites (9% of analyzed metabolites) at P < 0.05 and 7 metabolites (2.4%) at q < 0.05 using unpaired t-tests; the most significant being PA, SMC, and NAO (all q < 0.003).

Furthermore, identified the biomarkers of dry (navy) bean intake may improve the understanding of the effect of navy bean in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.

In intestinal microbial metabolism, the conversion of lysine to pipecolic acid (PA) may confer chemopreventive benefits for the human host because PA is a precursor of microbial compounds with anti-inflammatory property.

Taken altogether, the dry beans including navy bean may be considered a remedy for the improvement of colon health, through its metabolite markers, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Identification and monitoring of metabolite markers of dry bean consumption in parallel human and mouse studies by Perera T1, Young MR, Zhang Z, Murphy G, Colburn NH, Lanza E, Hartman TJ, Cross AJ, Bobe G. (PubMed)
(2) Navy Beans Impact the Stool Metabolome and Metabolic Pathways for Colon Health in Cancer Survivors by Baxter BA1, Oppel RC2, Ryan EP. (PubMed)
(3) Metabolite Markers of Phytochemicals by Prof. Chi Chen (Metabolites)

Herbal Turmeric Promotes Skin Regeneration

By Kyle J. Norton

Skin is a large organ that protects our internal organs and tissues by shielding them from the invasion of foreign pathogens. A number of different components, such as water, protein, lipids, and different minerals and chemicals has been found to make up the skin integrity.

Furthermore, the skin accompanied by the liver and kidney forms a detoxed triad by eliminating toxins from the body.

Skin regeneration or repair is a natural process that epithelial cells restore the epidermis once the dermis has been regenerated.

However, in major injuries, the repair mechanisms may not completely restore the skin to its original condition, leading to the formation of scars.

In details, the skin regenerates through 3 stages

* Initial phase or acute phase of infection.

The immune system white blood cells of the first line of defense stimulate the blood platelets to cover the wound or injury and production of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to the creation of new blood vessels to replace those that were damaged in the precipitating incident.

* Regeneration of the epidermis and dermis involved in the proliferation of the cells of the stratum basale and the move of a healthy portion of the dermis at the edges of the wound into its interior.

Any disruption of the process of skin regeneration can lead to the formation of scars

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of skin wound, researchers examined the effect of curcumin the main constituent found in turmeric on free radical scavenging and anti-inflammation activity.

During the experiment, curcumin was found to modulate the phase II detoxification enzymes associated with detoxification reactions and the protection against oxidative stress.

Furthermore, injection of curcumin also enhanced skin regeneration and wound healing.

Moreover, curcumin protects skin by quenching free radicals and reducing inflammation involved in protein that stimulates the production of inflammatory cytokines.

Curcumin administration also promoted skin regeneration in wound healing by improving wound-healing time, collagen deposition and increased fibroblast and vascular density in wounds.

Additonally, the effects of skin regeneration and wound healing was also attributed to the compound's proangiogenic property.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "These studies suggest the beneficial effects of curcumin and the potential of this compound to be developed as a potent nontoxic agent for treating skin diseases".

Taken altogether, turmeric processed a high amount of curcumin may be considered supplements for the enhancement of skin regeneration in wound healing, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Skin regenerative potentials of curcumin by Thangapazham RL1, Sharad S, Maheshwari RK. (PubMed)
(2) Beneficial role of curcumin in skin diseases by Thangapazham RL1, Sharma A, Maheshwari RK. (PubMed)

Bioactive Compound Lycopene Inhibits the Onset and Progression Of Esophageal Cancer in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Esophagus, an organ in vertebrates, is the tube that leads foods from the pharynx to the stomach.
Esophageal cancer is a medical condition that starts in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the esophageal tissue caused by the alternation of cell DNA.

At the advanced stage, most cases of esophageal cancer after penetrating the wall of the esophagus tend to spread to the lymph node around the bottom of the esophagus, stomach and the chest, then to the distant parts of the body.

According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in 2019, approximately 17,650 new esophageal cancer cases will be diagnosed, including 13,750 in men and 3,900 in women.

Also, in 2019, esophageal cancer will also cause the death of 16,080 Americans, including 13,020 in men and 3,060 in women.

The 5-year survival rate of people diagnosed in the local stage of esophageal cancer is 45%, much less than other cancer, including 100% of breast cancer.

2 common types of esophageal cancer are

* Adenocarcinomas are the most common type of esophageal cancer in the United States, occurred in the mucus-forming gland cells in the lower part of the esophagus.

