The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Herbal Bacopa

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatments In Herbal Medicine prospective



E. Bacopa
Commonly known as Waterhyssop or Water Hyssop, the herb is a semi-woody plants, genus of Hyssopus, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the east Mediterranean to central Asia, used in traditional medicine as an antibiotic(660)(659), carminative, antispasmodic, antifungal(661), and antiseptic(661)(662) agents and to treat bronchitis(663), asthma(664), digestive ailments(665)(668), insomnia(666), diabetes(667), edema(669)(670), etc.
a. Increases Cerebral Blood Flow
In cerebral blood flow (CBF), Bacopa monnieri's promoted blood flow through its procognitive effect in comparison via dose-dependent hypotensive actions (671). |Together with Ginkgo biloba and donepezil(671)may be a potential attenuation of dementia, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy(672).

b. Ethnobotanical treatment
Bacopa, ethnobotanically, may be used as brain tonification(676) and to treat various diseases(673), including Alzheimer's disease
through its phytochemicals in alleviation of AD pathology and associated symptoms(674). According to university System HSC College of Medicine, Bacopa monniera extract (BME), administered starting at 2 months of age for either 2 or 8 months on test mice, significant lowered Abeta 1-40 and 1-42 levels in cortex by as much as 60%, and reverses Y-maze performance and open field hyperlocomotion behavioral changes(675). Its natural products (galantamine and rivastigmine), also has been used pharmaceutically for cognitive and behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)(673).

c. Cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression
In olfactory bulbectomized mice, alcoholic extract of Bacopa monnieri(L.) showed to ameliorate memory and emotional deficits(678) and enhanced cognitive performance(679) through its protection of cholinergic systems from OBX-induced neuronal damage(677). In normal healthy participants, the herb also attenuated stress reactivity and mood, through its adaptogenic and nootropic effects, probably via reduction in cortisol levels(680). According to National College of Natural Medicine, standardized dry extract of Bacopamonnieri, promoted the improvement depression scores, combined state plus trait anxiety scores,with few adverse events, primarily stomach(681)

6. Other potential herbs
Herbs used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(682)(683) in traditional medicine, may be due to their effectiveness of phytochemicals in attenuation of oxidative stress and neuro inflammation via neuroglial activation(683).
According to University of Wollongong, herbs and spices, containing high amount of phytochemicals in traditional history of use, with strong roles in cultural heritage, may have a distinguished effect in cognitive decline associated with ageing and the acute effects of psychological and cognitive function(684), probably through active ingredients of spices in modulation of neural response in the peripheral nervous system, via interaction with TRP channel/receptors(685).

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References
(660) Use of the cryptogein gene to stimulate the accumulation of Bacopa saponins in transgenic Bacopa monnieri plants by Majumdar S1, Garai S, Jha S.(PubMed)
(661) Bacopa antifungal(PubMed)
(662) Phytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of Bacopa monnieri and Holmskioldia sanguinea. by Chaudhuri PK1, Srivastava R, Kumar S, Kumar S.(PubMed)
(663) Bacopa asthma(PubMed)
(664) Bronchodilatory and cardiovascular effects of an ethanol extract of Bacopa monniera in anaesthetized rats by Dar A1, Channa S.(PubMed)
(665) Evaluation of memory enhancing clinically available standardized extract of Bacopa monniera on P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A in Sprague-Dawley rats. by Singh R1, Panduri J, Kumar D, Kumar D, Chandsana H, Ramakrishna R, Bhatta RS.(PubMed)
(666) Bacopa monniera Linn. as an antioxidant: mechanism of action. by Tripathi YB1, Chaurasia S, Tripathi E, Upadhyay A, Dubey GP.(PubMed)
(667) Antihyperglycemic activity of bacosine, a triterpene from Bacopa monnieri, in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by Ghosh T1, Maity TK, Singh J.(PubMed)
(668) Effect of Bacopa monniera and Azadirachta indica on gastric ulceration and healing in experimental NIDDM rats by Dorababu M1, Prabha T, Priyambada S, Agrawal VK, Aryya NC, Goel RK.(PubMed)
(669) Anti-inflammatory activity of Bacopa monniera in rodents. by Channa S1, Dar A, Anjum S, Yaqoob M, Atta-Ur-Rahman.(PubMed)
(670) Anti-inflammatory activity of Bacopa monniera in rodents by Channa S1, Dar A, Anjum S, Yaqoob M, Atta-Ur-Rahman(PubMed)
(671) Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis by Stefan Weinmann,1 Stephanie Roll,1 Christoph Schwarzbach,2 Christoph Vauth,2 and Stefan N Willich1(PMC)
(672) Neuropharmacological review of the nootropic herb Bacopa monnieri. by Aguiar S1, Borowski. T.(PubMed)
(673) An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Terai forest of western Nepal by Singh AG1, Kumar A, Tewari DD.(PubMed)
(674) Ethnobotanical treatment strategies against Alzheimer's disease. by Howes MJ1, Houghton PJ.(PubMed)
(675) Bacopa monniera extract reduces amyloid levels in PSAPP mice. by Holcomb LA1, Dhanasekaran M, Hitt AR, Young KA, Riggs M, Manyam BV.(PubMed)
(676) Ethnobotany and research on medicinal plants in India by Jain SK1.(PubMed)
(677) Bacopa monnieri ameliorates memory deficits in olfactory bulbectomized mice: possible involvement of glutamatergic and cholinergic systems by Le XT1, Pham HT, Do PT, Fujiwara H, Tanaka K, Li F, Van Nguyen T, Nguyen KM, Matsumoto K.(PubMed)
(678) Butea superba-induced amelioration of cognitive and emotional deficits in olfactory bulbectomized mice and putative mechanisms underlying its actions by Mizuki D1, Qi Z, Tanaka K, Fujiwara H, Ishikawa T, Higuchi Y, Matsumoto K.(PubMed)
(679) An acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of a special extract ofBacopa monnieri (CDRI 08) on sustained cognitive performance by Downey LA1, Kean J, Nemeh F, Lau A, Poll A, Gregory R, Murray M, Rourke J, Patak B, Pase MP, Zangara A, Lomas J, Scholey A, Stough C.(PubMed)
(680) An acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of Bacopa monnieri(CDRI 08) on multitasking stress reactivity and mood by Benson S1, Downey LA, Stough C, Wetherell M, Zangara A, Scholey A.(PubMed)
(681) Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Calabrese C1, Gregory WL, Leo M, Kraemer D, Bone K, Oken B.(PubMed)
(682) Neuroprotective potential of phytochemicals by Kumar GP1, Khanum F.(PubMed)
(683) Neuroprotective herbs and foods from different traditional medicines and diets. by Iriti M1, Vitalini S, Fico G, Faoro F.(PubMed)
(684) Health benefits of herbs and spices: the past, the present, the future by Tapsell LC1, Hemphill I, Cobiac L, Patch CS, Sullivan DR, Fenech M, Roodenrys S, Keogh JB, Clifton PM, Williams PG, Fazio VA, Inge KE.(PubMed)
(685) Dampened neural activity and abolition of epileptic-like activity in cortical slices by active ingredients of spices by Pezzoli M1, Elhamdani A1, Camacho S2, Meystre J1, González SM3, le Coutre J4, Markram H1.(PubMed)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Huperzine A

