Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Thursday, 1 November 2018

Green Tea and its Bioactive Polyphenol Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in the Alleviated Symptoms, Reduced Risk and Treatment of Arthritis

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reducing risk, progression, and treatment of arthritis, some scientists suggested.

Arthritis is a chronic condition characterized by painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints.

According to statistic, arthritis is the common autoimmune disorder affected over 50 million worldwide.

The exact causes of arthritis are unknown, Some researchers suggested that longterm use in stimulating the wear and tear is a major cause of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the most common forms of arthritis.

An infection or injury to the joints that were not treated properly can also exacerbate the natural breakdown of cartilage tissue, leading to arthritis in the later life.

Certain risk factors proved by clinical trials and human studies such as overweight and obesity, occupations that require the use of hand or leg in the repetitive movement, including knee bending and squatting are associated with the early onset of arthritis.

Smoking, family history, gender and gene mutation inherited from the parents, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, are also considered some prevalent risk factors of the disease.

Depending on the type of arthritis that affects the patients. Patients with arthritis may be experiencing symptoms of pain stiffness swelling and reduced the range of motion. If you have some of the above symptoms, you may already be infected by arthritis.

Moreover, if you are taking medicine to alleviate symptoms of arthritis, please make sure that you discuss the side effects with your doctor.

According to the Arthritis Foundation, long-term untreated rheumatoid arthritis can complicate the risk of heart disease.

Green tea is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

According to the College of Pharmacy, green tea epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) in preclinical studies displayed a significant effect in the treatment of arthritic disease.

In vitro, application of green tea extract EGCG demonstrated activities in cartilage-preserving and chondroprotective action through reducing expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 and modulated extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover-induced changes of the biomechanical environment of chondrocytes and accelerate the degradation of cartilage as well as driving the progression of the disease in the presence of inflammation.

Normal extracellular matrix (ECM) is a composed collagen type II with a function to provide tensile support for the tissue.

Further analysis in the expression of proinflammatory factors researchers found that the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 associated correlatively in knee joints in arthritis were inhibited by green tea EGCG.

Some researchers also suggested that interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response, playing an important part in the body's natural responses and the development of pathological conditions that lead to chronic inflammation.

In the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin), application of green tea inhibited the levels of TNFα , the proinflammatory cytokine with a function in inducing synovial fibroblast cytotoxicity.

Interestingly, in the study to evaluate the possible effects of the administration of green tea extract on the oxidative state of the liver and brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, researchers indicated that green tea daily doses of 250 mg kg(-1) (59.8 mg catechins per kg) for 23 days displays a strong effect in decreased symptoms of arthritis by ameliorated diminutions in protein and lipid damage in liver, brain and plasma, through antioxidant effect in reduced levels of ROS in the stimulation of free radical chain reaction to initiate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in precipitating chronic diseases.

Rats treated with green tea EGCG also showed a significant improvement in restoring the natural antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and protein thiol levels produced by the body.

Moreover, green tea injection also normalized the activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is increased in the liver of arthritic patients and considered a risk factor for the development of arthritis.

Increased activity glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in oxidative metabolism that inflicts damage on all classes of macromolecules.

Additional differentiation of green tea EGCG immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms on experimental arthritis induced by collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, compared to control received phosphate buffered saline (PBS), researchers found that application of green tea EGCG at dose of 10 mg/kg demonstrated a strong effect in ameliorating clinical symptoms and reducing histological scores in arthritic mice, through modulating the immune activity by stimulating the production of the Nrf-2 antioxidant pathway, a major mechanism in the cellular defense against oxidative or electrophilic stress through detoxication and elimination.

EGCG also ameliorated experimental arthritis in mice by eliciting indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma, astrocytes, and microglia in the activation of the immune system to attack the dendritic cell located on the surface on the joint tissue.

Application of the EGCG also increased frequencies of T regs with a dominant role in the suppression of autoimmune pathology.

Some researchers suggested that increased Treg number and/or function in model systems may have a significant effect in both the prevented and reversed arthritis disease.

