Fennel Essential Oil and Extract, The Potent Anti Hypoglycemic Remedies, Scientists Reveal

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Fennel may process a strong effect in preventing the abnormal rise of blood glucose in patients with diabetes, some scientists found.

In compared to hyperglycemia with an excessive amount of glucose that circulates in the blood plasma, hypoglycemia is a condition of blood sugar, that falls below the levels of the normal range.

Patient with acute hypoglycemia may experience symptoms of clumsiness, trouble talking, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures or death.

Most cases of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes are due poor management. However, eating more carbohydrates than usual, less physical activity compared to normal day being sick or high levels of stress in patients with diabetes also can cause blood glucose uptake.

Some researchers suggested that not getting the right dosage of insulin and glucose-lowering medication also cause increased blood glucose levels.

 Long-term untreated hyperglycemia can elevate the onset of some serious complications including nerve damage, kidney damage and failure, heart disease and eye disease, particularly in food and skin problems. or retinopathy foot problems caused by damaged nerves and poor blood flow skin problems, such as bacterial and fungal infections

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species belongings to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean

The plant has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...

In the examine the antihyperglycemic activity of fennel essential oil in an animal model, researchers launched an investigation to evaluate of rats induced by bacterial streptozotocin. 

At the concentrations of  30 mg/kg body weight, essential oil of fennel demonstrated a correction of hyperglycemia  in the doses from 162.5 mg/dL to 81.97 ± 1.97 mg/dL by increased the serum of antioxidants activity of serum glutathione peroxidase from 59.72  U/g Hb to 99.60  U/g Hb produced by the host.

The application also improved the pathological changes noticed in their kidney and pancreas,  compared to the control group.

After making the final adjustment, researchers suggested that the study not only reaffirms the use of essential oil of fennel for the treatment of hyperglycemia in folk medicine but also raises the possibility of essential oil inclusion in the antidiabetic drug industry.

Further analysis of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of selected Sudanese plants, including fennel that is traditionally used to treat diabetes, researchers at the Khartoum College of Medical Sciences, suggested that fennel extract reveals a significant antioxidant activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assay.

However, injection of fennel extract exhibited the highest toxicity. 

These findings indicated that although fennel extract processes a substantial and positive effect in reducing the spike of blood glucose intake and the use of the fennel extract can only be prescribed by herbalists and professionals in the related field.

Additionally, in the testing, the hypoglycemic effect of single dose of Gluconorm-5 (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) made up of five plants namely Camellia sinensis, Punica granatum, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Foeniculum vulgare and Trigonella foenum-graecum in normal, glucose loaded normal and diabetes-induced rats, researchers found that

* Fifteen days of oral feeding of the Gluconorm-5 (300 and 600 mg/kg) to diabetic rats resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) reduction of blood glucose, lipid profile, liver weight, and marker enzymes as compared to those rats in whom STZ induced toxicity was untreated.

* The diabetic rats treated with the formula showed the expanded islets compared to the untreated diabetic rats, which showed the shrunken islets. 

* Treated rats received 300 mg/kg of Gluconorm-5 showed pronounced antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect.

This comprehensive differentiation showed that Gluconorm-5 processes a potent antidiabetic antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect properties.

Taken altogether, fennel extract, fennel essential oil used alone or combined with other herbal antidiabetic herbal medicine can be considered an adjuvant in the treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology by Shamkant B. Badgujar,* Vainav V. Patel, and Atmaram H. Bandivdekar(PMC)
(2) A study of antioxidant activity, enzymatic inhibition and in vitro toxicity of selected traditional Sudanese plants with anti-diabetic potential by Hilmi Y1, Abushama MF, Abdalgadir H, Khalid A, Khalid H(PubMed)
(3) The Dietary Furocoumarin Imperatorin Increases Plasma GLP-1 Levels in Type 1-Like Diabetic Rats by Wang LY1,2,3, Cheng KC4, Li Y5,6, Niu CS7, Cheng JT8,9, Niu HS(PubMed)
(4) Antidiabetic antihyperlipidemic and hepato-protective effect of Gluconorm-5: A polyherbal formulation in steptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats by Gengiah K1, Hari R2, Anbu J(PubMed)

Green Tea, A Potential Healthy and Longevity Functional Food, Scientists Find

By Kyle J. Norton


Regular and daily moderate green tea intake may have a potential effect in increasing the lifespan in human, some scientists suggested.

