Food Therapy: Lentils' Lectin as Bio-makers and Potential Target in Risk and Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Kyle J. Norton

Lectin isolated from lentils and other sources may have a substantial effect used for treatment of cancers and as a new type of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to detect the state and progression of prostate cancer, some scientists suggested.

Lentil, a type of pulse or tiny legumes that can be cooked quickly and rich in protein and fiber is a bushy annual plant of genus Lens the Fabaceaefamily, native to Middle East.

Prostate cancer is a chronic and medical condition characterized by cell growth irregularly in the prostate tissues.

Use of lectins with properties of recognizing specific carbohydrate moieties of glycoconjugates (for
carbohydrates covalently linked with other chemical species such as proteins, peptides, lipids and saccharides) as cancer screening technique and biomarkers to indicate altered structural changes of glycans in complex bodily fluids and tissues of cancer have been under extensive research.

According to the Indian Institute of Chemical Biology 4, in a designed to distinguish prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia by lectin-prostate specific antigen (PSA) binding found that lectin-prostate specific antigen (PSA) binding may be an effective tool in reduced performance of biopsies in men with total PSA value between 4.0 to 10.0 micog/ml, through examine the carbohydrate content after binding of Con A (lectin) with serum PSA of prostate cancer.

In other words, the detection of a serum value <3.0 microg/ml of the carbohydrate content of Con A-PSA expression was an strong indication of benign prostate hyperplasia with suspicion for prostate cancer and this cut off level in compared to prostate cancer rate of over 4.0 micog/ml.

The evaluate lectins role in influence the cell growth of several types of normal and neoplastic tissues, particularly in prostate cancer cells with numbers of lectins, such as peanut (PNA), wheat germ (WGA), Concanavalin A (Con A),Griffonia simplicifolia (GSA-IA4), and Phaseolus vulgaris(PHA-L) agglutinins, on the cell proliferation of one androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and two androgen-insensitive (PC-3 and DU 145) human prostate cancer cell lines cultured in either 10% or 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS)-supplemented media, at the joint study lead by the Free University of Brussels, showed that all 5 experiment lectins expressed a globally significant effect in inhibited all tested prostate cancer cell lines proliferation in dose-dependent toxicity.

However, further examination also found that application of low doses of GSA-IA4 and PHA-L demonstrated a contradictory result in significantly increased cell proliferation of confluent PC-3 cells and increasing the FBS from 1% to 10% in the culture media significantly antagonized lectin-induced toxicity in the three prostate cell lines, according to the measurement of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

The  contradictory results in influence on prostate cancer cell proliferation, probably was attributed to types of lectin isolated and doses exposure.

After taking into account of other con-founders, Dr. Isabelle Camby, the lead author concerned, "because lectins are present in our diet, and are able to pass into the systemic circulation and thus reach the prostate, the present results suggest that some lectins might exert an influence on prostate cancer growth under clinical conditions".

Taken together, lectins isolated from lentils and other sources may be considered as screen technique in detect the state of progression of cancer through levels of total lectin-prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration and used as biomarkers and therapeutic target for treatment of prostate cancer.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Lectin-induced alterations on the proliferation of three human prostatic cancer cell lines by Isabelle Camby, Thierry Janssen, Robert De Decker, Michel Petein, Gil Raviv, Jean-Lambert Pasteels, Robert Kiss, André Danguy(Sprinker link)
(2) Lectin and serum-PSA interaction as a screening test for prostate cancer by Basu PS1, Majhi R, Batabyal SK.(PubMed)

Alternative Therapy:Yoga In Reduced Psychological symptoms in HIV-1 Infected Patients

Kyle J. Norton 

Yoga may be used as an integrated form of exercise in reduced psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression.in patients with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, randomized controlled pilot studies suggested.

Yoga, the ancient practical technique for harmonized external and internal body well beings, through breath control, meditation, bodily movement and gesture..... has been best known for people in Western world and some parts in Asia due to health benefits reported by various respectable institutes' research and supported by health advocates.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus with function in induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, if not treated.

According to the Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (SVYASA) University study with an aim to contribute towards the understanding the therapeutic benefits of specific yoga modulation in HIV-1 infected subjects, yoga participated group displayed an indirect effect of HIV-1 induced hematopoietic inhibition of CD34+ progenitor stem cells, a hematopoietic progenitor cells found in bone marrow and cord blood with loss of human hematopoietic precursor cell function, via the CD4+ T lymphocytes in signalling immune response to destroy the infectious particle.

In other words, yoga practice normalized the inhibition of replication and enhancement of levels of hematopoiesis in HIV-1 infected subjects, through infected of CD34+ progenitor stem cells by activated immune action.

The hematopoietic stem cell has long been hypothesized to be a target of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV) infection.

Additionally, Yoga participant also showed to improve the self renewal capacity of numbers of cycles of cell division while maintaining the undifferentiated state to differentiate into CD34+ progenitor cells, through STAT5 gene in activatedhematopoietic cytokines in modulates cytokine responses, including nterleukin-2 and 15,  transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in development of Tregs in immune regulation.

CD34+, undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a secreted protein in regualted cellular process including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a cell signaling cytokine involved in systemic inflammation in the acute phase infection.

Interleukin-2 and 15 are cell signaling proteins in the immune system in regulated the activities of white blood cells of the immunity.

More interesting, in psychological aspects, yoga induced hematopoietic inhibition in HIV-1 infection was contributed by the role of reduced stress involved sycho-neuro-immunological axis (PNI), the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body in induction of psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and depression and quality of life

In deed, physical postures (asanas), breathing practices (pranayama), relaxation techniques, and meditation have shown to bring back consciousness in the present moment and increased the ability to maintain or positive feelings to minimize or regulate stress feelings or letting them go, thus decreasing stress effect in suppressed body's immune system and neuro-humoral actions in transmitting information from cells to cells, thereby affecting normal psychological state.

Additionally, researchers at the study also said, "Yoga therapy is introduced and its effectiveness in terms of evidence in relevant area is reviewed. Further, the basic principles of Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy [IAYT] are described and depending on the potential mechanisms through which yoga therapy may act, both modern scientific research and ancient "scriptural" evidence are provided at all the five levels of existence (body, life force, emotional, intellectual and bliss)" and "This will enable to design comprehensive yoga modules that may intervene in this indirect inhibition of hematopoiesis in HIV-1 infected individuals and potentially restore normal levels of hematopoiesis".

Further more, in a study of 44 HIV-1 infected individuals from two HIV rehabilitation centers of Manipur State of India randomized into two groups: Yoga (n = 22; 12 males) group received IY intervention, which included physical postures (asanas), breathing practices (pranayama), relaxation techniques, and meditation,  given 60 min/day, 6 days a week for 1 month and Control group (n = 22; 14 males), followed daily routine during this period, researchers found that yoga group showed a significant reduction in depression scores along with non significant increment in CD4 counts in surface of the immune cells but non-significant reduction in anxiety scores in compared to control group.