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatments In Herbal Medicine prospective


D. Huperzine A, a chemical made from the plant Huperzia serrata has been studied for its effect on patient of dementia with conflict results.
a. Cognitive effects
In induced Alzheimer's disease animal study, Huperzine A showed a significant effect in inhibited acetylcholinesterase, derived from forebrain, hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum(635), through neuron protective effects and enhanced glutamatergic functions(635). In mild to moderate vasculardementia (VaD) patients, the medicine also improved the cognitive function with serious adverse events(636). According to Beijing University of Chinese Medicinealthough Huperzine A showed a beneficial effects on improvement of cognitive function, daily living activity in global clinical assessment in participants with Alzheimer's disease, the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the poor methodological quality of the included trials(638). But according to University of California,, in a phase II trial of huperzine A, regardless to doses, huperzine A did not demonstrate cognitive effect in patients with mild to moderate AD(637).

b. Inhibition of amyloid plaque burden and oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ)
Huperzine A, showed to reduce in Aβ levels and Aβ burden in AD brain, through activation of Wnt signaling(regulate cell-to-cell interactions) and targeting of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in various components in contribution to disease(639) through modulation of amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic pathways(640), and reduction of iron in the brain(641) via a multi-target mechanism(642).

c. Mild to moderate vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer's disease
In patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia (VaD), Huperzine A significantly improved the cognitive function in mini-mental state examination (MMSE), clinical dementia rating (CDR), and activities of daily living (ADL) scores(643)(644).
In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huperzine A also showed improvement in memory function and cognitive enhancement at a dose of 0.4 mg using MMSE, MQ, ADAS-COG, and ADL tests(645); against organophosphate (OP) intoxication and reduction of glutamate-induced cell death(646). According to Georgetown University Hospital, the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of Huperzine A may be useful as a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD)(647).
Due to data supporting its use are limited by weak study design, the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences-Worcester/Manchester suggested that randomized, placebo-controlled trials are necessary to establish the role of huperzine A in the treatment of AD(648).

d. Etc.