Some researchers suggested that human longevity without health issue can be achieved through a healthy diet and lifestyle.

Dr. Small GW, the lead author in the study "A short-term healthy lifestyle program combining mental and physical exercise, stress reduction, and healthy diet was associated with significant effects on cognitive function and brain metabolism. Reduced resting activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may reflect the greater cognitive efficiency of a brain region involved in working memory".

Would these results be enough for a person to live longer and healthier?

Eating the right foods can lead to a longer, healthier life. Some researchers recommended the following diet for the elderly to liver longevity without some major health issues.

* A basic heart-healthy diet including fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products like yogurt and cheese, skinless poultry, lots of fish nuts and beans and non-tropical vegetable oils can help to control your weight, because more than a third of people 65 and older are obese, the major cause of diabetes, some cancers, and heart disease.

* A  basic brain-healthy diet including lean meats, deep-sea fish, skim milk products and some whole grain cereals that reduces risk neurodegenerative disease can improve the memory.

* A basic protein diet to build the muscle diet including low-fat or fat-free yogurt, cheese, milk, lean meats, fish, other seafood, and beans.

* A basic diet including calcium and vitamin D in fortified foods, fish like salmon, and dairy products. to build the bone.

In the study to reaffirm the effect of green tea in increasing lifespan in various experimental animal models, researchers at the University of California Irvine launched an investigation to examine whether green tea acts to increase the lifespan of the fruit fly by modulating iron regulators, specifically, mitoferrin, a mitochondrial iron transporter, and transferrin, found in the hemolymph of flies

Application of green tea increased the lifespan of transferrin mutant lifespan but not the mitoferrin mutants and fertility, compared to the increased male fly lifespan and reduced male fertility in the non-mutant group.

These results suggested that green tea may act to increase the lifespan of Drosophila in part by the regulation of mitoferrin and reduction of mitochondrial iron.

Continued to the above investigation, researchers found that the lifespan extension properties of green tea were only observed in the presence of females which alludes to a reproductive (or mating) dependent mechanism.

Furthermore, the application of green tea exerted a strong and negatively impact on male fertility as shown by a reduced number of offspring produced and increased mating latency

These correlations suggested that green tea extends the lifespan of male flies by inhibiting reproductive potential, possibly by limiting iron uptake.

Researchers at the final report indicated green tea may have a profound effect in increasing lifespan but a negative effect on reproductive fitness in humans.

Moreover, in the study of a standardized epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) rich green tea extract (comprising > 90% EGCG) effects on fitness and lifespan as well as parameters of glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, researchers found that
* The application of the green tea extract demonstrates a significant increase in the mean lifespan (+ 3.3 days) and the 50% survival (+ 4.3 days) as well as improved fitness

* These effects went along an increased expression of Spargel, the homolog of mammalian PGC1α whose dysfunction is associated with accelerated aging, decreased mobility and decreased lifespan.

* Treatment with the green tea extract decreased glucose concentrations.

Dr. Wagner AE, the lead scientist said, "a decrease in glucose metabolism in connection with an upregulated expression of Spargel contribute to the better fitness and the extended lifespan in EGCG-treated flies".

Taken all together, green tea may have a profound effect in increasing lifespan in human, depending on the confirmation of further data collection from the large example size and multi-center studies.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


Sources
(1) Green tea polyphenols require the mitochondrial iron transporter, mitoferrin, for lifespan extension in Drosophila melanogaster by Lopez TE1, Pham HM1, Nguyen BV1, Tahmasian Y1, Ramsden S1, Coskun V1, Schriner SE1, Jafari M. (PubMed)
(2) Green tea polyphenols extend the lifespan of male drosophila melanogaster while impairing reproductive fitness by Lopez T1, Schriner SE, Okoro M, Lu D, Chiang BT, Huey J, Jafari M.(PubMed)
(3) Epigallocatechin gallate affects glucose metabolism and increases fitness and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster by Wagner AE1, Piegholdt S1, Rabe D1, Baenas N1,2, Schloesser A1, Eggersdorfer M3, Stocker A4, Rimbach G. (PubMed)
(4) Effects of a 14-day healthy longevity lifestyle program on cognition and brain function by Small GW1, Silverman DH, Siddarth P, Ercoli LM, Miller KJ, Lavretsky H, Wright BC, Bookheimer SY, Barrio JR, Phelps ME. (PubMed)
(5) Foods for a Strong Heart, Brain, and Bones By John Donovan