An at the end of the experiment, researchers concluded that short term yoga participated may have a positive effect in reduced depression and improved immunity in HIV-1 infected adults.

Taking altogether, Yoga intervention as an adjunct therapy may have a profound effect in reduced  psychological symptoms and treatment of inhibited hematopoiesis in HIV-1 infected individuals by regulating the immune function in restore normal function of hematologists in production of blood cells and platelets.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Effect of Integrated Yoga (IY) on psychological states and CD4 counts of HIV-1infected patients: A randomized controlled pilot study by Naoroibam R1, Metri KG1, Bhargav H1, Nagaratna R2, Nagendra HR1(PubMed)
(2) Potential yoga modules for treatment of hematopoietic inhibition in HIV-1 infection by Bhargav H1, Raghuram N, Rao NH, Tekur P, Koka PS.(PubMed)

Herbal Therapy: Green Tea and Green Tea Bioactive Catechins and Epigallocatechin Gallate in Reduced Risk and Progression and Treatment of Kidney Cancer

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a substantial and sustainable effect in reduced risk and treatment of renal cancer, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Kidney cancer is medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of kidney. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may travel a distance away to invade other healthy tissues and organs.

According to statistic, kidney cancer is very uncommon in people younger than age 45 and among the 10 most common cancers in both gender.

Investigation of green tea effect in risk of renal cancer was found to associate to different implications involved numbers of mechanisms, particularly, in green tea bioactive components.

According to the evaluated 250 newly diagnosed, histo-logically confirmed Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) cases and 299 sex-, age-matched healthy controls provided complete information by face-to-face interview in Shanghai between 2007 and 2009, application of green tea at dose of ≥500 ml/d demonstrated a significantly inverse association to risk of CCRCC.

In deed, green tea consumption of lower than the said volume such as 8 oz (237 ml) or more cups/day was also associated to decrease renal cell cancer risk, in compared to non drinkers, according to the report of Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.

Further analysis also found that interactions with the environmental exposures association to polymorphisms of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in induced CCRCC risk, also inhibited by green tea extract through increasing serum and liver antioxidant capacity and strengthening stability of microsomal and lysosomal membranes of healthy cells in compared to control.

In free radical aspect, the examine Wistar rats induced renal cancer pre-treated with N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN) by oral injection of drinking water for 2 weeks, also found that administration of green tea extract catechin ( 0.1% polyphenon-60) over 30 weeks of period of treatment exhibits a significant effect in decreased the incidence of renal cell tumors greater than 3 mm in diameter but not tumors that are less than 3 mm in diameter, through over expression of antioxidant in suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN) pre-treatment.

Importantly, in alternated gene expression in increased prevalence of cancer in human subjects,
application of green tea polyphenol, catechins have been reported to reverse change of DNA methylation in contributed to the tumor repressive gene of RGS2 (regulator of G-protein signaling 2) in modulated expression of cancers and increased the regulation of conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription) of these genes in ameliorated risk of renal and other cancer(s).

Further more, application of the combination of green tea extract bioactive catechins and epigallocatechin gallate also showed to modulate DNA methylation by attenuating the effect of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) to ensure the fidelity of replication of inherited epigenetic patterns.

Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are associated with increased prevalence of  renal and other tumor(s).

Taken together, Green Tea and its polyphenols bioactive compound catechins and epigallocatechin gallate may have a potential and therapeutic effect in reduced risk and treatment of renal cancer through antioxidants and anti gene alternative activities.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Risk factor for clear cell renal cell carcinoma in Chinese population: a case-control study by Wang G1, Hou J, Ma L, Xie J, Yin J, Xu D, Chang W, Tan X, Su T, Zhang H, Cao G.(PubMed)
(2) [Effects of green tea extract and its components on antioxidant status and activities of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of rats] by [Article in Russian](PubMed)
Kravchenko LV, Trusov NV, Aksenov IV, Avren'eva LI, Guseva GV, Lashneva NV, Tutel'ian VA.

(3) Intakes of coffee, tea, milk, soda and juice and renal cell cancer in a pooled analysis of 13 prospective studies byLee JE1, Hunter DJ, Spiegelman D, Adami HO, Bernstein L, van den Brandt PA, Buring JE, Cho E, English D, Folsom AR, Freudenheim JL, Gile GG, Giovannucci E, Horn-Ross PL, Leitzmann M, Marshall JR, Männistö S, McCullough ML, Miller AB, Parker AS, Pietinen P, Rod riguez C, Rohan TE, Schatzkin A, Schouten LJ, Willett WC, Wolk A, Zhang SM, Smith-Warner SA.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of polyphenon-60 on the development of renal cell tumors in rats treated with N-ethyl-N hydroxyethylnitrosamine byYoshioka N1, Hiasa Y, Cho M, Kitahori Y, Hirao K, Konishi N, Kuwashima S.(PubMed)
(5) Targeting DNA Methylation with Green Tea Catechins by Yiannakopoulou E.C.(Karger)

Herbal Therapy: Green Tea Bioactive Epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in Reduced Risk, Progression and Treatment of and Neuro-Degenerative Diseases

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)

Green tea is found to consist a substantial and respectful effect in reduced risk, progression and treatment of neuro-degenerative diseases, some scientists opinionated.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Neuro degenerative diseases are a class of conditions characterized by deteriorating neurons and accumulated plaque in blocking the neuro transmitters of the brain and spinal cords in performance of normal functions.

According to the statistic, approximately, 5 million Americans suffer from Alzheimer's disease, 1 million from Parkinson's and 400,000 from multiple sclerosis (MS) today, inducing overwhelming social, economic and health care burden on society.

The differentiation of green tea bioactive constituents in risk of neuro-degenerative diseases was found to associate to numbers of mechanism through many different aspects.

The investigation of green tea bioactive epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) activities in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) mediated systemic inflammation in induction of neurodegenerative diseases suggested that application of green tea chemical constituent demonstrated a significant effect in ameliorated LPS induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines of tumor necrosis factor alphaTNF-α, a cell signalling protein involved in systemic inflammation in the acute phase of infection, and interleukin 1 beta (IL1β), an cytokine with function in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections or sterile insults and interleukin 6 (IL-6) involved in inflammation and infection responses, particularly, in the inhibition of the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs), consisting lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) with function to clear away of debris in the infection site.

The activation of inflammatory cytokines expression caused by lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) injection can trigger neurotoxicity, leading to neurons brains progressive degeneration, resulting in elevated risk of neuro degenerative diseases.