* Squamous cancer occurs in the flat, thin cells that line the surface of the upper part of the esophagus.

Some researchers suggested that the risk of esophageal cancer can be reduced by

* Medicine
Taking medicine such as aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce the risk of Esophageal cancer. Researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center suggested that aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs disrupt the pathway, slow the growth of abnormal cells and facilitate the normal process of apoptosis.

* Quit-smoking and quit-heavy alcohol drinking
Heavy alcohol drinking and smoking account for over 90% of all squamous cancer.

* Avoid very hot foods
Food that is very hot can cause damage to the esophagus. Eating very hot foods for a prolonged period of time can cause an infection that leads to esophageal cancer.

* Reducing intake of fried, baked and roasted food
Fried, baked and roasted food contain acrylamide, a potentially cancer-causing carcinogenic chemical. In the animal lab, studies showed that large exposures to acrylamide may cause health problems, including damage to the nervous system and increased risk of cancer, including esophageal cancer.

* Maintaining a healthy weight
Researchers suggested that avoiding excessive weight gain and obesity may lower your risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Lycopene is a phytochemical in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and perform various functions in photosynthesis.

With an aim to find a natural compound for the treatment of esophageal cancer, researchers investigated the effect of lycopene and β-carotene on the viability of EC109 human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells.

According to the results from the tested assays, lycopene and β-carotene (5-40 µM) at a dose- and time-dependent showed a significant effect in reducing the viability of the EC109 cells.

Furthermore, lycopene and β-carotene also exhibited the enzyme expression of PPARγ associated with the inhibition of cancer migration and angiogenesis and protein p21 associated with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis regulation.

Moreover, lycopene and β-carotene also inhibited the protein associated with cell cycle division and tumor cell repopulation.

Based on the results, researchers said, " the inhibition of EC109 cell viability by lycopene and β-carotene involves PPARγ signaling pathways and the modulation of p21WAF1/CIP1, cyclin D1, and COX-2 expression".

Additionally, in the study by the Zhejiang University to compare the higher intake of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin reduced esophageal cancer risk, researchers found that

* The pooled ORs of esophageal cancer risk are 0.58 (95% CI 0.44, 0.77), 0.81 (95% CI 0.70, 0.94), 0.75 (95% CI 0.64, 0.86), 0.80 (95% CI 0.66, 0.97), and 0.71 (95% CI 0.59, 0.87), respectively.

* Alpha-carotene, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin showed protection against esophageal squamous cell cancer, and beta-carotene showed protective effects against esophageal adenocarcinoma in studies located in Europe and North America, according to the subgroup analysis.

Collectively, researchers wrote, " Alpha-carotene, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin showed protection against esophageal squamous cell cancer. This meta-analysis suggested that higher intake of carotenoids (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin) is associated with a lower risk of esophageal cancer".

Taken altogether, lycopene used alone or combined with another herbal remedy may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer, pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Suppressive effects of lycopene and β-carotene on the viability of the human esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line EC109 by Ngoc NB1,2, Lv P1,3, Zhao WE. (PubMed)
(2) Carotenoid intake and esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis by Ge XX1, Xing MY, Yu LF, Shen P. (PubMed)
(3) Most common Types of Cancer -Cancer of Esophagus/Esophageal cancer by Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemical Indicaxanthin Inhibits Factors Associated with Beta Thalassemia Anemia

By Kyle J. Norton

Anemia is a medical condition associated with a lack of healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood.

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common anemia, caused by poor iron levels in the blood, leading to the reduced delivery of oxygen throughout the body.

People with a long-term deficiency of folate and vitamin B-12 which play a critical role in the production of healthy red blood cells are also at an increased risk of Amenia.

Patients with Beta-thalassemia minor have a slight lowering of the beta hemoglobin level in the blood similar to those with mild iron-deficiency anemia.

Beta thalassemia can be classified into
* Thalassemia minor, the mild case of anemia, is the most common anemia in people of Mediterranean descent. The blood cells of patients with thalassemia minor are smaller than normal blood cells and easily die off, causing not enough new blood cells to replace the red blood cells loss.

* Thalassemia major
Thalassemia major also called Cooley's anemia is an inherited disorder that affects the production of normal hemoglobin. Thalassemia major is a deadly disease without frequent blood transfusions, people with this kind of anemia may not survive because of iron building up in heart and other organs, that can lead to heart failure.