Taken together, green tea with abundant bioactive polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) may be considered a functional food and supplement in alleviating the symptoms, reducing risk, and treatment of arthritis.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Green tea extract improves the oxidative state of the liver and brain in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis by de Almeida Gonçalves G1, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Wendt MM, Comar JF, Bersani Amado CA, Bracht A, Peralta RM. (PubMed)
(2) Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Suppresses Autoimmune Arthritis Through Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase Expressing Dendritic Cells and the Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2-Like 2 Antioxidant Pathway by Min SY1, Yan M1, Kim SB2, Ravikumar S1,3, Kwon SR1,4, Vanarsa K1,3, Kim HY4, Davis LS#1, Mohan C(PubMed)
(3) Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in arthritis: progress and promise by Ahmed S1.(PubMed)
(4) Is IL-1 a good therapeutic target in the treatment of arthritis? by Burger D1, Dayer JM, Palmer G, Gabay C.(PubMed)

Green Tea, The Beverage Which Protects the Brain Functioning Against the Onset of Mood Disorder

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Green tea may have a potential and positive effect in treating mood disorder, some scientists suggested.

Mood disorder is a psychological condition characterized by an elevated mood, including mania or hypomania. In other words, the syndrome is a group of mental illnesses that can affect how a person feel and think of him/herself and people in the public life.

Mood disorder can be classified into depression, dysthymic disorder,... and bipolar disorder depending on the symptoms of expression.

The condition not only affects the personal life of the patient but also cause psychological and financial burdens to the immediate family members as the condition can only get worse over time.

According to the statistic in 2017, over 2.6 millions Canadian age 12 and over were diagnosed with mood disorders, affecting over 8% of general population. Sadly, about one in seven Canadian will experience a mood disorder at some point in their life.

The exact causes of mood disorders are unknown, however, there are some underlying factors that can elevate the risk of the condition, including family history, previous mood disorder, depression, certain medical conditions and long-term use of some medication.

Symptoms of mood disorders are totally depending to types of the syndrome. If you are experiencing symptoms of feelings of hopelessness, long-term trouble sleeping or daytime sleepiness, poor concentration and trouble concentrating or making decisions accompanied by physical symptoms of fatigue or low energy, you may have mood disorders. Please check with your doctor to rule out the possibility.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

In the concerns of the widespread of mental disorders, researchers at the Elsevier GmbH.lauched an investigation to examine the effects of green tea or green tea extracts, l-theanine and epigallocatechin gallate both components of green tea-on general neuropsychology, on the sub-category cognition and on brain functions in humans.

By searching the database of medical literature in PubMed for qualified studies that are satisfied the guidelines and criteria set by the PRISMA statement.

Out of 21 selected studies, 4 were randomized controlled trials, 12 were cross-over studies (both assessed with an adapted version of the DELPHI-list), 4 were cross-sectional studies and one was a cohort study (both assessed with an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa assessment scale).

After assessing the results of all studies, researchers found that injection of green tea exerts a significant effect in psychopathological symptoms (e.g. reduction of anxiety), cognition (e.g. benefits in memory and attention) and brain function (e.g. activation of working memory seen in functional MRI).

Further analysis also suggested that the effects of green tea may be attributed to the combined influence of both caffeine and l-theanine, as separate administration of either substance is found to have a lesser impact.

Moreover, in the systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on 11 randomized placebo-controlled human studies of acute effects of tea constituents L-theanine and epigallocatechin gallate, administered alone or in combination with caffeine, on cognitive function and mood, researchers discovered that

* Combined caffeine and L-theanine demonstrated some moderate effects in the first 2 hours postdose, on ladder alertness, attentional switching accuracy, and, to a lesser extent, some unisensory and multisensory attentional outcomes.

* Caffeine and L-theanine doses revealed trends toward greater change in effect size for caffeine dose than for L-theanine dose, particularly during the first hour postdose.

Additionally, in the study to evaluate whether tea has any effect on mood and performance benefits, such as relaxation and concentration, researchers at the From Unilever Research and Development also conducted an extensive search of studies with consistent evidence for improved attention.