Application of  green tea bioactive epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) was found not only inhibited LPS in precipitation of toxicity in resolved inflammation and mediated neuroprotection but also exerted anti toxicity through its antioxidant activity in decreased expression of reactive oxygen species in triggered brain cell apoptosis.

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) acts as both pro-inflammatory cytokines and an anti-inflammatory mytokines with function involved inflammation responses at sites of acute and chronic infection.

Further analysis of green tea Epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in the aspect of ROS in risk of neuro-degeneration in the dentate gyrus, part of the hippocampus and/or hippocampal formation of C57Bl/6 mice, suggested that the application promoted neural precursor cell, (a partially differentiated cell) proliferation, without changes at the level of immature and mature new neurons.

Interestingly, in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in male Balb/C mice, injection of green tea bioactive compounds in different doses also expressed a strong implication of increased cells survival without affecting cell proliferation but decreasing apoptotic cells.

The increased production of neuro precursor cell in stimulated neuro generation and increased cell survival from green tea was attributed to the green tea antioxidants acted as free radical scavengers to ameliorate chain reaction stimulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Further more, green tea treatment was found to promote production of more elaborated dendritic (structures on the neuron that receive electrical messages) trees in young DCX-positive neurons with function in acquisition of spatial learning, as well as reversal learning, but not the retrieval of stored long-term memories.

Implication of green tea bio compounds EGCG also significantly increased net growth and development of nervous tissue in the adult hippocampus and hippocampal levels of phospho-Akt.in regulated multiple cellular processes, including glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription and cell migration by re-establishing the function of PI3K in intracellular signaling pathway.

Dr. Neha Atulkumar Singh, the lead author in the article of "Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)",said, "there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death" and "assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain".

Taken together, green bioactive compound, EGCG may represent a potent and useful neuroprotective agent for inflammation-mediated neurological disorders and be considered as useful principle in modulated brain plasticity.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(2) Potential neuroprotective properties of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG).
Singh NA1, Mandal AK2, Khan ZA3.(PubMed)

(*) Neuroprotective Activity of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate against Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Cytotoxicity by Liu JB1, Zhou L1, Wang YZ2, Wang X2, Zhou Y2, Ho WZ3, Li JL2.(PubMed)

(*) Green tea compound epigallo-catechin-3-gallate (EGCG) increases neuronal survival in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and in vitro by Ortiz-López L1, Márquez-Valadez B2, Gómez-Sánchez A1, Silva-Lucero MD3, Torres-Pérez M1, Téllez-Ballesteros RI1, Ichwan M4, Meraz-Ríos MA5, Kempermann G6, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB7.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Lentils (Pulse) in Ameliorated Risk, Progression and Treatment of Diabetes

Kyle J. Norton

Consumed lentils daily and regularly may have potential and therapeutic effect in reduced risk, progression and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, some scientists suggested.

Lentil, a type of pulse and tiny legumes that can be cooked quickly and rich in protein and fiber, is a bushy annual plant of genus Lens to the Fabaceaefamily, native to Middle East.

Diabetes is a chronic condition of metabolic disorders with abnormal high blood glucose.

Investigation of lentils intake in risk of type 2 diabetes was found to associate to numbers of implication through various aspects in hormone production.

In the study of 131 male Nile rats aged 3 weeks to 15 months in four experiments with 15 dietary exposures to various Glycemic Index (GI, 36-88), GLoad (102-305/2000 kcal), and cumulative GLoad (Cum GLoad=days×GLoad, 181-537g total glucose), researchers found that lentil diets with low GLoads (102, 202) treated group displayed not only a significantly reduced fasting and glucose levels observed by oral glucose tolerance test but also decreased expression of adipose tissue in stimulated production of blood glucose through necropsy findings.

Further analysis also indicated that the benefit from low GLoad lentils intake during the length of 7-17 weeks experiment demonstrated a strong inhibition of rats inherently susceptible or resistant to T2DM, measured by random glucose above or below 75 mg/dl, with benefits exceeded dietary factors such as micro-nutrients, macro-nutrient composition, total fiber and dietary caloric density containing in the tiny legume. 

Based on information collected in the weeks of study, Dr. Bolsinger J, the lead author postulated, " Measuring total food intake and the novel concept of cumulative GLoad during growth generated strong correlations between cummunlative GLoad and parameters of .....and T2DM, especially during sexual maturation".

Additionally, in the examine the regular consumption of the germinated lentils also opinionated that intake of lentils expresses a significant effect in improved blood glucose metabolism through hormone production in regulated circulation of glucose through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis controlled by the α-cells of the pancreas in hours after fasting.

Indeed, during the first 8–12 hours of fasting, glycogenolysis controlled by hormone glucagon produced by pancreas in regulated the process to make available of glucose to convert food intake to energy required for the normal functioning of the organs in the body and deposited the access in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates and stimulated liver production of gluconeogenesis to generate glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids in case of lower blood glucose in maintaining proper glucose in the blood.

Any disruption of these processes may result in abnormal blood glucose levels in the blood stream and induce early onset of prediabetes, particularly, in the deficiencies or abnormalities in other glucoregulatory hormones.

Further differentiation, also discovered that lentils high flavonoid and fiber content exert a significant role in improved gut motility and  gut microbiota in metabolic glucose through production of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and gastroinhibitory peptide (GIP) from the L-cells of the intestine.

In fact, the regulation of glucose metabolism was also found to involve many different hormone mechnisms, including glucoregulatory hormones such as insulin, glucagon, amylin, GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), epinephrine, cortisol, and growth hormone, with only insulin, amylin and glucagon produced by pancreas.

Moreover, lentils intake also expressed a therapeutic effect in regulated starch digestibility through theirs' glycemic load in the glycemic index, to maintain average glucose levels in healthy adults and reduce the glucose levels in diabetes in deceased risk of diabetes complications.

The efficacy of pulses, a dry, edible variety of beans, peas, and lentils as a member of both the protein and vegetable food groups with high content of plant-based protein and dietary fiber in improve numerical health benefits may be a result to influence the change of last two revisions of the Dietary Guidelines, from the MyPyramid "meat and beans group" to the MyPlate "protein foods group" in encouraged US population to consumed more of food sources, like pulses.