Most common symptoms of beta-thalassemia are fatigue, weakness, or shortness of breath, a pale appearance or yellow color to the skin (jaundice), irritability, deformities of the facial bone, slow growth, a swollen abdomen, and dark urine.

There are many risk factors involved in the onset of the condition. Blood loss, such as from heavy menstrual bleeding, an ulcer, cancer and regular use of some over-the-counter pain relievers, especially aspirin are some of the most common prevalent risk factors.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

Indicaxanthin is phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments of Betacyanins, belongings to the group of Betalains found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of beta-thalassemia red blood cells, researchers examined the antioxidant activity of indicaxanthin.

In vitro, human beta-thalassemia RBCs submitted to oxidative hemolysis by cumene hydroperoxide, application of indicaxanthin at 1.0-10 microM enhanced the resistance to hemolysis associated with the destruction of red blood cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Furthermore, the phytochemical also exerted a significant antioxidant activity by preventing lipid and hemoglobin (Hb) oxidation and enhancing the levels of vitamin E and GSH depletion.

Moreover, indicaxanthin also stimulated the recovery of the soluble cell compartment of the RBCs in the blood from thalassemia patients.

According to the A spectrophotometric study, the antioxidant also showed to reduce the a reactive intermediate that makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin in solution caused by the oxidative stress, compared to those of Trolox or vitamin C.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "Collectively our results demonstrate that indicaxanthin can be incorporated into the redox machinery of beta-thalassemia RBC and defend the cell from oxidation".

Taken altogether, indicaxanthin may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of beta-thalassemia anemia, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Sources
(1) Cytoprotective effects of the antioxidant phytochemical indicaxanthin in beta-thalassemia red blood cells by Tesoriere L1, Allegra M, Butera D, Gentile C, Livrea MA. (PubMed)

Monday 26 August 2019

Herbal Ashwagandha Inhibits Testosterone Deficiency in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Testosterone is a steroid hormone found in humans produced mostly from the testicles in men and a small amount in women's ovaries.

According to epidemiological studies, treatment for hypogonadism is on the rise, particularly in the population due to natural reduced production of levels of testosterone other than normal aging.

Testosterone production starts to produce significantly during puberty and dip after age 30.

In males, the early onset of reduced production of levels of testosterone is associated with a highly prevalent burden of comorbid medical conditions and polypharmacy complicates, compared to those of normal aging,

Also, low levels of testosterone in males are associated with the early onset of metabolic syndrome in the induction of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Apart from normal aging, low levels of testosterone are found to induce symptoms of decreased sex drive, low energy, weight gain, the risk of depression, and moodiness, loss of hair and thinner bones.

If you are experiencing some of the above symptoms, you may have low levels of testosterone. Please make sure you check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

Dr. Giagulli VA, in examining the complications of testosterone in men wrote, "Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) induces several negative effects that generally involve different organs such as testis, bone, skeletal muscle, and heart, leading to reduction in testis function, causing osteoporosis, strongly reducing muscle mass, decreasing exercise capacity and strength and facilitating heart failure".

And, " Approximately 25% of patients affected by chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by plasma Testosterone (T) levels below normal ranges also related to disease progression".

These results clearly suggested apart from normal aging, males with testosterone deficiency are associated with the complications of many ailments.

Conventionally, testosterone replacement therapy has been found to increase sexual function, lean muscle mass and strength, mood and cognitive function, with a possible reduction in frailty and osteoporosis.

However, Dr. E. Charles Osterberg and colleagues in the examining the benefits and risk of TRT wrote, "The benefits seen with TRT, such as increased libido and energy level, beneficial effects on bone density, strength and muscle as well as cardioprotective effects, have been well-documented. TRT is contraindicated in men with untreated prostate and breast cancer. Men on TRT should be monitored for side-effects such as polycythemia, peripheral edema, cardiac and hepatic dysfunction".

Ashwagandha also is known as Withania somnifera is a nightshade plant in the genus of Withania, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to the dry parts of India, North Africa, Middle East, and the Mediterranean.

The herbal medicine has been considered as Indian ginseng and used in Ayurvedic medicine over 3000 years to treat tumors and tubercular glands, carbuncles, memory loss, and ulcers and considered as anti-stress, cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging herbal medicine.

On finding a potent compound for the treatment of testosterone deficiency, researchers examined the effect of a methanolic extract of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal roots on sexual competence in an animal model.