Eggplant, The Veggie Which Normalizes the Blood Cholesterol with No Side Effects

By Kyle J. Norton


Eggplant  may process a significant effect in decreasing the risk and onset of abnormally high blood cholesterol, some scientists suggested

Cholesterol, the waxy substance produced by the liver or intake from the dietary sources plays an important role in the building of the cell walls, producing steroid hormones and promoting the digestive function in food digestion.

However, high levels of blood cholesterol can weaken the arterial wall and block the blood flow in the arteries, leading to the substantially increased the risk of heart diseases and stroke.

The ratio of total cholesterol is 4/1, any numbers that are less than is considered within the healthy range. The lower of the ratio is an indication that you have a higher than normal amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which is essential to remove blood cholesterol from the blood back to the liver, leading to less low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the initiation of cardiovascular diseases.
.

The below table Classification of cholesterol levels, provided by Dr.Michael Tanner and Dr. Nate Link the lead author at the New York University School of Medicine and Bellevue Hospital Center New York,

Cholesterol, mmol/L (mg/dL)	Classification
Total
<5.17 (<200)	Desirable
5.17-6.19 (200-239)	Borderline
≥6.20 (≥240)	High
HDL-C	Classification
<1.00 (<40)	Low
≥1.43 (≥60)	High

US prevalence (%) of high total cholesterol levels (≥6.21 mmol/L [≥240 mg/dL]) and coronary artery disease (NHANES III: 1988-1991)1

Age, yr	High cholesterol level		Coronary artery disease
	Men	Women	Men	Women
20-34	9	8	2	3
35-44	18	11	3	4
45-54	25	23	9	6
55-64	25	37	17	12
65-74	22	39	17	11
≥75	14	32	23	16

Eggplant is a species of S. melongena, belonging to the family Solanaceae and native to India.

The plant has been cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory. It is famous with its deeply purple and the best eggplant can be found from August through October when it is in season.

Chemical constituents of eggplant include sterols (i.e. typical plant sterols, androstane, pregnane and cholestane derivatives, steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins), phytosterols, triterpenes, δ-amyrin, Chlorogenic acid, Nasunin and other Polyphenolic compounds.

In the study to reaffirm the Eggplant (Solanum melongena) consumed extensively in Brazil may have a strong effect in reducing the serum cholesterol researchers at the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas conducted an evaluation to test the plant cholesterol metabolism and hypocholesterolemic effect

In the total of 38 hypercholesterolemic human volunteers ingesting S. melongena infusion for five weeks, 38 hypercholesterolemic subjects were given either S. melongena infusion (N = 19) or placebo (N = 19) participated in two clinical experiments in which the effect of S. melongena infusion was studied with (N = 16) or without (N = 38) dietary orientation.

S. melongena infusion significantly reduced the blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol and of apolipoprotein B.

After dietary orientation, no intra- or intergroup differences were seen for any of the parameters analyzed.

The results suggest that S. melongena infusion had a modest and transitory effect, which was not different from that obtained with standard orientation for dyslipidemia patients (diet and physical activities).

Dried powdered fruits of eggplant (Solanum melongena) was tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of oral Solanum melongena (SM) consisted of 41 hyperlipidemic volunteers allocated to active treatment (n= 21) or placebo (n= 20).

Each volunteer received two capsules containing SM (450 mg) or placebo (450 mg) twice daily and was followed monthly. The dose of SM used corresponds to that given to treat hyperlipidemia in Brazil.

After 3 months, serum total cholesterol, LDL-c, and LDL-c/HDL-c decreased (p<0.05) in the group treated with SM.

Dr. Silva GE, the lead author wrote at the final report of the study, " SM, at least in the form commercialized in Brazil (dried powdered fruits), require further clinical trials before being recommended to treat hyperlipidemia".