Taken together, pulse such as lentils may be considered as functional food to reduce risk of abnormal glucose levels in the blood stream of healthy adults and  progression and treatment of diabetes, particularly, in diminished diabetes complications.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1)Low glycemic load diets protect against metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the male Nile rat by Bolsinger J1, Landstrom M2, Pronczuk A3, Auerbach A4, Hayes KC5.(PubMed)
(2) Polyphenol-Rich Lentils and Their Health Promoting Effects by Kumar Ganesan ID and Baojun Xu (Internation Journal of molecule science)
(2) Legume consumption is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes incidence in adults: A prospective assessment from the PREDIMED study by Becerra-Tomás N1, Díaz-López A1, Rosique-Esteban N2, Ros E3, Buil-Cosiales P4, Corella D5, Estruch R6, Fitó M7, Serra-Majem L8, Arós F9, Lamuela-Raventós RM10, Fiol M11, Santos-Lozano JM12, Díez-Espino J4, Portoles O5, Salas-Salvadó J13; PREDIMED Study Investigators(PubMed)
(3) Dietary guidance for pulses: the challenge and opportunity to be part of both the vegetable and protein food groups by Havemeier S1, Erickson J1, Slavin J1.(PubMed)
(4) Glucose Metabolism and Regulation: Beyond Insulin and Glucagon byStephen L. Aronoff, MD, FACP, FACE, Kathy Berkowitz, APRN, BC, FNP, CDE, Barb Shreiner, RN, MN, CDE, BC-ADM and Laura Want, RN, MS, CDE, CCRC, BC-ADM(American Diabetes Association)

Alternative Therapy: Yoga as an Integrated Form of Exercise in Reduced Risk and Treatment of Postpartum Depression

Kyle J. Norton 

Postpartum yoga practicing may have a profound and positive effect in reduced risk and treatment of
postpartum depression, epidemiological studies suggested.
Postpartum depression is medical condition suffered by a mother following childbirth, as a result of hormonal changes and psychological adjustment to motherhood,......affecting Up to 20% of women.

Yoga, the ancient practical technique for harmonized external and internal body well beings, through breath control, meditation, bodily movement and gesture..... has been best known for people in Western world and some parts in Asia due to health benefits reported by various respectable institutes' research and supported by health advocates.

In a study of 57 postpartum women with scores ≥12 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale randomly assigned to a yoga class consisted of 16 classes over 8 weeks.(N = 28) or wait-list control (N = 29) group, researchers found that yoga group demonstrated a significantly greater rate of improvement in depression, anxiety, and HRQOL, in compared to the control and 78% of women in the yoga group experienced clinically significant change, according to the Reliable Change Index analyses.

Indeed, yoga participation in deep relaxation and meditation creates a state of self consciousness  
to cope with psychological stress caused by postpartum depression by accepting the presence with the positive feelings and dealing the situation with love and care.

Physically, by driving the mental expression in the right direction to deal with stress in the right way, yoga intervention eventually induced the returning of proper hormone secretion.

Psychologically, yoga breathing and mediation promoted central nervous system calmness and relaxation may have strong implications in reduced psychic symptoms such as anxiety, depression, stress...improving sleep pattern, particularly in relieving sleep deprivation, one of major risk factor of postpartum depression.

More importantly, Dr. MacDonald C, in study of "mother and baby yoga is good for you" suggested that postpartum yoga class can also benefits both mother and baby.

Truly, with the mother and baby attended the class together, yoga exercise not only induced a strong bond and improved relationship between mother and baby but also brought the mother back to the presence in loving and caring of the baby in the natural motherhood consciousness, through deep breathing and meditation.

There is no doubt that yoga stretching and posturing also had a profound and therapeutic effect in restoring the pelvic floor and strengthened the abdomen and reduced physical pain in the mother as a result of muscles over stretch in months of pregnancy and improved the baby digestive system and physical health, acceptance of new environment and interaction with mother and "class mate".

Interestingly the study to evaluate the effect of yoga and Pilate exercises in treating postpartum depression, 28 women at 2-6 months postpartum assigned to 'Yoga and Pilates Exercise Programme for Postpartum Woman' in group sessions once a week for three months (12 times total) for 60 minutes each time by a professional coach, after taking into account of other con founders indicated that both Yoga and Pilate interventions showed a significant decrease of postpartum depression, after completing the program and displayed significant reductions of body weight, body fat percentage, fat mass and basic metabolic rate.

Dr. Ko YL the led authors said, "physical activities benefited the physical and mental health of postpartum women and enhanced their quality of life".

Taking altogether, Yoga as an integrated form of study may be used as an adjunct exercise in reduced risk and treatment of Postpartum depression.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Mother and baby yoga is good for you by MacDonald C.(PubMed)
(2) Community-based postpartum exercise program by Ko YL1, Yang CL, Fang CL, Lee MY, Lin PC.(PubMed)
(3) Efficacy of yoga for depressed postpartum women: A randomized controlled trial by Buttner, M1, Brock RL2, O'Hara MW2, Stuart S3(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Lentils Intake in Attenuated Risk and Progression of Atherosclerosis

Kyle J. Norton

Lentil intake may have a potential effect in reduced risk, progression and treatment of atherosclerosis, some scientists proposed.

Lentil, a type of pulse and tiny legumes that can be cooked quickly and rich in protein and fiber, is a bushy annual plant of genus Lens to the Fabaceaefamily, native to Middle East.

Atherosclerosis is a medical condition of plaque accumulated in the inner part of the arteries, leading to reduce levels of oxygen-rich and nurients blood to your heart and other parts of your body.

According to statistic, 13.8% of adults of 20 years and above were diagnosed with atherosclerosis in 2010 with motility rate of 32%, approximately.

In the study to examine a hydroalcoholic extract isolated from lentils activity in induction of hypocholesterolemic action and the potential prebiotic effect through evaluating the concentration of bile acids in the feces in an animal model, after 71 days of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats, researchers found that application of lentil extract (LE) displays a significantly reduced cholesterol level by 16.8% and increased secretion of the level of bile acids in the feces of rats by induced production of prebiotic to selective stimulation of growth of  limited numbers of micro-bacteria  in the gut microbiota.

The improvement of lentil extract (LE) in lowering levels of cholesterol probably was attributed to prebiotic action induced by the extract in mediated α-glucans metabolism in probiotic bacteria in reduced serum cholesterol levels and β-glucans in enhanced good gut bacteria and reduced bad cholesterol accumulation.

There is a report suggested that intake oat fiber β-glucan levels of least 3 g per day can significant decrease the levels of saturated fats in the blood which has been found to contribute to substantial risk of heart disease.

Further observation also indicated that lentil extract (LE) increases function of digestive tract in decreased cholesterol absorption which can be viewed by examining greater bile acid presence in the animal feces.

After taking into account of other con founders, Dr. Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, the lead scientist postulated, "This new hydroalcoholic extract obtained from lentils was shown to possess hypocholesterolemic and prebiotic properties, and could have interesting applications in the field of nutraceuticals".