Male rats selected to the study prior to treatment day 3 and 7 of treatment, and day 7, 14 and 30 post-treatment before orally administering 3000 mg.kg-1.day-1 of root extract for 7 days by pairing each male with a receptive female.

Based on the tested differentiation, the root extract showed a significant activity by improving the impairment in libido, and sexual performance, comapred to baseline.

Furthermore, sexual vigor and penile erectile dysfunction in the tested rats were also strongly improved by the administration of root extract in a time-dependent manner.

Most importantly, cessation of treatment of the extract partly reversed this efficacy.

However, the injection of the extract showed an antimasculine side effect that was not attributed to the change of testosterone levels but the promotion of hyperprolactinemic, GABAergic, serotonergic or sedative activities.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "Use of W. somnifera roots may be detrimental to male sexual competence".

Taken altogether, Ashwagandha may be considered a functional herb for the treatment of testosterone deficiency in male, pending to the result of larger sample size and multicenter study

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How-To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Effect of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal on Sex Hormone and Gonadotropin Levels in Addicted Male Rats by Rahmati B1, Ghosian Moghaddam MH2, Khalili M1, Enayati E3, Maleki M2, Rezaeei S. (PubMed)
(2) Effect of Withania somnifera root extract on the sexual behavior of male rats by Ilayperuma I1, Ratnasooriya WD, Weerasooriya TR. (PubMed)
(3) Testosterone deficiency in male: a risk factor for heart failure by Giagulli VA1, Guastamacchia E, De Pergola G, Iacoviello M, Triggiani V. (PubMed)
(4) Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Mortality in Older Men by Hackett GI. (PubMed)
(5) Risks of testosterone replacement therapy in men by E. Charles Osterberg, Aaron M. Bernie, and Ranjith Ramasamy. (PMC)

Herbal Turmeric, the Best Anti-Neuroinflammatory Remedy

By Kyle J. Norton

Neuroinflammation is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of the central nervous tissues, including the brain and spinal cord.

There many risk factors associated with the onset of neuroinflammation similar to other tissues inflammation, including infection, traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites, or autoimmunity.

Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system in which the macrophages of the first defense stimulates the production of blood palette to cover the wound in case of injury and production of proinflammatory cytokines to the site of infection to fence off the foreign pathogens.

Inflammation also can be triggered by the immune mistakenly attacked the body tissues in cases of autoimmune disease.

The neuroinflammatory disease can be acute or chronic. Chronic neuroinflammation that leads to the activation of glial cells and the recruitment of inflammatory cytokines into the brain is found to associate with neurodegenerative diseases.

Most cases of the neuroinflammatory disease associated with the loss of neuronal structure and function.can be measured by the typical inflammatory markers, including CSF Aβ1-42, tau and p-tau181, and a panel of 37 neuroinflammatory markers in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Dr. WEI-WEI CHEN, the lead scientist in the investigation of the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases, wrote, "recent data have identified the inflammatory process as being closely linked with multiple neurodegenerative pathways, which are associated with depression, a consequence of neurodegenerative disease".

And, "Accordingly, pro-inflammatory cytokines are important in the pathophysiology of depression and dementia. These data suggest that the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration must be fully elucidated, since pro-inflammatory agents, which are the causative effects of neuroinflammation, occur widely, particularly in the elderly in whom inflammatory mechanisms are linked to the pathogenesis of functional and mental impairments".

In other words, an acute neuroinflammatory response that, if unresolved, can lead to chronic neuroinflammation, leading to chronic low-grade neurodegenerative disease.

Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

In the urgency to discover a natural ingredient for the treatment of neuroinflammation, researchers examined the neuron protective activity on curcumin, amain curcuminoid present in turmeric.

According to the tested assays, curcumin dose-dependently inhibited Pam3CSK4, the inflammatory mediators induced the release of proinflammatory cytokines such as nitric oxide, PGE2, and TNF-α secretion.

The secretion of inflammatory mediators was stimulated by the increase in the expression of HO-1, a cytoprotective and antiapoptotic enzyme, which plays an important protective role by modulating oxidative stress.

Furthermore, curcumin also inhibited neuroinflammation by decreasing the production of macrophages found in the central nervous system (CNS) induced by the inflammatory mediators.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "The results of the present study suggest that curcumin may be a novel treatment for neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disorders".

In vivo, curcumin also exerted a significantly anti-nociceptive and anti-neuroinflammatory effect on arthritic pain in rats.