Taken altogether, eggplant may be considered a functional food for the prevention and an adjunct therapy for the treatment of high blood cholesterol with no side effects.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) In vitro studies of eggplant (Solanum melongena) phenolics as inhibitors of key enzymes relevant for type 2 diabetes and hypertension by Kwon YI1, Apostolidis E, Shetty K.(PubMed)
(2) Eggplant (Solanum melongena) infusion has a modest and transitory effect on hypercholesterolemic subjects by Guimarães PR1, Galvão AM, Batista CM, Azevedo GS, Oliveira RD, Lamounier RP, Freire N, Barros AM, Sakurai E, Oliveira JP, Vieira EC, Alvarez-Leite JI.(PubMed)
(3) [Absence of hypolipidemic effect of Solanum melongena L. (eggplant) on hyperlipidemic patients].[Article in Portuguese] by Silva GE1, Takahashi MH, Eik Filho W, Albino CC, Tasim GE, Serri Lde A, Assef AH, Cortez DA, Bazotte RB.(PubMed)
(4) Hyperlipidemia: Part 1. Evaluation and dietary management by Michael Tanner1 and Nate Link.(PMC)

Eggplant, the Free Radical Scavengers Functional Food, Scientists Find

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a whole vegetable which processes the function in balancing the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants, some studies suggested.

Free radicals are unstable molecules with an unpaired electron in the outer ring. In order for them to become stable, free radicals always seek other atoms or molecules to bond to leading to domino's effect that cannot stop until they are either pair or inhibited by antioxidants

The continuation of this domino's effects is known to begin a process called oxidative stress. A prolonged period of overexpression of free radical can cause oxidative stress, a major cause of some chronic diseases, including diabetes.

Truly, free radicals and oxidants play a dual role as both toxic and beneficial compounds. On the benefit side, according to Wanjek wrote in 2006, "The body's ability to turn air and food into chemical energy depends on a chain reaction of free radicals. Free radicals are also a crucial part of the immune system, floating through the veins and attacking foreign invaders".

Free radicals can promote toxicity to cancer cells, leading to antiproliferative and apoptotic effects without harming the nearby healthy cell if administration with dietary antioxidants or stimulated the production of antioxidants enzymes in the host through healthy food sources.

On the other hand, overexpression of free radical can be very harmful, Dr. Lien Ai Pham-Huy, the lead author in the study "Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health" said, "When an overload of free radicals cannot gradually be destroyed, their accumulation in the body generates a phenomenon called oxidative stress. This process plays a major part in the development of chronic and degenerative illness such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, aging, cataract, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases".

"The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants, which are either naturally produced in situ, or externally supplied through foods and/or supplements".

These analyses suggested that a healthy diet and lifestyle play a critical role in reducing the risk of imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants by increasing the expression of antioxidants and decreasing the risk of overload of free radicals.

Eggplant is a species of S. melongena, belonging to the family Solanaceae and native to India. The plant has been cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory.

It is famous for its deep purple and the best eggplant can be found from August through October when it is in season.

The vegetable chemical compounds include sterols (i.e. typical plant sterols, androstane, pregnane and cholestane derivatives, steroidal alkaloids and sapogenins), phytosterols, triterpenes, δ-amyrin, Chlorogenic acid, Nasunin, and other Polyphenolic compounds.

In the reaffirming of the effects of eggplant rich source of polyphenol compounds endowed with antioxidant properties, researchers launched an evaluation to compare the antioxidant activity of the extract polyphenols from eggplant entire fruit, pulp, or skin, both fresh and dry and conventional extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE).

In the time exposure 15, 30, 60, and 90 min) and solvent water 100% or ethanol/water, researchers found that 50% dry peeled skin treated with 50% aqueous ethanol, exerted a good antioxidant activity expressed by its capacity to scavenge superoxide anion and to inhibit lipid peroxidation compared to another eggplant extract.

Furthermore, in the evaluation of the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Solanum anguivi fruit (SAG)(Eggplant) and its possible effect on mitochondrial permeability transition pore as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) isolated from rat liver, researchers showed that
* SAG exhibited potent and concentration-dependent free radical-scavenging activity (IC50/DPPH=275.03±7.8 μg/mL).