Additionally, in the testing of potential of high-Se lentils effect cultivated from the Canadian prairies as a therapeutic food to alter the outcome of arsenic (As)-enhanced atherosclerosis in male ApoE(-/-) mice exposed to a moderate level of As (200ppb) in their drinking water, and control mice on tap water received one of three lentil diets: Se-deficient (0.009mg/kg), Se-adequate (0.16mg/kg) or Se-high (0.3mg/kg), after 13 weeks, researchers indicated that mice group treated with moderate level of As demonstrated a elevated levels of plaque formatiom, accumulated in the aortic arch and sinus, in compared to a completely eliminated levels of As in the aortic arch of mice treated with Se-high lentil diet, but increased in As-exposed mice and on both the Se-deficient and Se-adequate diets.

Notably, observation of the ratio of high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein also indicated that selenium plays an important role in proatherogenic composition of serum lipids as the cholesterol levels were seen to increase in As-exposed mice and on both the Se-deficient and Se-adequate diets.

Moreover, mice groups exposured to As in both Se-deficient and Se-adequate diets also expressed significant levels of oxidative stress caused by over expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased levels of antioxidant in compared to Se fortified diet mice group, measured by intralesional cellular composition and hepatic oxidative stress assays.

Indeed, adding High-Se lentils diet into human populations living in countries with As contamination of drinking water may be one of good application in protection against As-triggered atherosclerosis.

Taking altogether, intake of lentils with or without selenium fortification may be considered as a whole food therapeutic treatment in attenuated risk and progression of atherosclerosis, particularly, in high risk adults.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Source
(1) Evaluation of the hypocholesterolemic effect and prebiotic activity of a lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) extract by Micioni Di Bonaventura MV1, Cecchini C2,3, Vila-Donat P4, Caprioli G4, Cifani C1, Coman MM2,3, Cresci A2,3, Fiorini D5, Ricciutelli M4, Silvi S2,3, Vittori S4, Sagratini G4.(PubMed)
(2) High-selenium lentil diet protects against arsenic-induced atherosclerosis in a mouse model by Krohn RM1, Lemaire M2, Negro Silva LF3, Lemarié C4, Bolt A2, Mann KK2, Smits JE5.(PubMed)

Food therapy: Lentils Intake in Weight Loss and Complications and Treatment of Obesity

By Kyle J. Norton

In take of lentils' pulses daily and regularly may have a substantial and profound effect in reduced risk and treatment of obesity, some scientists postulated.

Lentil, a type of pulse and tiny legumes that can be cooked quickly and rich in protein and fiber, is a bushy annual plant of genus Lens of the Fabaceae family, native to Middle East.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

The investigation of lentils' pulses in risk of obesity has been found to associate to several mechanisms involving numbers of aspects.

In the review of  medical literature published online of databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library through 11 May 2015 for randomized controlled trials of ≥3 wk of duration, met the criteria and guideline, researchers indicated that out of 21 trial including 940 participants selected, intake of pulse has a significant effect in reduced mean of weight loss of .34 kg during 6 weeks of application in compared to control diet without adding dietary pulse.

Further analysis, also suggested that the weight reduction was also correlated to the effect of dietary pulse implication in decreased energy intake as well as exhibited progression in weigh maintenance in tested subjects.

Particularly,  the percentage fat concentration of pulse injection attendees also wss found to reduce substantially in compared to control with no restriction to calories intake.

Additional comparison of the effect of dietary pulses (beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils) on acute satiety and second meal intake with isocaloric diets, in a systematic review and meta-analysis from data extracted from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Registry (through May 6, 2013) conducted by the University of Toronto, showed that dietary pulses produce a 31% greater satiety incremental area under the curve (IAUC), according to ratio of means (RoMs) without affecting second meal intake in compared to a moderate-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diet.

The greater satiety in pulse intake may form a base in improved dietary habit in the United States to include more consumption of dry beans, peas and lentils, rich sources of nutrients and phytochemicals.

The US Department of Agriculture's (New) recently recommended that MyPyramid guidelines should have a doubling dietary intake for vegetables, particularly, in subgroups of vegetables, including dry beans, peas and lentils.

Further differentiation of the pulse intake in obese subjected also indicated that adding a portion of lentils into daily diet may have a potential effect in reduced  the incidence of obesity and diabetes through phenolic-rich lentils inversely associate to increased blood glucose and lipid accumulation.

And intake of pulse frequently also may lend a sustainable effect in reduced food intake and waist conference and induced weight loss through the expression of antinutrients and energy regulation activities.

More importantly, with low GI range from ∼29 to 48 (using glucose as the standard), pulse carbohydrates are slowly digested due to the presence of several constituents, including carbohydrate composition, protein content and protein-starch matrix, and antinutrient factors such as enzyme inhibitors in compared to other healthy food with GI of 32–36 for dairy, 39–64 for fruit, 42–72 for grains, 49–80 for breakfast cereals, and 49–97 for root vegetables.

According some studies, examining the potential associations between pulse consumption and weight status consistently show that individuals with lower BMI consume a greater amount of pulses as part of their usual diet and pulse diet expressed an inverse association of the dietary pattern incorporating pulses with BMI or BMI increase over time.

Taking altogether, there is no doubt that intake of lentils daily and regularly have a potential and therapeutic effect in reduced risk and treatment of obesity, particularly in decreased risk of obese incidences of complication.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Effects of dietary pulse consumption on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Kim SJ1, de Souza RJ2, Choo VL1, Ha V3, Cozma AI4, Chiavaroli L1, Mirrahimi A5, Blanco Mejia S1, Di Buono M6, Bernstein AM7, Leiter LA8, Kris-Etherton PM9, Vuksan V8, Beyene J10, Kendall CW11, Jenkins DJ8, Sievenpiper JL12.(PubMed)
(2) Dietary pulses, satiety and food intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis of acute feeding trials by Li SS1, Kendall CW, de Souza RJ, Jayalath VH, Cozma AI, Ha V, Mirrahimi A, Chiavaroli L, Augustin LS, Blanco Mejia S, Leiter LA, Beyene J, Jenkins DJ, Sievenpiper JL.(PubMed)
(3) Polyphenol-Rich Lentils and Their Health Promoting Effects by Kumar Ganesan ID and Baojun Xu (Internation Journal of molecule science)

Alternative Therapy: Yoga Practice in treatment of Illicit Substance Abuse

Kyle J. Norton

Epidemiological studies strongly suggested that yoga intervention may have positive and therapeutic effects for treatment of illicit substance abuse.

Yoga, the ancient practical technique for harmonized external and internal body well beings, through breath control, meditation, bodily movement and gesture..... has been best known for people in Western world and some parts in Asia due to health benefits reported by various respectable institutes' research and supported by health advocates.