Moreover, repeated intrathecal injection of curcumin reversed CFA-induced pain hypersensitivity with affecting the joint edema.

Levels of proinflammation observed by the presence of glial cells and the production of inflammatory mediators induced by the injection of CFA were reduced by the injection of curcumin.

Additonally, the protein associated with the regulation of the migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages in the spinal cord was also inhibited in the curcumin treatment group.

Dr. Chen JJ, the lead scientist said, " intrathecal curcumin attenuates arthritic pain by inhibiting glial activation and the production of inflammatory mediators in the spinal cord, suggesting a new application of curcumin for the treatment of arthritic pain".

Taken altogether, turmeric processed a high amount of bioactive compound curcumin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of turmeric in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of curcumin on Pam3CSK4-stimulated microglial cells by Jin M1, Park SY2, Shen Q1, Lai Y1, Ou X1, Mao Z1, Lin D1, Yu Y1, Zhang W. (PubMed)
(2) Intrathecal curcumin attenuates pain hypersensitivity and decreases spinal neuroinflammation in rat model of monoarthritis by Chen JJ1, Dai L2, Zhao LX3, Zhu X4, Cao S4, Gao YJ. (PubMed)
(3) Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (Review) by WEI-WEI CHEN, XIA ZHANG, and WEN-JUAN HUANG. (PMC)

Bromelain Modulated the Immune System Against the Development of Diseases

By Kyle J. Norton

The immune system is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that provide the body's defense against infectious organisms and pathogens.

The immune system can be classified into innate immunity and adaptive immunity

* Innate immunity comprised the cells and mechanisms is the process of the immune response against infection in a non-specific manner.

* Adaptive immunity or acquired immunity is the process to destroy pathogens or prevent their growth by a composed of highly specialized, systemic cells that have been causing a threat to the body in the past.

Diseases associated with the immune system can also be classified into under active immunity and overactive immunity

* Underactive immunity also known as weakened immune function is a condition found mostly in people with chronic illness, the elderly and children with immature immunity.

People with a weakened immune system are prone to infectious diseases.

* Overactive immunity associated with autoimmune diseases, including celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, Graves'disease, inflammatory bowel disease, caused by allergens induced the immune system mistakenly attacking the body tissues.

In inflammatory perspective, the chronic inflammatory diseases are also caused by the immune system failure in destroying all foreign invaders in the acute infection in a set period of time, leading to immune adaptation with the long-term production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Diseases associated with chronic inflammation include type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease.

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, and muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the modulation of the immune system, researchers examined the effects on inflammation-related cytokines of two doses of bromelain in a single dose placebo-controlled 3 × crossovers randomized clinical trial.

Injection of bromelain demonstrated significant immune-modulatory effects on Th1 cell mediator interferon-gamma in response to antigenic stimulation, Th2-type cytokine IL-5 in the regulation of humoral immune responses to extracellular parasites and bacterial infection as well as the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin (IL)-10.

In other words, bromelain has a general effect on the antigen-specific (T cell) compartment of the human immune system in the modulation of cellular responses of lymphocyte.

In order to obtain more information of bromelain immunomodulatory effects, researchers investigated the influence of bromelain and trypsin on the cytokine production and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with a classical cellular mediated autoimmune disorder, namely encephalomyelitis disseminate (ED) as well as from healthy controls.

The experiment carried out with PBMC from patients with ED (n=12) and healthy controls (n=12) cultured for seven days at 37 degrees C under three different conditions: without antigen, with bromelain and with trypsin (final concentrations 10-1000 microg/ml).

Compared to trypsin, PBMC from patients with ED and healthy controls showed a significantly increased proliferative response to bromelain (ED: 14053+/- 7585 CPM with bromelain vs. spontaneous proliferation of 430+/- 255 CPM; healthy controls.

Furthermore, bromelain modulated the immune expression by activating macrophages/monocytes and type 1 cell associated with the adaptive immunity process independently from the underlying disease.

Taken altogether, bromelain may be considered a remedy for the modulation of immune function, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter study.

Intake of bromelain in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

Sources
(1) Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial on the immunomodulating activities of low- and high-dose bromelain after oral administration - new evidence on the antiinflammatory mode of action of bromelain by Müller S1, März R, Schmolz M, Drewelow B, Eschmann K, Meiser P. (PubMed)
(2) In vitro study on the immunological effect of bromelain and trypsin on mononuclear cells from humans by Barth H1, Guseo A, Klein R. (PubMed)