* Reductive and iron chelation abilities also increase with an increase in SAG concentration.

* SAG also inhibited peroxidation of cerebral and hepatic lipids subjected to iron oxidative assault.

The effect of eggplant in reducing the expression of free radical was attributed to the presence of major bioactive compounds, including gallic acid [(17.54±0.04) mg/g], chlorogenic acid (21.90±0.02 mg/g), caffeic acid (16.64±0.01 mg/g), rutin [(14.71±0.03) mg/g] and quercetin [(7.39±0.05) mg/g].

Dr. Elekofehinti OO, the lead scientist said, "SAG extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants that may be used not only in pharmaceutical and food industry but also in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress".

Taken all together, there is no doubt that eggplant processes a powerful antioxidants activity in the prevention of overexpression of free radical in the initiation of oxidative stress and combined with a primary theory for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases, depending on the confirmation of further data collection from the large example size and multi-center studies in human.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of microwave-assisted Solanum melongena extracts by Salerno L, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Siracusa MA, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Acquaviva R.(PubMed)
(2) African eggplant (Solanum anguivi Lam.) fruit with bioactive polyphenolic compounds exerts in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibits Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling by Elekofehinti OO1, Kamdem JP, Bolingon AA, Athayde ML, Lopes SR, Waczuk EP, Kade IJ, Adanlawo IG, Rocha JB. (PubMed)

Green Tea, The Beverage Protects The Brain Cells Against the Onset of Huntington's disease in Vitro, Scientists Say

Kyle J. Norton 

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reducing symptoms and treatment of Huntington's disease (HD), some scientists suggested.

Huntington's disease (HD), also known as Huntington's chorea, is an inherited disorder characterized by the death of brain cells. In other words, HD is a neurodegenerative disease with physical, cognitive and emotional symptoms

Most common and early symptoms of patients with HD are subtle problems with mood or mental abilities, followed by a general lack of coordination and an unsteady gait.

The gene that affects Huntington disease is the protein named huntingtin.

Dr. Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner, in the study "Counting CAG repeats in the Huntington’s disease gene by restriction endonuclease EcoP15I cleavage" wrote, "The disease is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion located in the first exon of the HD gene. The CAG repeat is highly polymorphic and varies from 6 to 37 repeats on chromosomes of unaffected individuals and from more than 30 to 180 repeats on chromosomes of HD patients".

The defect of CAG sequence repeated too many times at the beginning of the gene, leading to the manufacture of mutant huntingtin, a protein can cause certain parts of the brain to die, particularly the cells in the caudate.

As the disease progresses, the outer part of the lentiform nucleus of the brain. also, are affected.
As the brain cells die, symptoms are even worse, affecting all aspects of physical, cognitive and emotional functioning.

According to the statistic provided by the Huntington Society of Cannada, approximately 1 in 7000 people in Canada has HD and every child of a person with HD has a 50% chance of inheriting the gene which causes the illness.

Green tea is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

In the findings of natural ingredient that may protect the brain against neurodegeneration, such as Huntington's disease (HD), researchers at the conducted study to evaluate whether flavonoids isolated from green tea exerts benefits in the treatment of 3-NP induced experimental model of HD in rats.

After 14 days that the tested rats were pretreated with Rutin, a potent antioxidant (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) orally prior to the intraperitoneally (i.p.) administration of 3-NP (10 mg/kg b.w.), researchers found that

* Injection of Rutin demonstrates a significant effect in promoting the productions of the antioxidant enzymes from the host such as glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR)against the 3-NP induced striatal damage by increased the levels of lipid peroxides, nitrite, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and acetylcholine esterase (AchE).

* Rutin treatment of 25 and 50 mg/kg b.w. also has a significant effect in restoring all the biochemical, behavioral and histological alterations caused by the 3-NP through its antioxidant activity.

* Rutin treatment rats also restored the body weight, locomotor activities and, memory caused by systemic administration of 3-NP.