At the final report, researchers concluded after taking into account co and confounders
* Tea consumption also consistently improved self-reported alertness and arousal, whereas effects on pleasure or relaxation were less consistent.

* Intake of tea regularly has a strong impact on psychological function such as work performance and creativity.

The findings suggested that moderate green tea consumption regularly and daily has significant acute benefits in both mood and performance in real-life situations.

Taken all together, there is no doubt that green tea containing numbers of highly bioactive compounds such as caffeine, l-theanine, and epigallocatechin gallate may be considered a functional food to protect the brain functioning against the onset of mood disorders.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Green tea effects on cognition, mood and human brain function: A systematic review by Mancini E1, Beglinger C2, Drewe J2, Zanchi D1, Lang UE1, Borgwardt S3(PubMed)
(2) Acute effects of tea constituents L-theanine, caffeine, and epigallocatechin gallate on cognitive function and mood: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Camfield DA1, Stough C, Farrimond J, Scholey AB(PubMed)
(3) Acute effects of tea consumption on attention and mood by Einöther SJ1, Martens VE. (PubMed)

Fennel Essential Oil and Extract, The Potent Anti Hypoglycemic Remedies, Scientists Reveal

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Fennel may process a strong effect in preventing the abnormal rise of blood glucose in patients with diabetes, some scientists found.

In compared to hyperglycemia with an excessive amount of glucose that circulates in the blood plasma, hypoglycemia is a condition of blood sugar, that falls below the levels of the normal range.

Patient with acute hypoglycemia may experience symptoms of clumsiness, trouble talking, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures or death.

Most cases of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes are due poor management. However, eating more carbohydrates than usual, less physical activity compared to normal day being sick or high levels of stress in patients with diabetes also can cause blood glucose uptake.

Some researchers suggested that not getting the right dosage of insulin and glucose-lowering medication also cause increased blood glucose levels.

Long-term untreated hyperglycemia can elevate the onset of some serious complications including nerve damage, kidney damage and failure, heart disease and eye disease, particularly in food and skin problems. or retinopathy foot problems caused by damaged nerves and poor blood flow skin problems, such as bacterial and fungal infections

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species belongings to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean

The plant has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...

In the examine the antihyperglycemic activity of fennel essential oil in an animal model, researchers launched an investigation to evaluate of rats induced by bacterial streptozotocin.

At the concentrations of 30 mg/kg body weight, essential oil of fennel demonstrated a correction of hyperglycemia in the doses from 162.5 mg/dL to 81.97 ± 1.97 mg/dL by increased the serum of antioxidants activity of serum glutathione peroxidase from 59.72 U/g Hb to 99.60 U/g Hb produced by the host.

The application also improved the pathological changes noticed in their kidney and pancreas, compared to the control group.

After making the final adjustment, researchers suggested that the study not only reaffirms the use of essential oil of fennel for the treatment of hyperglycemia in folk medicine but also raises the possibility of essential oil inclusion in the antidiabetic drug industry.

Further analysis of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of selected Sudanese plants, including fennel that is traditionally used to treat diabetes, researchers at the Khartoum College of Medical Sciences, suggested that fennel extract reveals a significant antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assay.

However, injection of fennel extract exhibited the highest toxicity.

These findings indicated that although fennel extract processes a substantial and positive effect in reducing the spike of blood glucose intake and the use of the fennel extract can only be prescribed by herbalists and professionals in the related field.

Additionally, in the testing, the hypoglycemic effect of single dose of Gluconorm-5 (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) made up of five plants namely Camellia sinensis, Punica granatum, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Foeniculum vulgare and Trigonella foenum-graecum in normal, glucose loaded normal and diabetes-induced rats, researchers found that

* Fifteen days of oral feeding of the Gluconorm-5 (300 and 600 mg/kg) to diabetic rats resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) reduction of blood glucose, lipid profile, liver weight, and marker enzymes as compared to those rats in whom STZ induced toxicity was untreated.

* The diabetic rats treated with the formula showed the expanded islets compared to the untreated diabetic rats, which showed the shrunken islets.