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References
(635) Huperzine A, a potential therapeutic agent for dementia, reduces neuronal cell death caused by glutamate by Ved HS1, Koenig ML, Dave JR, Doctor BP.(PubMed)
(636) Treatment with Huperzine A improves cognition in vascular dementia patients by Xu ZQ1, Liang XM, Juan-Wu, Zhang YF, Zhu CX, Jiang XJ.(PubMed)
(637) A phase II trial of huperzine A in mild to moderate Alzheimer disease by Rafii MS1, Walsh S, Little JT, Behan K, Reynolds B, Ward C, Jin S, Thomas R, Aisen PS; Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study.(PubMed)
(638) Huperzine A for Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials by Yang G1, Wang Y, Tian J, Liu JP.(PubMed)
(639) Huperzine A activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhances the nonamyloidogenic pathway in an Alzheimer transgenic mouse model by Wang CY1, Zheng W, Wang T, Xie JW, Wang SL, Zhao BL, Teng WP, Wang ZY.(PubMed)
(640) Huperzine A alleviates synaptic deficits and modulates amyloidogenic and nonamyloidogenic pathways in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice by Wang Y1, Tang XC, Zhang HY.(PubMed)
(641) Reducing iron in the brain: a novel pharmacologic mechanism of huperzine A in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by Huang XT1, Qian ZM2, He X3, Gong Q3, Wu KC3, Jiang LR4, Lu LN3, Zhu ZJ3, Zhang HY5, Yung WH3, Ke Y6.(PubMed)
(642) Neuroprotective effects of huperzine A. A natural cholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by Wang R1, Tang XC.(PubMed)
(643) Treatment with Huperzine A improves cognition in vascular dementia patients by Xu ZQ1, Liang XM, Juan-Wu, Zhang YF, Zhu CX, Jiang XJ.(PubMed)
(644) Huperzine a in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: a meta-analysis. by Xing SH1, Zhu CX2, Zhang R1, An L1.(PubMed)
(645) Huperzine a as potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease: an assessment on chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies by Ha GT1, Wong RK, Zhang Y.(PubMed)
(646) The psychopharmacology of huperzine A: an alkaloid with cognitive enhancing and neuroprotective properties of interest in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by Zangara A1.(PubMed)
(647) An update on huperzine A as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease by Little JT1, Walsh S, Aisen PS.(PubMed)
(648) Role of huperzine a in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by Desilets AR1, Gickas JJ, Dunican KC.(PubMed)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Herbal Ginkgo Biloba(Bai Guo)

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatments In Herbal Medicine prospective
A. Ginkgo Biloba(Bai Guo)
Ginkgo biloba is the oldest living tree species, genus Ginkgo, belonging to the family Ginkgoaceae, native to China, from temperate zone to subtropical zone and some parts of north America(592). The herb been used in traditional herbal medicine in treating impotence, memory loss, respiratory diseases, circulatory disorders and deafness as well as preventing drunkenness, and bedwetting(591).
a. The memory enhancing effects
Capsules containing 60 mg of a standardised extract of Ginkgo biloba(GK501) and 100 mg of a standardised extract of Panax ginseng (G115) significantly improved an Index of Memory Quality(593), including learning and memory but not working and long-term memory(596). Its extract, in the logical memory test and nonsense picture recognition also exhibited improvement of 58.62% logical memory in compared to baseline(594). Commercial extract Ginkgo biloba EGb 761 is also found to enhance certain neuropsychological/memory processes of cognitively in older adults, 60 years of age and over(595).

b. Cognitive performance
Administration of single doses (120, 240, 360 mg) of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), according to Northumbria University, showed to improvecognitive performance, including speed of attention, accuracy of attention, secondary memory, working memory, speed of memory, quality of memory(597). Combination of standardised extracts of Ginkgo biloba (GK501, Pharmaton SA) and Ginseng (G115, Pharmaton SA) administration showed a consistent effect on mood and aspects of cognitive performance ("quality of memory", "secondary memory", "working memory", "speed of memory", "quality of attention" and "speed of attention") in doses depend-manner(598). On acute cognitive effects, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) with soy-derived phospholipids, improved secondary memory performance and significantly increased speed of memory task performance in comparision to post-dose testing sessions(599).

c. Cognitive impairment
Extracts of the leaves of Ginkgo biloba showed to improve a range of conditions including memory and concentration problems, confusion, depression, anxiety, dizziness, tinnitus and headache, recognition, regeneration, understanding, and recitation(603), probably thought its action in increasing blood supply by dilating blood vessels, reducing blood viscosity, modification of neurotransmitter systems, and the density of oxygen free radicals(600).
EGb761, a commercial product of Ginkgo biloba at 240 mg/day, stabilized or slow declined in cognition, function, behavior, at 22-26 weeks (602).
According to University of Oxford, the use of Ginkgo biloba treatment of cognitive impairment appeared to be safe with no excess side effects, but with inconsistent results(601).

d. Etc.

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Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

References
(592) Ginkgo biloba(Wikipedia)
(593) The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers by Wesnes KA1, Ward T, McGinty A, Petrini O.(PubMed)
(594) [Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in improving episodic memory of patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial].[Article in Chinese]by Zhao MX1, Dong ZH, Yu ZH, Xiao SY, Li YM.(PubMed)
(595) A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findings by Mix JA1, Crews WD Jr.(PubMed)
(596) Effects of Ginkgo biloba administered after spatial learning on water maze and radial arm maze performance in young adult rats by Shif O1, Gillette K, Damkaoutis CM, Carrano C, Robbins SJ, Hoffman JR(PubMed)
(597) Modulation of cognitive performance following single doses of 120 mg Ginkgo biloba extract administered to healthy young volunteers by Kennedy DO1, Jackson PA, Haskell CF, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(598) Differential, dose dependent changes in cognitive performance following acute administration of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination to healthy young volunteers by Kennedy DO1, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA.(PubMed)
(599) Acute cognitive effects of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract complexed with phosphatidylserine by Kennedy DO1, Haskell CF, Mauri PL, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(600) Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia by Birks J1, Grimley Evans J.(PubMed)
(601) Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia by Birks J1, Grimley EV, Van Dongen, M.(PubMed) 