Where 

* Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament protein that is expressed in glial cells (astrocytes) and increased GFAP immunoreactivity (or astrocytic activation) is usually viewed as an index of gliosis or a relatively slow-developing correlate of neural damage, according to Finch, 2003; Hausmann, 2003.and

* Acetylcholine esterase (AchE).is an enzyme with function as neurotransmitters,

Additionally, in the investigation of the effects of L-theanine, a unique amino acid which has the function to crosses the blood-brain barrier and possesses neuroprotective potential against neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington disease (HD), researchers at the J I. K Gujral Punjab Technical University conducted an experiment with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced a spectrum of HD-like neuropathology in rat striatum.

Rats were administered with 3-NP for 21 days. L-theanine was given once a day, 1 h prior to 3-NP treatment for 21 days and L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.p.), NO inhibitor and L-arginine (50 mg/kg; i.p.), NO precursor were administered 1 h prior to L-theanine treatment. Body weight and behavioral observation were made on weekly basis.

At the final report, researchers wrote,
* The altered body weight, locomotor activity, motor coordination, mitochondrial complex-II activity, oxidative defense, pro-inflammatory mediators, and striatal neurotransmitters level caused by injection of 3-NP were totally significantly restored by pretreatment of L-theanine.

* Interestingly, concurrent treatment of L-NAME with L-theanine (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly enhanced the protective effect of L-theanine (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.) whereas concurrent treatment of L-arginine with L-theanine (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly ameliorated the protective effect of L-theanine (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.). 

These results indicated that L-theanine displays the neuroprotective potential involving the inhibition of detrimental nitric oxide production and prevention of neurotransmitters alteration in the striatum.

The findings, not all ingredients isolated from green tea exerting the neuroprotective effect against the onset of neurodegenerative diseases including HD, however, moderate intake of green tea regularly and daily may provide a strong effect in ameliorating the symptoms and protecting the brain against neurons damage and death

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Effect of rutin against a mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionicacid induced biochemical, behavioral and histological alterations-a pilot study on Huntington's disease model in rats by Suganya SN1, Sumathi T2. (PubMed)
(2) Green tea (-)-epigallocatechin-gallate modulates early events in huntingtin misfolding and reduces toxicity in Huntington's disease models by Ehrnhoefer DE1, Duennwald M, Markovic P, Wacker JL, Engemann S, Roark M, Legleiter J, Marsh JL, Thompson LM, Lindquist S, Muchowski PJ, Wanker EE. (PubMed)
(3) L-theanine, a Component of Green Tea Prevents 3-Nitropropionic Acid (3-NP)-Induced Striatal Toxicity by Modulating Nitric Oxide Pathway by Jamwal S1,2, Kumar P3.(PubMed)
(4) Counting CAG repeats in the Huntington’s disease gene by restriction endonuclease EcoP15I cleavage vt Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner, Stefanie Reich, Merlind Mücke, Monika Reuter, Walter Messer,1Erich E. Wanker,2 and Detlev H. Krügera. (PMC)

Carrots, The Veggie Which Balances the Ratio of ROS and Antioxidant Enzymes in Our Body

Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a root vegetable with the potential for balancing the levels of antioxidants and free radicals in our body, some studies suggested.

Free radicals are oxygen molecules with unpaired electrons which are unstable and readily steal an electron from other molecules.

If the action is allowed to continuous, the process will increase the levels of radicals in overwhelming the antioxidant enzymes in the host body, leading to an imbalance of the ratio between the 2, the major cause of diseases associated to oxidative stress.

According to epidemiological studies, diseases associated with the imbalance of the levels of free radicals and antioxidants include central nervous system diseases, such as Alzheimer's and other dementias, cardiovascular disease due to clogged arteries, autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, cataracts and age-related vision and promotion of the early onset of aging.

On the other hand, antioxidants are molecules which inhibit oxidation. Therefore, they can stop the chain reaction, facilitated by the domino's function of free radicals.

Antioxidant enzymes found in our body including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) have a significant effect in the protection of our health by inhibiting the overproduction of free radicals. 

Other nonantioxidant enzymes include thiol, ascorbic acid, and uric acid, and dietary antioxidants.

Carrots may have a profound and positive effect on reduced risk, progression and treatment of lung cancer, some scientists suggested.