* Treated rats received 300 mg/kg of Gluconorm-5 showed pronounced antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect.

This comprehensive differentiation showed that Gluconorm-5 processes a potent antidiabetic antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect properties.

Taken altogether, fennel extract, fennel essential oil used alone or combined with other herbal antidiabetic herbal medicine can be considered an adjuvant in the treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus.

Sources
(1) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology by Shamkant B. Badgujar,* Vainav V. Patel, and Atmaram H. Bandivdekar(PMC)
(2) A study of antioxidant activity, enzymatic inhibition and in vitro toxicity of selected traditional Sudanese plants with anti-diabetic potential by Hilmi Y1, Abushama MF, Abdalgadir H, Khalid A, Khalid H(PubMed)
(3) The Dietary Furocoumarin Imperatorin Increases Plasma GLP-1 Levels in Type 1-Like Diabetic Rats by Wang LY1,2,3, Cheng KC4, Li Y5,6, Niu CS7, Cheng JT8,9, Niu HS(PubMed)
(4) Antidiabetic antihyperlipidemic and hepato-protective effect of Gluconorm-5: A polyherbal formulation in steptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats by Gengiah K1, Hari R2, Anbu J(PubMed)

Green Tea, A Potential Healthy and Longevity Functional Food, Scientists Find

By Kyle J. Norton

Regular and daily moderate green tea intake may have a potential effect in increasing the lifespan in human, some scientists suggested.

Some researchers suggested that human longevity without health issue can be achieved through a healthy diet and lifestyle.

Dr. Small GW, the lead author in the study "A short-term healthy lifestyle program combining mental and physical exercise, stress reduction, and healthy diet was associated with significant effects on cognitive function and brain metabolism. Reduced resting activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may reflect the greater cognitive efficiency of a brain region involved in working memory".

Would these results be enough for a person to live longer and healthier?

Eating the right foods can lead to a longer, healthier life. Some researchers recommended the following diet for the elderly to liver longevity without some major health issues.

* A basic heart-healthy diet including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products like yogurt and cheese, skinless poultry, lots of fish nuts and beans and non-tropical vegetable oils can help to control your weight, because more than a third of people 65 and older are obese, the major cause of diabetes, some cancers, and heart disease.

* A basic brain-healthy diet including lean meats, deep-sea fish, skim milk products and some whole grain cereals that reduces risk neurodegenerative disease can improve the memory.

* A basic protein diet to build the muscle diet including low-fat or fat-free yogurt, cheese, milk, lean meats, fish, other seafood, and beans.

* A basic diet including calcium and vitamin D in fortified foods, fish like salmon, and dairy products. to build the bone.

In the study to reaffirm the effect of green tea in increasing lifespan in various experimental animal models, researchers at the University of California Irvine launched an investigation to examine whether green tea acts to increase the lifespan of the fruit fly by modulating iron regulators, specifically, mitoferrin, a mitochondrial iron transporter, and transferrin, found in the hemolymph of flies

Application of green tea increased the lifespan of transferrin mutant lifespan but not the mitoferrin mutants and fertility, compared to the increased male fly lifespan and reduced male fertility in the non-mutant group.

These results suggested that green tea may act to increase the lifespan of Drosophila in part by the regulation of mitoferrin and reduction of mitochondrial iron.

Continued to the above investigation, researchers found that the lifespan extension properties of green tea were only observed in the presence of females which alludes to a reproductive (or mating) dependent mechanism.

Furthermore, the application of green tea exerted a strong and negatively impact on male fertility as shown by a reduced number of offspring produced and increased mating latency

These correlations suggested that green tea extends the lifespan of male flies by inhibiting reproductive potential, possibly by limiting iron uptake.

Researchers at the final report indicated green tea may have a profound effect in increasing lifespan but a negative effect on reproductive fitness in humans.