The review of literature published online of database from January 1980 to January 2009 to evaluate the effects of yoga in patients with addictive disorders, based on the standard criteria and guidelines, suggested that yoga intervention exhibited some differential improvement across conditions which were maintained during follow-up, including psychiatric symptoms, particularly in the level of perceived stress, as well as improved mental state of substance abusers to accept unusual physical sensations, thus reducing from a strong urge and act impulsively.

In deed, the reduced temptation and  impulsive act of substance abusers to reach for illicit substance can be attributed to yoga relaxation and meditation intervention in induced harmonization of the body and mind in feelings of peace and comfort to deal with increased addictive temptation and to cop and tolerate the uncomfortable feelings and physical sensations that can lead to relapse.

Some researchers suggested that the developing positive relationship with physical sensation is one of the reason to facilitate the calmness and relaxation in bringing one's attention to experiences occurring in the present moment, while letting go of them or deal them in a positive way, thus reducing the urge for sedatives, pain relievers, amphetamines, and alcohol.

In the aspect of hormonal imbalance caused by stress induced  anxiety disorders, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse, yoga intervention expressed a significant effect in reduced stress through mediation and relaxation by calming the mind and body through reduced tension of CNS. Without influence of stress, hormone balancing was automatically restored, particularly in secretion of stress hormones cortisol and adrenaline.

More importantly, by bring the yoga participants into a relaxed state, yoga intervention improved the  mind in react to presence and focus on deal the compulsion in the right way to prevent relapsing.

Dr. Skanavi S, the led author said, " Practice of mindfulness may develop the ability to maintain perspective in response to strong emotional states and mood fluctuations and increase the saliency of natural reinforcers. Mindfulness based programs require an intensive participation, and should therefore be proposed to highly motivated patients".

Not surprisingly, in the testing of the general belief that the efficacy of incorporating mindfulness practices into the treatment of addiction, Dr, Witkiewitz K, the led authors conducted a review of theoretical models of mindfulness in the treatment of addiction and several hypothesized mechanisms of change and found that yoga mindfulness addresss a relapse prevention (MBRP), including session content, treatment targets, and client feedback may be considered as a secondary therapeutic exercise in combined with standart treatment in treating illicit substance abuse patients.

According to the Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University in reviews the philosophical origins, current scientific evidence, and clinical promise of yoga and mindfulness as complementary therapies for addiction, yoga mindfulness improved the well being of the skills, insights, and self-awareness may be used in target multiple psychological, neural, physiological, and behavioral processes implicated in addiction and relapse.

Truly, yoga mindfulness enhanced the relaxation of calmness state to improve participant desire to control the circumstances while building physical strength, endurance, and psychological awareness in time of stress and sadness...... to face the presence directly in a new way. 

Furthermore, the study also indicated that the above treatment have been proven in some well-designed clinical trials and experimental laboratory studies on smoking, alcohol dependence, and illicit substance use, but preventing addiction was lack.

Dr. Khanna S, the led author said, " ....better understand what types of yoga and mindfulness-based interventions work best for what types of addiction, what types of patients, and under what conditions".

Based on the information in analysis, the study also emphasized that yoga mindfulness may be used as integrated form of intervention to reduced both psychological and physical aspects in patients with illicit substance abuse, especially in reduced the impulsive urge of temptation.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years

Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) [Mindfulness based interventions for addictive disorders: a review].[Article in French] by Skanavi S1, Laqueille X, Aubin HJ.(PubMed)
(2) Mindfulness-based treatment to prevent addictive behavior relapse: theoretical models and hypothesized mechanisms of change by Witkiewitz K1, Bowen S, Harrop EN, Douglas H, Enkema M, Sedgwick C.(PubMed)
(3) A narrative review of yoga and mindfulness as complementary therapies for addiction by Khanna S1, Greeson JM.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Lentils and Whole Food Lectin, A Treatment and Biomarker and Therapeutic Targets for treatment of Cervical cancer

Kyle J. Norton

 Protein binding lectin (including lectin isolated from lentils) may have a positive and profound effect for treatment of cancers and used as a new type of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in treatment of cervical cancer, some scientists suggested.

Lentil a type of pulse and tiny legumes that can be cooked quickly and rich in protein and fiber is a bushy annual plant of genus Lens in the Fabaceae family, native to Middle East.

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with function to specifically interact with other carbohydrate moieties.

The investigation of the effect of protein binding lectin for treatment of cancers and as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in treatment of cervical cancer, was depending to expression of certain mechanisms in some aspects.

In the study of the effect of Frutalin, α-D-galactose-binding lectin, isolated from Pichia pastoris and native frutalin on cervical cancer cell line HeLa measured by confocal microscopy, researchers found that Frutalin expressed a significant magnitude in induction of cytotoxicity on cell growth and cell apoptosis in tested HeLa cell line through targeting HeLa cell's nucleus. 

Additionally, in other study to evaluate the association of specific mbl-2 alleles(mannose-binding lectin (MBL)) and susceptibility to HPV infection of 150 patients with HPV and 277 control subjects with no HPV, scientists suggested that there is potential linking of expression of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in high risk HPV in induction of cervical cancer, but patients with the mbl-2 alternative phenotypes gene represented a least significant risk for the group with HPV, even though, the frequency of high-producer mbl-2 genotypes  was found higher in patients with HPV than in control.

Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), is a serum lectin with function in signalling innate immunity in mediated phagocytosis via the lectin pathway.

Further more, the study to find a new type of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for treatment of cervical cancer by evaluating Galectin-1, -3 and -9, the proteins bind β-galactoside sugars via lectin pathway indicated that galectin expression was found to associate to tumor cells, tumor epithelium infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells in squamous cervical cancer.

Indeed, tested tumor cells, fibroblasts, macrophages and T cells all expressed the presence of galectins in different scores.

Galectin-1 and -9 were both expressed by tumor cells in 11% of samples, while 84% expressed galectin-3.

Moreover, the Strong galectin-1 expression by tumor cells as an independent predictor was found to associate to poor survival and correlated with increased tumor invasion in compared to weak and positive tumor cell galectin-3 expression in correlated with increased and decreased tumor invasion and tumor cell expression of galectin-9 showed a trend toward improved survival.

In depht evaluation also found that tumor CD163+ macrophages associated to progression and prognostication of cervical cancers was predominant immune cell type found to expressing galectin-1, -3 and -9. More precisely, Galectin-1 and -3 were expressed by a minor population of T cells and Galectin-1 was mainly expressed by fibroblasts in the tumor stroma.

After taking into account of other con founder, researchers concluded that Galectin-1 expression might be used as a marker to target more aggressive anti-cervical cancer treatment.