Carrot, a root vegetable with an orange color is a subspecies of Daucus carota, belonging to the family Apiaceae, native to Asian and Europe.

In the investigation to examine the effect of three processing units (blanching, enzyme liquefaction, and pasteurization) on polyphenols and antioxidant activity of carrot juices, including five polyphenolic acids identified in fresh carrot juice, with chlorogenic acid as the predominant compound.

Researchers at the Shaanxi Normal University found that 

* Compared with fresh carrot juice, blanching and enzyme liquefaction can increase the total polyphenol content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity in scavenging DPPH free radicals (DPPH) and Fe(2+)-chelating capacity (FC), whereas pasteurization could result in the decrease of the TPC and the antioxidant activity in DPPH and FC.

* The blanching, enzyme liquefaction, and pasteurization showed little influence on the antioxidant activity in lipid peroxidation protection.

* The antioxidant activities in DPPH and FC increased with the increased concentration while no correlation between lipid peroxidation protection and polyphenols concentration.

Additionally, in the study to examine the carotenoids effect in acting as antioxidants and protecting humans from serious disorders such as skin degeneration and aging, cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, and age-related diseases of the eye, researchers at the Gyeongsang National University, launched an evaluation of the chemopreventive activities of a carotenoids-overexpressing transgenic carrot.

According to the DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide radical scavenging tests, the acetone extract obtained from the taproots of the carrot plants exhibits significant antioxidant activity.

A higher activity was detected in the transgenic carrot extract compared with the wild-type extract. And A chemopreventive activity test for degenerative diseases of the eye revealed that pretreatment with the carrot extract reduces cell death in a retinal ganglion cell line,

More importantly, purple carrot (PC), the potential dietary constituent, was found to process antioxidant activity in modulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the gastrointestinal tract.

By analyzing the antioxidant capacity of a PC extract in the digestion process simulated in the artificial alimentary tract, including the stomach, small intestine, and colon, through the normal human cells of colon mucosa, researchers discovered

* The extract obtained upon passage through the gastrointestinal tract which could come into contact with the colonic cells in situ, was less potent than the extract direct injection,

* Digested PC extract exhibited intracellular ROS-inhibitory capacity with 1mg/mL in increasing ROS clearance by 18.4%. and  20.7% in oxidative DNA damage.

All studies included in the article suggested that carrot regardless of processing processes a significant activity in inhibiting the free radicals before they can induce oxidative stress in the facilitation of chronic diseases.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Antioxidant effects of gastrointestinal digested purple carrot extract on the human cells of colonic mucosa by Olejnik A1, Rychlik J2, Kidoń M3, Czapski J3, Kowalska K2, Juzwa W2, Olkowicz M2, Dembczyński R2, Moyer MP4(PubMed)
(2) Influence of technical processing units on polyphenols, and antioxidant capacity of carrot(Daucus carrot L.) juice by Ma T1, Tian C, Luo J, Zhou R, Sun X, Ma J.(PubMed)
(3) Enhanced antioxidant and protective activities on retinal ganglion cells of carotenoids-overexpressing transgenic carrot by Yoon KD1, Kang SN, Bae JY, Lee HS, Kwak SS, Jang I, Kim IS, Lee CH, Bae JM, Lee SW, Ahn MJ(PubMed)

Fennel, the Natural Bronchodilator With No Side Effects

By Kyle J. Norton

Fennel may have a potential and positive effect in improving the function of the lung through its bronchodilatory activity, some scientists suggested.

Bronchodilation is a condition with an expansion of the bronchial air passages.

A bronchodilator is a medical substance, including medications and inhalers that dilate the bronchi and bronchioles by decreasing the constriction of the respiratory airway muscles and increasing airflow to the lungs.

Most common diseases associated with the use of bronchodilator are asthma, a common lung condition caused by inflammation of the airways and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung condition, caused by long-term smoking.

The conventional bronchodilator may be effective in treating the symptoms of the airway conditions, however, they can induce some side effects such as gastrointestinal discomforts, increase heart palpitation and beat, sleep problem and headache.