Moreover, in the study of a standardized epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) rich green tea extract (comprising > 90% EGCG) effects on fitness and lifespan as well as parameters of glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, researchers found that
* The application of the green tea extract demonstrates a significant increase in the mean lifespan (+ 3.3 days) and the 50% survival (+ 4.3 days) as well as improved fitness

* These effects went along an increased expression of Spargel, the homolog of mammalian PGC1α whose dysfunction is associated with accelerated aging, decreased mobility and decreased lifespan.

* Treatment with the green tea extract decreased glucose concentrations.

Dr. Wagner AE, the lead scientist said, "a decrease in glucose metabolism in connection with an upregulated expression of Spargel contribute to the better fitness and the extended lifespan in EGCG-treated flies".

Taken all together, green tea may have a profound effect in increasing lifespan in human, depending on the confirmation of further data collection from the large example size and multi-center studies.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Green tea polyphenols require the mitochondrial iron transporter, mitoferrin, for lifespan extension in Drosophila melanogaster by Lopez TE1, Pham HM1, Nguyen BV1, Tahmasian Y1, Ramsden S1, Coskun V1, Schriner SE1, Jafari M. (PubMed)
(2) Green tea polyphenols extend the lifespan of male drosophila melanogaster while impairing reproductive fitness by Lopez T1, Schriner SE, Okoro M, Lu D, Chiang BT, Huey J, Jafari M.(PubMed)
(3) Epigallocatechin gallate affects glucose metabolism and increases fitness and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster by Wagner AE1, Piegholdt S1, Rabe D1, Baenas N1,2, Schloesser A1, Eggersdorfer M3, Stocker A4, Rimbach G. (PubMed)
(4) Effects of a 14-day healthy longevity lifestyle program on cognition and brain function by Small GW1, Silverman DH, Siddarth P, Ercoli LM, Miller KJ, Lavretsky H, Wright BC, Bookheimer SY, Barrio JR, Phelps ME. (PubMed)
(5) Foods for a Strong Heart, Brain, and Bones By John Donovan

Wednesday, 31 October 2018

Eggplant, The Veggie Which Normalizes the Blood Cholesterol with No Side Effects

By Kyle J. Norton

Eggplant may process a significant effect in decreasing the risk and onset of abnormally high blood cholesterol, some scientists suggested

Cholesterol, the waxy substance produced by the liver or intake from the dietary sources plays an important role in the building of the cell walls, producing steroid hormones and promoting the digestive function in food digestion.

However, high levels of blood cholesterol can weaken the arterial wall and block the blood flow in the arteries, leading to the substantially increased the risk of heart diseases and stroke.

The ratio of total cholesterol is 4/1, any numbers that are less than is considered within the healthy range. The lower of the ratio is an indication that you have a higher than normal amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which is essential to remove blood cholesterol from the blood back to the liver, leading to less low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the initiation of cardiovascular diseases.
.

The below table Classification of cholesterol levels, provided by Dr.Michael Tanner and Dr. Nate Link the lead author at the New York University School of Medicine and Bellevue Hospital Center New York,

*Cholesterol, mmol/L (mg/dL)*	*Classification*
Total
<5.17 (<200)	Desirable
5.17-6.19 (200-239)	Borderline
≥6.20 (≥240)	High
HDL-C	Classification
<1.00 (<40)	Low
≥1.43 (≥60)	High

US prevalence (%) of high total cholesterol levels (≥6.21 mmol/L [≥240 mg/dL]) and coronary artery disease (NHANES III: 1988-1991)1

*Age, yr*	*High cholesterol level*		*Coronary artery disease*
	*Men*	*Women*	*Men*	*Women*
20-34	9	8	2	3
35-44	18	11	3	4
45-54	25	23	9	6
55-64	25	37	17	12
65-74	22	39	17	11
≥75	14	32	23	16

In the study to reaffirm the Eggplant (Solanum melongena) consumed extensively in Brazil may have a strong effect in reducing the serum cholesterol researchers at the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas conducted an evaluation to test the plant cholesterol metabolism and hypocholesterolemic effect

In the total of 38 hypercholesterolemic human volunteers ingesting S. melongena infusion for five weeks, 38 hypercholesterolemic subjects were given either S. melongena infusion (N = 19) or placebo (N = 19) participated in two clinical experiments in which the effect of S. melongena infusion was studied with (N = 16) or without (N = 38) dietary orientation.