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Herbal Lavender

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatments In Herbal Medicine prospective
C. Lavender
Lavender is a flower plant of the genus Lavandula, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to Asia. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and mood alleviating(618), and burns and insect bites effects(623) agents, as well as treatment for depression, stress and mild anxiety(621) probably through its phytochemicals(constituents (-)-linalool, (+)-α-pinene and (+)-limonene ) in modulation of the immune and neuroendocrine system by interfering with metabolism of tryptophan(618).

a. Spatial performance
Lavender extract (LE, in AD animal model, showed effectively in improvement of spatial performance, through attenuation of Aβ production in histopathology of hippocampus(619) involved in memory forming, organizing, and storing. Its aqueous extract also significantly improved the performance of control and reverse spatial learning and memory deficits(621) in AD rats(620). Inhaledlavender oil, in oxidative stress induced rat, exhibited neuroprotective effects through its potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities(622).

b. Behavioural symptoms
Lavender aromatherapy, according to Kongju National University, was effective on emotions and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia of the Alzheimer's type(624)and reduced disruptive behaviour in people with dementia(625). In agitated behaviour in severe dementia, 2% lavender oilaromatherapy stream administered on the ward for a two hour period, showed a modest effects in compared with placebo(626). The effectiveness of the herb in reduced behaviours in individuals with dementia potentially provide a safer intervention rather than reliance on pharmacology alone. The study's findings will translate easily to other countries and cultures(627).

c. Cognitive performance and Mood disorders
Aromatherapy applied to 28 elderly people with dementia, 17 of whom had Alzheimer's disease (AD), showed significant improvement in personal orientation related to cognitive function on both the Gottfries, Brane, Steen scale (GBSS-J)and Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale (TDAS), according to Tottori University(628) and emotions and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia, according to Kongju National University(629). In emotional parameters, lavender essential oil also significantly enhanced mood responses, including anxiety(631)(633) and
depression(632)(634) probably through its relaxing effect(630).

d. Etc.

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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

References
(618) Lavender oil suppresses indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in human PBMC. by Gostner JM, Ganzera M, Becker K, Geisler S, Schroecksnadel S, Überall F, Schennach H, Fuchs D1(PubMed).
(619) Protein Drug Targets of Lavandula angustifolia on treatment of Rat Alzheimer's Disease. by Zali H1, Zamanian-Azodi M1, Rezaei Tavirani M2, Akbar-Zadeh Baghban A3.(PubMed)
(620) Aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) improves the spatial performance of a rat model of Alzheimer's disease by Kashani MS1, Tavirani MR, Talaei SA, Salami M.(PubMed)
(621) Effects of lavender oil inhalation on improving scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment in laboratory rats by Hritcu L1, Cioanca O, Hancianu M.(PubMed)
(622) Neuroprotective effects of inhaled lavender oil on scopolamine-induced dementia via anti-oxidative activities in rats by Hancianu M1, Cioanca O, Mihasan M, Hritcu L(PubMed)
(623) Biological activities of lavender essential oil. by Cavanagh HM1, Wilkinson JM.(PubMed)
(624) [The effect of lavender aromatherapy on cognitive function, emotion, and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia].[Article in Korean] by Lee SY1.(PubMed)
(625) A randomised controlled trial of the use of aromatherapy and hand massage to reduce disruptive behaviour in people with dementia by Fu CY1, Moyle W, Cooke M.(PubMed)
(626) Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study by Holmes C1, Hopkins V, Hensford C, MacLaughlin V, Wilkinson D, Rosenvinge H.(PubMed)
(627) The study protocol of a blinded randomised-controlled cross-over trial of lavender oil as a treatment of behavioural symptoms in dementia by van der Ploeg ES1, Eppingstall B, O'Connor DW(PubMed).
(628) Effect of aromatherapy on patients with Alzheimer's disease by Jimbo D1, Kimura Y, Taniguchi M, Inoue M, Urakami K.(PubMed)
(629) [The effect of lavender aromatherapy on cognitive function, emotion, and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia].[Article in Korean] by Lee SY1.(PubMed)
(630) The effects of lavender oil inhalation on emotional states, autonomic nervous system, and brain electrical activity by Sayorwan W1, Siripornpanich V, Piriyapunyaporn T, Hongratanaworakit T, Kotchabhakdi N, Ruangrungsi N.(PubMed)
(631) The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomised-controlled trial by Kritsidima M1, Newton T, Asimakopoulou K.(PubMed)
(632) A case series on the use of lavendula oil capsules in patients suffering from major depressive disorder and symptoms of psychomotor agitation, insomnia and anxiety by Fißler M1, Quante A2.(PubMed)
(633) The effects of lavender and rosemary essential oils on test-taking anxiety among graduate nursing students by McCaffrey R1, Thomas DJ, Kinzelman AO.(PubMed)
(634) [Effects of lavender aromatherapy on insomnia and depression in women college students].[Article in Korean] by Lee IS1, Lee GJ.(PubMed)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Herbal Lemon Palm