Taken together, protein binding lectins may have a potential effect in induction of cells apoptosis and proliferation on cervical cancer

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Galectin-1, -3 and -9 Expression and Clinical Significance in Squamous Cervical Cancer by Punt S1, Thijssen VL2, Vrolijk J3, de Kroon CD4, Gorter A1, Jordanova ES5.(PubMed)
(2) Mannose-binding lectin in high-risk human papillomavirus infection by Tsai CC1, Lin TM, You HL, Eng HL.(PubMed)
(3) Cytotoxic Effects of Native and Recombinant Frutalin, a Plant Galactose-Binding Lectin, on HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells by Carla Oliveira, Ana Nicolau, José A. Teixeira, and Lucília Domingues(PMC)

Herbal Therapy: Green Tea and Green Tea Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) In Protection and Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Disease

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea phenolic content may have a sustainable and therapeutic effect in reduced risk and progression of retinal degeneration, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Retinal degeneration is a macular disease characterized by impaired vision, night blindness, retinal detachment, light sensitivity, tunnel vision, and loss of peripheral vision to total loss of vision.

The evaluation of green tea effect in risk of retinal degeneration was found to be implicated by several mechanisms through numbers of aspects.

In ROS implication of oxidative stress-induced degeneration of the retina occurred in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma, application of green tea polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) exhibited antioxidant effect as free radical scavenger in ameliorated chain reaction of ROS in causing loss of neuron with direct effects of retinal function and reduced cytotoxicy of free radicals in induction of retinal cellular apoptosis.

Administration of green tea phynolic compound exerted 10 times more effective in treatment of retinal degeneration, in compared to potent medicine trolox (vitamin E analogue) in attenuating lipid peroxidation caused by the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), according to the study.

Particularly, green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibited a significant decrease in photoreceptor-specific markers (RET-P1, rhodopsin kinase) which may be an indication of photoreceptor cells in the transition to degenerate prematurely, eventually resulting in blindness and an increase in the cell death marker caspase-3 caused by oxidative stress induced by injection of sodium nitroprusside (SNP)

According to the observation by Western blotting techniques, SNP was completely inhibited by EGCG injection in ameliorated the detrimental effects to the retina caused by SNP. 

Dr. Zhang B, the co-author said, "Since oxidative stress has been implicated in retinal diseases like AMD and glaucoma this study provides "proof of principle" for the idea that daily intake of EGCG may help individuals suffering from retinal diseases where oxidative stress is implicated".

More interestingly, in BALB/cJ mice treated with either EGCG or saline via intraperitoneal (IP) injection, and then placed under constant cool white light-emitting diode (LED) light (10,000 lux) for 5 h, EGCG treatment group showed a strong protective effect on the retina against light damage (LD) in compared to the control group.

According to the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and and electroretinography (ERG),  in the examine the retinal structure and function after LD indicated that application of green tea EGCG improved significantly higher ERG amplitudes for all three wave types through inducing morphologic protection of photoreceptors also in compared to control.

Moreover, the green tea extract bio-compound also decreased oxidative stress through increase the mRNA level of the antioxidant expression of Sod2, a manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) before LD and 24 h after LD.

Dr. Qi S1,, the lead author said, "The IP injection of EGCG attenuated the detrimental effects of bright light on the retinas of BALB/cJ mice by protecting the structure and function of the retina".

Importantly, in study to evaluate green tea EGCG effect in reduced  glutamate  induced excitotoxicity in the retina, researchers conducted a study of female Wistar rats (n = 171) randomly signed into a normal control group (n = 9); saline control group with intravitreal saline injections (n = 54); NMDA control group with an intravitreal NMDA injection and intraperitoneal saline injections (n = 54); and NMDA study group (n = 54) receiving an intravitreal NMDA injection plus intraperitoneal EGCG (25 mg/kg) injections, observation of the groups at 2 weeks after additional injection of NMDA showed that group with treatment of intraperitoneal application of EGCG reduced a significantly less marked NMDA-associated loss of retinal ganglion cell, through inhibition of decreasing retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), neurons located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye in received visual information from photoreceptors via cell density and thickness of Thy-1 immunoreactivity in several areas of the immature and adult human brain in expression of retinal ganglion cell damage.

Taken together, there is no doubt that Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol of green tea, may be considered as secondary therapeutic treatment used combination with standard therapy for protection and treatment of retinal degenerative disease 

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299

Sources

(1) Oxidative-induced retinal degeneration is attenuated by epigallocatechin gallate by Zhang B1, Osborne NN(PubMed)
(2) Neuroprotective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity in the adult rat retina by Chen F1, Jiang L, Shen C, Wan H, Xu L, Wang N, Jonas JB(PubMed)

(3) Intraperitoneal injection of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects against light-induced photoreceptor degeneration in the mouse retina by Qi S1,2, Wang C1,2, Song D2, Song Y2, Dunaief JL2.(PubMed)--

Herbal Therapy: Green Tea and Green Tea Catechins In reduced Risk and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reduced risk and treatment of pancreatic cancer, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Pancreatic cancer is medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of pancreas. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may travel a distance away to invade other healthy tissues and organs.

According to statistic, the average lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer for both men and women is about 1 in 65.

In the analysis of medical literature published online, green tea catechins,  epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) effect in reduced risk and treatment of pancreatic cancer was attributed to the contributions of various mechanisms.

In human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines PancTu-I, Panc1, Panc89 and BxPC3, to compare the inhibited effect of EGCG to 2 components of catechins, namely, catechin gallate (CG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), application of green tea 2 catechins components demonstrated a strong effect in inhibited proliferation of PDAC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
In comparison test, green tea CG and ECG exerted much stronger anti-proliferation effects than those of EGCG.

The proliferation of PancTu-I cells retained by green tea catechin was attributed to the antioxidant effect in interference of the cancer cell division cycle through mediating the cytokines in modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as cyclins, a cell division regulators, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes activated by cyclins in regulated cell progression through cell cycle arrest, and CDK inhibitors with function in prevented over proliferation of cancer cells.

Additionally, all 3 components of green tea catechins also demonstrated a substantiated effect in ameliorated secretion of pro-inflammatory and invasion promoting proteins of the cancer cell through expression of TNF tumor necrosis factor in activated of the nuclear factor NF-κB protein signalling involved mediation of DNA transcript, pro inflammatory cytokines production and cancer cell survival.

Tumor necrosis factor is a cell signaling protein possessed a wide range of proinflammatory actions

NF-κB is a protein with function in controlled transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival.

Further analysis once again found that green tea catechins ECG and CG exhibit potent and much stronger anti-proliferate and anti-inflammatory activities on PDAC cells in compared to EGCG

In human pancreatic cancer cells lines MIA PaCa-2 cells, injection of green tea EGCG plus Bleomycin, (BLM), an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drug displayed a substantial effect in inhibited cell proliferation through cell cycle transition phase arrest and mitochondrial depolarization by mitochondrial permeability transition in induction of cell apoptosis, after 72 hours.