S. melongena infusion significantly reduced the blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol and of apolipoprotein B.

After dietary orientation, no intra- or intergroup differences were seen for any of the parameters analyzed.

The results suggest that S. melongena infusion had a modest and transitory effect, which was not different from that obtained with standard orientation for dyslipidemia patients (diet and physical activities).

Dried powdered fruits of eggplant (Solanum melongena) was tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of oral Solanum melongena (SM) consisted of 41 hyperlipidemic volunteers allocated to active treatment (n= 21) or placebo (n= 20).

Each volunteer received two capsules containing SM (450 mg) or placebo (450 mg) twice daily and was followed monthly. The dose of SM used corresponds to that given to treat hyperlipidemia in Brazil.

After 3 months, serum total cholesterol, LDL-c, and LDL-c/HDL-c decreased (p<0.05) in the group treated with SM.

Dr. Silva GE, the lead author wrote at the final report of the study, " SM, at least in the form commercialized in Brazil (dried powdered fruits), require further clinical trials before being recommended to treat hyperlipidemia".

Taken altogether, eggplant may be considered a functional food for the prevention and an adjunct therapy for the treatment of high blood cholesterol with no side effects.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) In vitro studies of eggplant (Solanum melongena) phenolics as inhibitors of key enzymes relevant for type 2 diabetes and hypertension by Kwon YI1, Apostolidis E, Shetty K.(PubMed)
(2) Eggplant (Solanum melongena) infusion has a modest and transitory effect on hypercholesterolemic subjects by Guimarães PR1, Galvão AM, Batista CM, Azevedo GS, Oliveira RD, Lamounier RP, Freire N, Barros AM, Sakurai E, Oliveira JP, Vieira EC, Alvarez-Leite JI.(PubMed)
(3) [Absence of hypolipidemic effect of Solanum melongena L. (eggplant) on hyperlipidemic patients].[Article in Portuguese] by Silva GE1, Takahashi MH, Eik Filho W, Albino CC, Tasim GE, Serri Lde A, Assef AH, Cortez DA, Bazotte RB.(PubMed)
(4) Hyperlipidemia: Part 1. Evaluation and dietary management by Michael Tanner1 and Nate Link.(PMC)

Eggplant, the Free Radical Scavengers Functional Food, Scientists Find

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a whole vegetable which processes the function in balancing the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants, some studies suggested.

Free radicals are unstable molecules with an unpaired electron in the outer ring. In order for them to become stable, free radicals always seek other atoms or molecules to bond to leading to domino's effect that cannot stop until they are either pair or inhibited by antioxidants

The continuation of this domino's effects is known to begin a process called oxidative stress. A prolonged period of overexpression of free radical can cause oxidative stress, a major cause of some chronic diseases, including diabetes.

Truly, free radicals and oxidants play a dual role as both toxic and beneficial compounds. On the benefit side, according to Wanjek wrote in 2006, "The body's ability to turn air and food into chemical energy depends on a chain reaction of free radicals. Free radicals are also a crucial part of the immune system, floating through the veins and attacking foreign invaders".

Free radicals can promote toxicity to cancer cells, leading to antiproliferative and apoptotic effects without harming the nearby healthy cell if administration with dietary antioxidants or stimulated the production of antioxidants enzymes in the host through healthy food sources.

On the other hand, overexpression of free radical can be very harmful, Dr. Lien Ai Pham-Huy, the lead author in the study "Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health" said, "When an overload of free radicals cannot gradually be destroyed, their accumulation in the body generates a phenomenon called oxidative stress. This process plays a major part in the development of chronic and degenerative illness such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, aging, cataract, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases".

"The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants, which are either naturally produced in situ, or externally supplied through foods and/or supplements".

These analyses suggested that a healthy diet and lifestyle play a critical role in reducing the risk of imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants by increasing the expression of antioxidants and decreasing the risk of overload of free radicals.