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatments In Herbal Medicine prospective
B. Lemon Palm
Lemon Balm is a perennial plant in the genus Melissa, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat nervous complaints(604), lower abdominal disorders(605) and as anti-inflammatory(608), antivirus(606), antibacterial agent(607).
a. Behavioral and psychological symptoms
According to Newcastle University, lemon balm showed to alleviate behavioral and psychological symptoms in patient with dementia (BPSD)(609), including anxiety(614). Lozenge, containing lavender oil, extracts from hops, lemonbalm and oat showed to induce a state of relaxation and regeneration for better cope with psychological and emotional stress(610)(611) and attenuation of mood and anxiety(612). In behavior symttoms, administraion of combined valerian root and lemon balm extracts, improved symptoms of poor ability to focus decreased from 75% to 14%, hyperactivity from 61% to 13%, and impulsiveness from 59% to 22% as well as general social behavior, sleep symptoms in children(613). On laboratory-induced psychological stress, the standardized M. officinalis extract, a significant increase in the speed of mathematical processing, with no reduction in accuracy(617).


b. Cognitive performance and mood
A standardised M. officinalis preparation administered showed significantly in eradicated mood change and cognitive impairment(614), according to joint study lead by Swinburne University. Acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) in high dose, enhanced cognition and mood in both Secondary Memory and Working Memory factors(615)(616), probably through its function in modulation of mood and cognitive performance through lowering both nicotinic and muscarinic binding in healthy humans(616). Due to different preparations derived from the same plant species, some researchers suggested that the effectiveness may exhibit different properties depending on the process used for the sample preparation(616).

c. Etc.

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References
(604) Effects of Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) extract on neurogenesis associated with serum corticosterone and GABA in the mouse dentate gyrus by Yoo DY1, Choi JH, Kim W, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Yoon YS, Won MH, Hwang IK.(PubMed)
(605) Inhibitory activity of Melissa officinalis L. extract on Herpes simplex virus type 2 replication. by Mazzanti G1, Battinelli L, Pompeo C, Serrilli AM, Rossi R, Sauzullo I, Mengoni F, Vullo V.(PubMed)
(606) Melissa officinalis oil affects infectivity of enveloped herpesviruses. by Schnitzler P1, Schuhmacher A, Astani A, Reichling J.(PubMed)
(607) Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome by Thompson A1, Meah D, Ahmed N, Conniff-Jenkins R, Chileshe E, Phillips CO, Claypole TC, Forman DW, Row PE.(PubMed)
(608) β-Caryophyllene, a Compound Isolated from the Biblical Balm of Gilead (Commiphora gileadensis), Is a Selective Apoptosis Inducer for Tumor Cell Lines. by Amiel E1, Ofir R, Dudai N, Soloway E, Rabinsky T, Rachmilevitch S.(PubMed)
(609) Medicinal plants and dementia therapy: herbal hopes for brain aging by Perry E1, Howes MJ.(PubMed)
(610) Effects of lozenge containing lavender oil, extracts from hops, lemon balm and oat on electrical brain activity of volunteers by Dimpfel W1, Pischel I, Lehnfeld R.(PubMed)
(611) Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm). by Kennedy DO1, Little W, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(612) Anxiolytic effects of a combination of Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis during laboratory induced stress by Kennedy DO1, Little W, Haskell CF, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(613) Hyperactivity, concentration difficulties and impulsiveness improve during seven weeks' treatment with valerian root and lemon balm extracts in primary school children by Gromball J1, Beschorner F2, Wantzen C3, Paulsen U4, Burkart M5.(PubMed)
(614) Anti-stress effects of lemon balm-containing foods. by Scholey A1, Gibbs A2, Neale C3, Perry N4, Ossoukhova A5, Bilog V6, Kras M7, Scholz C8, Sass M9, Buchwald-Werner S10.(PubMed)
(615) Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) by Kennedy DO1, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA.(PubMed)
(616) Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-binding properties by Kennedy DO1, Wake G, Savelev S, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(617) Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) by Kennedy DO1, Little W, Scholey AB.(PubMed)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Treatments of Subdural hematoma

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

F. Treatments of Subdural hematoma
1. Emergency treatment
An acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is a rapidly clotting blood collection(548) below the inner layer of the dura but external to the brain and arachnoid membrane(549). Two further stages, subacute and chronic, may develop with untreated acute subdural hematoma (SDH)(549). There is always important to maintain survival of the patient with acute subdural hematomas(550)(551) because of its unfavourable outcome in the majority of cases(551). Emergency treatment is necessary to reduce pressure and allow blood to drain by drilling a small hole in the skull and inserting a temporary small catheter through a hole drilled through the skull and sucking out the hematoma(552)(564). Although hematoma resolution has been reported, it cannot be reliably predicted, and no medical therapy has
been shown to be effective in expediting the resolution of acute or chronic subdural hematomas(552)(553).