Additional examination,  indicate that EGCG and BLM exhibited anti-proliferative effects significantly in induced apoptosis of MIA PaCa-2 cells and suggested that this combination could represent a new strategy with potential advantages for treatment of pancreatic cancer.

In pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1, injection of pterostilbene isolated from blue berry and EGCG expressed a strongly additive antiproliferative effect after 72 hours with MIA underwent S-phase arrest but not in cancer cell line PANC-1.

Both pterostilbene and EGCG induced mitochondrial depolarization in enhanced cytochrome c released from mitochondria to trigger programmed cell death during the early stages of apoptosis was observed also in MIA, but not in PANC

EGCG increased caspase-3/7 function in induced cell apoptosis in MIA but the combined treatment did not significantly increase the activity in either cell lines. these contradictory activities may indicate that cell death occurs in MIA, possibly through another mechanism.

Taking altogether, green tea with abundant antioxidant catechins may be used as adjunct therapy for reduced risk and combined standard medicine for treatment of pancreatic cancer.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic 
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half  

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Epicatechin gallate and catechin gallate are superior to epigallocatechin gallate in growth suppression and anti-inflammatory activities in pancreatic tumor cells. by Kürbitz C1, Heise D, Redmer T, Goumas F, Arlt A, Lemke J, Rimbach G, Kalthoff H, Trauzold A.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and bleomycin on human pancreatic cancerMiaPaca-2 cell growth by Bimonte S#1, Leongito M#1, Barbieri A2, Del Vecchio V2, Barbieri M1, Albino V1, Piccirillo M1, Amore A1, Di Giacomo R1, Nasto A1, Granata V3, Petrillo A3, Arra C2, Izzo F1.(PubMed)
(3) Inhibitory effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and pterostilbene on pancreatic cancer growth in vitro by Kostin SF1, McDonald DE, McFadden DW.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Lentils (Legumes) in Reduced Risk, Progression and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

Kyle J. Norton

Daily and regularly intake of lentils may have a potential and therapeutic effect in reduced risk and treatment of metabolic syndrome, some researchers suggested.

Lentil, a type of pulse and tiny legume that can be cooked quickly and rich in protein and fiber is a bushy annual plant of genus Lens pf the Fabaceae family, native to Middle East.

Metabolic syndrome is a set of conditions characterized by increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels which are considered as risk factors of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Investigation of lentils effect in risk of metabolic syndrome was depending to numbers of mechanism through several aspects.

The testing of low-GLoad foods effect in metabolic syndrome occurrence with 131 male Nile rats aged 3 weeks to 15 months randomly assigned to 15 dietary exposures of varied Glycemic Index (GI, 36-88), GLoad (102-305/2000 kcal), and cumulative GLoad (Cum GLoad=days×GLoad, 181-537g total glucose), indicated that lentil diets with low GLoads (102, 202) displayed a significant effect in reduced onset and treatment of metabolic syndrome in compared to other food with higher glycemic index.

More specifically, the benefit from lentils exceeded dietary factors of conbined macronutrient composition (%Energy from carbohydrate:fat:protein, between 70:10:20 to 40:40:20), total fiber (0-24%), or dietary caloric density (2.9-4.7 kcal/g) found in the legume.

Additionally, the experiment also found that lentil diet even reversed the progression in metabolic syndrome and diabetes expression in the tested Nile rats.

According to the randomized assays, intake of lentils over 15 dietary exposures decreased factors of insulin resistance, lower blood sugars, particular in fasting glucose levels as well as improving levels of blood lipid and ratio of cholesterol= high density choleaterol#/ total cholesterol#.

Inspection of total food intake of tested rat also demonstrated a strong correlation between the cumulative GLoad (Cum GLoad=days×GLoad, 181-537g total glucose) and parameters of MetS and T2DM.

In other word, longer term intake of lower Gload intake are correlated linearly to lesser prevalence risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

More profoundly, according to the University of Toronto, in the experiment to investigate the effects of frequent consumption (five cups/week over 8 weeks) of pulses (yellow peas, chickpeas, navy beans and lentils), compared with counselling to reduce energy intake by 2093 kJ/d (500 kcal/d), on risk factors of the MetSyn of two groups (nineteen and twenty-one subjects, respectively) of overweight or obese (mean BMI 32·8 kg/m2) adults, measurement of body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood parameters and 24 h food intakes at weeks 1, 4 and 8 and blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and ghrelin were measured after a 75 g oral glucose load at weeks 1 and 8 indicated that frequent consumption (five cups/week over 8 weeks) of pulses displayed a significant and positive effect in reduced energy intake in ubction of weight loss, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glycosylated Hb (HbA1c), and glucose AUC and homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) following the glucose load (P < 0·05) similar to those in energy group.

Glycosylated Hb (HbA1c), a measurement of three-month average plasma glucose concentration is used  to determine risk of diabetes in suspected subject. There is an suggestion of lower HbA1c level by 1% associated to lower 19% risk of diabetes onset.

Homeostatic model is a test with an aim to assess the function of β-cell and insulin resistance (IR) from basal (fasting) glucose and insulin or C-peptide, a proinsulin molecule concentrations.

Further analysis also found that  frequent consumption (five cups/week over 8 weeks) of pulses (yellow peas, chickpeas, navy beans and lentils also increased HDL levels and fasting C-peptide and insulin Area under the curve (AUC) responses in compared to energy group. In deed, the influence of the above parameters was associated linearly and directly to types of diet intake..

More precisely, pulse treatment group showed HDL and C-peptide increased by 4·5 and 12·3 %, respectively, in compared to decreased by 0·8 and 7·6 %, respectively, in the energy-restricted group.

Insulin AUC decreased in both females and males on the energy-restricted diet by 24·2 and 4·8 %, respectively, but on the pulse diet it decreased by 13·9 % in females and increased by 27·3 % in males (P < 0·05).

Taken together, there is no doubt that frequent intake of lentils or legume products may have a substantial and direct influence in reduced risk, progression and treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Low glycemic load diets protect against metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the male Nile rat by Bolsinger J1, Landstrom M2, Pronczuk A3, Auerbach A4, Hayes KC5.(PubMed)
(2) Regular consumption of pulses for 8 weeks reduces metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese adults by Mollard RC1, Luhovyy BL, Panahi S, Nunez M, Hanley A, Anderson GH.(PubMed)
(3) A legume-based hypocaloric diet reduces proinflammatory status and improves metabolic features in overweight/obese subjects by Hermsdorff HH1, Zulet MÁ, Abete I, Martínez JA(PubMed)