Eggplant is a species of S. melongena, belonging to the family Solanaceae and native to India. The plant has been cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory.

It is famous for its deep purple and the best eggplant can be found from August through October when it is in season.

The vegetable chemical compounds include sterols (i.e. typical plant sterols, androstane, pregnane and cholestane derivatives, steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins), phytosterols, triterpenes, δ-amyrin, Chlorogenic acid, Nasunin, and other Polyphenolic compounds.

In the reaffirming of the effects of eggplant rich source of polyphenol compounds endowed with antioxidant properties, researchers launched an evaluation to compare the antioxidant activity of the extract polyphenols from eggplant entire fruit, pulp, or skin, both fresh and dry and conventional extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE).

In the time exposure 15, 30, 60, and 90 min) and solvent water 100% or ethanol/water, researchers found that 50% dry peeled skin treated with 50% aqueous ethanol, exerted a good antioxidant activity expressed by its capacity to scavenge superoxide anion and to inhibit lipid peroxidation compared to another eggplant extract.

Furthermore, in the evaluation of the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Solanum anguivi fruit (SAG)(Eggplant) and its possible effect on mitochondrial permeability transition pore as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) isolated from rat liver, researchers showed that
* SAG exhibited potent and concentration-dependent free radical-scavenging activity (IC50/DPPH=275.03±7.8 μg/mL).

* Reductive and iron chelation abilities also increase with an increase in SAG concentration.

* SAG also inhibited peroxidation of cerebral and hepatic lipids subjected to iron oxidative assault.

The effect of eggplant in reducing the expression of free radical was attributed to the presence of major bioactive compounds, including gallic acid [(17.54±0.04) mg/g], chlorogenic acid (21.90±0.02 mg/g), caffeic acid (16.64±0.01 mg/g), rutin [(14.71±0.03) mg/g] and quercetin [(7.39±0.05) mg/g].

Dr. Elekofehinti OO, the lead scientist said, "SAG extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants that may be used not only in pharmaceutical and food industry but also in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress".

Taken all together, there is no doubt that eggplant processes a powerful antioxidants activity in the prevention of overexpression of free radical in the initiation of oxidative stress and combined with a primary theory for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases, depending on the confirmation of further data collection from the large example size and multi-center studies in human.

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Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of microwave-assisted Solanum melongena extracts by Salerno L, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Siracusa MA, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Acquaviva R.(PubMed)
(2) African eggplant (Solanum anguivi Lam.) fruit with bioactive polyphenolic compounds exerts in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibits Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling by Elekofehinti OO1, Kamdem JP, Bolingon AA, Athayde ML, Lopes SR, Waczuk EP, Kade IJ, Adanlawo IG, Rocha JB. (PubMed)

Green Tea, The Beverage Protects The Brain Cells Against the Onset of Huntington's disease in Vitro, Scientists Say

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reducing symptoms and treatment of Huntington's disease (HD), some scientists suggested.

Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an inherited disorder characterized by the death of brain cells. In other words, HD is a neurodegenerative disease with physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms

Most common and early symptoms of patients with HD are subtle problems with mood or mental abilities, followed by a general lack of coordination and an unsteady gait.

The gene that affects Huntington disease is the protein named huntingtin.

Dr. Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner, in the study "Counting CAG repeats in the Huntington’s disease gene by restriction endonuclease EcoP15I cleavage" wrote, "The disease is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion located in the first exon of the HD gene. The CAG repeat is highly polymorphic and varies from 6 to 37 repeats on chromosomes of unaffected individuals and from more than 30 to 180 repeats on chromosomes of HD patients".

The defect of CAG sequence repeated too many times at the beginning of the gene, leading to the manufacture of mutant huntingtin, a protein can cause certain parts of the brain to die, particularly the cells in the caudate.

As the disease progresses, the outer part of the lentiform nucleus of the brain. also, are affected.
As the brain cells die, symptoms are even worse, affecting all aspects of physical, cognitive and emotional functioning.