2. Medication
In case of chronic subdural hematomas, Mannitol may be used to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP)(554)(555) as it produced a significant reduction in ICP and improved cerebral perfusion pressure(556).
a. Corticosteroids for brain oedema
Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid or corticosteroid drug(557). Researchers found that Methylprednisolone can effectively reduce myelin changes(559) accompanying brain oedema(558) induced by blood-brainbarrier opening with an osmotic insult(559).

b. Anticonvulsants for patient with seizures
In some cases, patients with chronic subdural haematoma may be treated with anticonvulsants for seizures prevention(560). The medicine has shown to reduce risk of seizures(562) to none and 1.8% in 73 patients given prophylactic antiepileptic drug treatment in Tokyo Medical and DentalUniversity study(561) and Beilinson Medical Center(562) studies, respectively.

c. Rifampicin for bacterial infection
Rifampicin is a naturally made, non-peptide antibiotic(563). It is bactericidal, killing agent by disabling the protein expression system universally conserved by all bacterial infection(567), but it can induce thrombocytopenia(565)(566) in acute subdural hematoma treatment.

3. Surgery
Large or symptomatic hematomas require a craniotomy, as a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain for removal of blood clot with suction or irrigation(568). According University of Cambridge,Cambridge, the use of a drain after burr-hole drainage of chronic subduralhaematoma and minimized the incidence of significant recollection(570) is safe and associated with reduced recurrence and mortality at 6 months(569).

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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese MedicineReferences
(549)Acute Subdural Hematoma. Author: Alex Koyfman, MD; Chief Editor: Rick Kulkarni, MD more(Medscape))..
(550)[Analysis of prognostic factors for patients with traumatic acute subdural hematomas treated by surgery].[Article in Chinese]by Song C1, Ren X1, Zhao B1, Fu H1, Lin S2, Zhang Y1.(PubMed)
(551) Management and outcome of patients with acute traumatic subdural hematomas and pre-injury oral anticoagulation therapy by Senft C1, Schuster T, Forster MT, Seifert V, Gerlach R.(PubMed)
(552) Case report: treatment of subdural hematoma in the emergency department utilizing the Subdural Evacuating Port System by Asfora WT, Klapper HB.(PubMed)
(553) Subdural Hematoma Treatment & Management. Author: Richard J Meagher, MD; Chief Editor: Helmi L Lutsep, MD more..(Medscape)
(554) Chronic subdural hematoma. Surgery or mannitol treatment by Gjerris F, Schmidt K.(PubMed)
(555) Mannitol in acute traumatic brain injury by Schrot RJ1, Muizelaar JP.(PubMed)
(556) Effect of neuroprotective N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists on increased intracranial pressure: studies in the rat acute subdural hematoma model by Kuroda Y1, Fujisawa H, Strebel S, Graham DI, Bullock R.(PubMed)
(557) Methylprednisolone(Wikipedia)
(558) Effects of intracarotid injection of methylprednisolone on cellular oedema after osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier in rats by Kozler P1, Pokorný J.(PubMed)
(559)
(560) Anticonvulsants for preventing seizures in patients with chronic subdural haematoma. by Ratilal BO1, Pappamikail L, Costa J, Sampaio C.(PubMed)
(561) Low incidence of seizures in patients with chronic subdural haematoma. by Ohno K1, Maehara T, Ichimura K, Suzuki R, Hirakawa K, Monma S.(PubMed)
(562) Epilepsy in chronic subdural haematoma by Rubin G1, Rappaport ZH.(PubMed)
(563) Rifampicin(Wikipedia)
(564) Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial by Santarius T1, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, Chia HL, Jalloh I, Smielewski P, Richards HK, Marcus H, Parker RA, Price SJ, Kirollos RW, Pickard JD, Hutchinson PJ(PubMed)
(565) Acute subdural hemorrhage associated with rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia. by Kang SY1, Choi JC, Kang JH, Lee JS.(PubMed)
(566) A case of acute and severe thrombocytopenia due to readministration of rifampicin by Mori M1, Izawa K, Fujikawa T, Uenami T, Sugano T, Kagami S, Namba Y, Yano Y, Yoneda T, Kitada S, Kimura H, Yamaguchi T, Yokota S, Maekura R.(PubMed)
(567) An Unreported Clindamycin Adverse Reaction: Wrist Monoarthritis(IJPR)
(568) Craniotomy(Wikipedia)
(569) Acute subdural hemorrhage associated with rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia by Kang SY1, Choi JC, Kang JH, Lee JS.(PubMed)
(570) Chronic subdural haematoma treated by craniotomy, durectomy, outer membranectomy and subgaleal suction drainage. Personal experience in 39 patients by Mohamed EE1.(PubMed)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Treatments of Multi-infarct dementia

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

E. Multi-infarct dementia
Also known as vascular dementia, is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease in older adults between ages of 60 and 75(571), caused by different mechanisms all resulting in vascular lesions in the brain(572)(573) with prevalence of major depression, depressed mood/anhedonia, and subjective and neurovegetative symptoms of depression(574).