Dr. Gupta P, the lead author in the study "Potential adverse effects of bronchodilators in the treatment of airways obstruction in older people: recommendations for prescribing" wrote, "Cardiovascular disease is common in older people and beta-adrenoceptor agonists (beta-agonists) have inotropic and chronotropic effects that can increase arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy. They can also worsen or induce myocardial ischemia and cause electrolyte disturbances that contribute to arrhythmias" and "Long-term beta-agonist use can be associated with tolerance, poor disease control, sudden life-threatening exacerbations, and asthma-related deaths".

Therefore, if you currently use the medicine for treatment of airway problems, please make sure you have discussed these side effects with your doctor, particularly, if you intend to use them in a long-term basis.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant species of the genus Foeniculum, belonging to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), native to the Mediterranean.

The plant has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as warming, carminative, antispasmodic, antidepressant agent and to stimulate the appetite, ease indigestion, soothe coughing, reduce intestinal spasms, to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve PMS,...

In the study of fennel effect in airway expansion in an animal model, researchers found that ethanol extract and essential oil from F. vulgare exhibited bronchodilatory activity on contracted tracheal chains of guinea pig associated with the potassium channel opening effect.

Anethole, a major compound isolated from fennel bore a striking resemblance to the catecholamines epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine is found to process numbers of sympathomimetic activities in relaxing the airway smooth muscle, including the bronchodilatory effects.

Furthermore, in the demonstration of the relaxant effects of aqueous and ethanol extracts and an essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare, compared to negative controls (saline for aqueous extract and essential oil and ethanol for ethanol extract) and a positive control (diltiazem) using isolated tracheal chains of the guinea pig by 10 microM methacholine (group 1) and 60 mM KCl (group 2, n = 7 for each group), researchers found that
* In the group 1, experiments diltiazem, ethanol extract, and essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare showed a significant relaxant effect on the methacholine-induced contraction of tracheal chains compared to those of negative controls.


* The effect of the fennel ethanol extract was significantly greater than those of diltiazem.

* Compared to others application, the aqueous extract did not show any relaxant effect in group 1.

* In compared to group 1, The relaxant effects of ethanol extracts and essential oil obtained in the group 2 experiments were significantly lower.

These results confirmed that the bronchodilatory effects of ethanol extract and essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare.

However, in respect to the calcium channel, researchers found that the inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts and essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare are not contributing to their relaxant (bronchodilatory) effects on the tested guinea pig tracheal chains.  

More importantly, in the study to reaffirm that inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) either reduced pulmonary resistance after an induced bronchospasm or protected animals from bronchoconstriction, researchers at the Department of Radiobiology Kasturba Medical College conducted an experiment to evaluate whether NO inhalation (80 parts per million) influences basal bronchial tone or reverses methacholine-induced bronchospasm.

One week later, after methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction, researchers found that

*NO increased SGaw, a specific airway conductance (SGaw) as a measure of airway caliber in seven healthy men by 23% and albuterol inhaled after NO, or on a separate day, significantly increased SGaw as well.

* The bronchodilator effect of NO in men with methacholine-induced bronchospasm is much less than that reported in animals or that regularly observed in asthmatic patients after the inhalation of beta-sympathomimetic drugs.

Nitric oxide NO when used combined with the aqueous extract of Foeniculum vulgare not only exerts the similar effect in reducing the pulmonary resistance and improving airway expansion but also prevent the potential toxicity of NO and its oxidizing product nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

Taken altogether, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) may be considered a functional food and an adjunct therapy for treatment of airway inflammatory disease through its bronchodilatory effect

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology by Shamkant B. Badgujar,* Vainav V. Patel, and Atmaram H. Bandivdekar(PMC)
(2) Possible mechanism(s) for relaxant effects of Foeniculum vulgare on guinea pig tracheal chains by Boskabady MH1, Khatami A, Nazari A.(PubMed)
(3) Bronchodilator effect of inhaled nitric oxide in healthy men by Sanna A1, Kurtansky A, Veriter C, Stănescu D(PubMed)
(4) Evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity of certain spices in vitro: a preliminary study by Baliga MS1, Jagetia GC, Rao SK, Babu K.(PubMed)
(5) Potential adverse effects of bronchodilators in the treatment of airways obstruction in older people: recommendations for prescribing by Gupta P1, O'Mahony MS.(PubMed)