According to the statistic provided by the Huntington Society of Cannada, approximately 1 in 7000 people in Canada has HD and every child of a person with HD has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene which causes the illness.

Green tea is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

In the findings of natural ingredient that may protect the brain against neurodegeneration, such as Huntington's disease (HD), researchers at the conducted study to evaluate whether flavonoids isolated from green tea exerts benefits in the treatment of 3-NP induced experimental model of HD in rats.

After 14 days that the tested rats were pretreated with Rutin, a potent antioxidant (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) orally prior to the intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration of 3-NP (10 mg/kg b.w.), researchers found that

* Injection of Rutin demonstrates a significant effect in promoting the productions of the antioxidant enzymes from the host such as glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR)against the 3-NP induced striatal damage by increased the levels of lipid peroxides, nitrite, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and acetylcholine esterase (AchE).

* Rutin treatment of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.w. also has a significant effect in restoring all the biochemical, behavioral and histological alterations caused by the 3-NP through its antioxidant activity.

* Rutin treatment rats also restored the body weight, locomotor activities and, memory caused by systemic administration of 3-NP.

Where

* Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein that is expressed in glial cells (astrocytes) and increased GFAP immunoreactivity (or astrocytic activation) is usually viewed as an index of gliosis or a relatively slow-developing correlate of neural damage, according to Finch, 2003; Hausmann, 2003.and

* Acetylcholine esterase (AchE).is an enzyme with function as neurotransmitters,

Additionally, in the investigation of the effects of L-theanine, a unique amino acid which has the function to crosses the blood-brain barrier and possesses neuroprotective potential against neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington disease (HD), researchers at the J I. K Gujral Punjab Technical University conducted an experiment with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced a spectrum of HD-like neuropathology in rat striatum.

Rats were administered with 3-NP for 21 days. L-theanine was given once a day, 1 h prior to 3-NP treatment for 21 days and L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.p.), NO inhibitor and L-arginine (50 mg/kg; i.p.), NO precursor were administered 1 h prior to L-theanine treatment. Body weight and behavioral observation were made on weekly basis.

At the final report, researchers wrote,
* The altered body weight, locomotor activity, motor coordination, mitochondrial complex-II activity, oxidative defense, pro-inflammatory mediators, and striatal neurotransmitters level caused by injection of 3-NP were totally significantly restored by pretreatment of L-theanine.

* Interestingly, concurrent treatment of L-NAME with L-theanine (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly enhanced the protective effect of L-theanine (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.) whereas concurrent treatment of L-arginine with L-theanine (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly ameliorated the protective effect of L-theanine (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.).

These results indicated that L-theanine displays the neuroprotective potential involving the inhibition of detrimental nitric oxide production and prevention of neurotransmitters alteration in the striatum.

The findings, not all ingredients isolated from green tea exerting the neuroprotective effect against the onset of neurodegenerative diseases including HD, however, moderate intake of green tea regularly and daily may provide a strong effect in ameliorating the symptoms and protecting the brain against neurons damage and death

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Effect of rutin against a mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionicacid induced biochemical, behavioral and histological alterations-a pilot study on Huntington's disease model in rats by Suganya SN1, Sumathi T2. (PubMed)
(2) Green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-gallate modulates early events in huntingtin misfolding and reduces toxicity in Huntington's disease models by Ehrnhoefer DE1, Duennwald M, Markovic P, Wacker JL, Engemann S, Roark M, Legleiter J, Marsh JL, Thompson LM, Lindquist S, Muchowski PJ, Wanker EE. (PubMed)
(3) L-theanine, a Component of Green Tea Prevents 3-Nitropropionic Acid (3-NP)-Induced Striatal Toxicity by Modulating Nitric Oxide Pathway by Jamwal S1,2, Kumar P3.(PubMed)
(4) Counting CAG repeats in the Huntington’s disease gene by restriction endonuclease EcoP15I cleavage vt Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner, Stefanie Reich, Merlind Mücke, Monika Reuter, Walter Messer,1Erich E. Wanker,2 and Detlev H. Krügera. (PMC)