Treatments of Multi-infarct dementia
There are no treatments which can reverse the damage to the brain caused by small strokes(575), but the goal of the treatment is to control the symptoms and reduce the risk factors to prevent future strokes(576) by prescribed medicine to make the blood thinner to reduce the risk blood clot causes of future stroke.
E.1. Medication
1. Plavix
Plavix tablets is pescription-only medicine with function of keeping blood platelets from sticking together and forming clots(577) to prevent blood clotted causes of future stroke(579). In some cases, it is used conjunction with aspirin(578).

b. Side effects are not limit to
The most common side effects of Plavix (occurring in more than 2 percent of people and more often in the group taking Plavix) include:
b.1. Constipation
b.2. Diarrhea
b.3. Dizziness
b.4. Headache
b.5. Heartburn
b.6. Joint or muscle pain
b.7. Nausea and vomiting
b.8. Etc.
A sudden choking feeling, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and itchy mouth had been reported in patient taking clopidogrel 75 mg combined with 100 mg acetylsalicylic acid once daily, and metoprolol tartrate 50 mg twice daily(580)

2. Antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine)
a. Antipsychotic drugs effectively treat psychosis caused by a variety of conditions including dementia(581). Psychotic symptoms are classified as either positive or negative. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, bizarre or disorganized behavior(582). Negative symptoms include anhedonia, flattened affect, apathy, and social withdrawal(583).

b. Side effects are not limit to
In most cases, adverse effects are usually dose dependent and influenced by patient characteristics, including age and gender(584).
b.1. Constipation,
b.2. Dry mouth and
b.3. Blurred vision
b.4. Sleepiness and slowness
b.5. Weight gain
b.6. Stiffness and shakines
b.7. Hormone change
b.8. Diabetes
b.9. Etc.

3. Serotonin-affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone, or fluoxetine)
a. Precursor amino acids (PAA)of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine showed clinical and psychologic improvement with conflict results(585)
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Diarrhea
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Nausea,
b.4. Vomiting and agitation(585)

4. Anti anticonvulsant
Anti anticonvulsant, clonazepam has shown to control logorrhea, hyperactivity, agitation, intrusiveness, and impulsive violence and to promote cooperation in patient with multi-infarct dementia, according to East Carolina University School of Medicine(586).

b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Dizziness
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Unsteadiness
b.4. Nausea
b.5. Vomiting
b.6. Skin rashes
b.7. Etc.

5. Rivastigmine, is a cholinergic agent used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia(587)
a. On cognitive function, rivastigmine, at dosages approved for therapeutic use showed to improve all behavioral symptoms in 2 forms of VaD, MID and sVaD(590), except delusions, according to University of Trieste(588).
50

The medicine, unfortunately, has been reported to induce side effects that lead to withdrawal in a significant proportion of patients(589).

b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Loss of appetite
b.3. Weight loss
b.4. Diarrhea
b.4. Dizziness
b.5. Drowsiness
b.6. Trembling
b.7. Etc.

E.2. Surgery
In case of sensory problems, surgery can be helpful.
F. Subdural hematoma is the accumulation of blood beneath the outer coveri of the brain resulted from the rupture of blood vessel(545)(546). Subdural hemorrhages may cause an increase intracranial pressure(545), induecd compression and damage to delicate brain tissue(547). Acute subdural hematoma has a high mortality rate(546). The diseases are most prevalent among elderly individuals(544).

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

References
(544) Chronic subdural haematoma: modern management and emerging therapies by Kolias AG1, Chari A1, Santarius T1, Hutchinson PJ1.(PubMed)
(545) Acute subdural hematoma from bridging vein rupture: a potential mechanism for growth by Miller JD1, Nader R.(PubMed)
(546) Surgical management of traumatic acute subdural hematoma in adults: a review by Karibe H1, Hayashi T, Hirano T, Kameyama M, Nakagawa A, Tominaga T.(PubMed)
(547) Brain herniation induced by drainage of subdural hematoma in spontaneous intracranial hypotension by Chotai S1, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kwon TH.(PubMed)
(548) The influence of coagulopathy on outcome after traumatic subdural hematoma: a retrospective single-center analysis of 319 patients by Lemcke J1, Al-Zain F, von der Brelie C, Ebenau M, Meier(PubMed) 
(549)Acute Subdural Hematoma. Author: Alex Koyfman, MD; Chief Editor: Rick Kulkarni, MD more(Medscape))..
(550)[Analysis of prognostic factors for patients with traumatic acute subdural hematomas treated by surgery].[Article in Chinese]by Song C1, Ren X1, Zhao B1, Fu H1, Lin S2, Zhang Y1.(PubMed)
(551) Management and outcome of patients with acute traumatic subdural hematomas and pre-injury oral anticoagulation therapy by Senft C1, Schuster T, Forster MT, Seifert V, Gerlach R.(PubMed)
(552) Case report: treatment of subdural hematoma in the emergency department utilizing the Subdural Evacuating Port System by Asfora WT, Klapper HB.(PubMed)
(553) Subdural Hematoma Treatment & Management. Author: Richard J Meagher, MD; Chief Editor: Helmi L Lutsep, MD more..(Medscape)
(554) Chronic subdural hematoma. Surgery or mannitol treatment by Gjerris F, Schmidt K.(PubMed)
(555) Mannitol in acute traumatic brain injury by Schrot RJ1, Muizelaar JP.(PubMed)
(556) Effect of neuroprotective N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists on increased intracranial pressure: studies in the rat acute subdural hematoma model by Kuroda Y1, Fujisawa H, Strebel S, Graham DI, Bullock R.(PubMed)
(557) Methylprednisolone(Wikipedia)
(558) Effects of intracarotid injection of methylprednisolone on cellular oedema after osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier in rats by Kozler P1, Pokorný J.(PubMed)
(559)
(560) Anticonvulsants for preventing seizures in patients with chronic subdural haematoma. by Ratilal BO1, Pappamikail L, Costa J, Sampaio C.(PubMed)
(561) Low incidence of seizures in patients with chronic subdural haematoma. by Ohno K1, Maehara T, Ichimura K, Suzuki R, Hirakawa K, Monma S.(PubMed)
(562) Epilepsy in chronic subdural haematoma by Rubin G1, Rappaport ZH.(PubMed)
(563) Rifampicin(Wikipedia)
(564) Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial by Santarius T1, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, Chia HL, Jalloh I, Smielewski P, Richards HK, Marcus H, Parker RA, Price SJ, Kirollos RW, Pickard JD, Hutchinson PJ(PubMed)
(565) Acute subdural hemorrhage associated with rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia. by Kang SY1, Choi JC, Kang JH, Lee JS.(PubMed)
(566) A case of acute and severe thrombocytopenia due to readministration of rifampicin by Mori M1, Izawa K, Fujikawa T, Uenami T, Sugano T, Kagami S, Namba Y, Yano Y, Yoneda T, Kitada S, Kimura H, Yamaguchi T, Yokota S, Maekura R.(PubMed)
(567) An Unreported Clindamycin Adverse Reaction: Wrist Monoarthritis(IJPR)
(568) Craniotomy(Wikipedia)
(569) Acute subdural hemorrhage associated with rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia by Kang SY1, Choi JC, Kang JH, Lee JS.(PubMed)
(570) Chronic subdural haematoma treated by craniotomy, durectomy, outer membranectomy and subgaleal suction drainage. Personal experience in 39 patients by Mohamed EE1.(PubMed)
(571) NINDS Multi-Infarct Dementia Information Page(NIH)
(572) Vascular dementia: different forms of vessel disorders contribute to the development of dementia in the elderly brain. by Thal DR1, Grinberg LT, Attems J.(PubMed)
(573) [Vascular dementia: big effects of small lesions].[Article in French]by Gold G1, Kövari E.(PubMed)
(574) Depressive Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease and Multi-infarct Dementiaby William E. Reichman, MD.(Sagejournasl)
(575) The reversible dementias: do they reverse by Clarfield AM1.(PubMed)
(576) Vascular cognitive impairment: epidemiology, subtypes, diagnosis and management. by Black SE1.(PubMed)
(577) Clopidogrel to prevent blood clots (Grepid, Plavix)(Patient)
(578) Aspirin plus clopidogrel as secondary prevention after stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang Q1, Wang C, Zheng M, Li Y, Li J, Zhang L, Shang X, Yan C.(PubMed)
(579) [Antiplatelet agents in secondary prevention of stroke].[Article in French]by De Gautard G, Perrier A.(PubMed)
(580) Bleeding complication with dual antiplatelet therapy: spontaneous uvula hematoma by Nicholas G. Kounis, MD PhD and Periklis Davlouros, MD PhD(PMC)
(581) The long-term effects of conventional and atypical antipsychotics in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease by Lopez OL, Becker JT, Chang YF, Sweet RA, Aizenstein H, Snitz B, Saxton J, McDade E, Kamboh MI, DeKosky ST, Reynolds CF 3rd, Klunk WE.(PubMed)
(582) Threat/control-override symptoms and emotional reactions to positive symptoms as correlates of aggressive behavior in psychotic patients by Nederlof AF1, Muris P, Hovens JE.(PubMed)
(583) Two subdomains of negative symptoms in psychotic disorders: established and confirmed in two large cohorts by Liemburg E1, Castelein S, Stewart R, van der Gaag M, Aleman A, Knegtering H; Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators.(PubMed)
(584) Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics : differential risk and clinical implications. by Haddad PM1, Sharma SG.(PubMed)
(585) Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease by Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, Perez FI, Jacob RH, Haufrect DB, Mathew NT, Morrell RM.(PubMed)
(586) Clonazepam treatment of multi-infarct dementia. by Smeraski PJ1.(PubMed)
(587) From high doses of oral rivastigmine to transdermal rivastigmine patches: user experience and satisfaction among caregivers of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.[Article in English, Spanish]by Reñé R1, Ricart J2, Hernández B2; researchers in the Experience study.(PubMed)
(588) Different responses to rivastigmine in subcortical vascular dementia and multi-infarct dementia. by Moretti R1, Torre P, Antonello RM, Cazzato G, Pizzolato G.(PubMed)
(589) Rivastigmine for vascular cognitive impairment by Birks J1, McGuinness B, Craig D.(PubMed)