Cruciferous Vegetables, The Anti Breast Cancer Functional Vegetable, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Scientists may have found a delicious whole food which has a potential in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, some studies suggested.

Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is chronic disease characterized by abnormal cell growth in either the tissues the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk.

There are also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast.

According to the statistic, in 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during the lifetime of a woman is 1/8.

As of today, the exact causes of breast cancer are still unknown. Researchers believed that

genetic mutation inherited from the parents and an unhealthy diet and lifestyle are the major factors that facilitate the early onset of the disease.

However, dietary factors that contribute to chronic low-grade metabolic acidosis have been linked to breast cancer risk, probably are associated with the diet-dependent acid load in the risk of breast cancer.

Dr. Park YM, the lead scientist in the study "Higher diet-dependent acid load, is associated with risk of breast cancer: Findings from the Sister Study" in the differentiation of The Potential Renal Acid Load (PRAL) score used to estimate the diet-dependent acid load, said, "Since PRAL scores are positively correlated with meat consumption and negatively correlated with fruit and vegetable intake, results also suggest that diets high in fruits and vegetables and low in meat may be protective against hormone receptor-negative breast cancer".

These results suggested women who follow the typical Western diet is associated with the higher risk of breast cancer, development. 

Many other factors like pesticides used in agriculture or the exposure to chemical substances, electromagnetic pollution, environmental pollution, or cosmic radiation, as well as the use of cell phones, cosmetics, and bras, even television viewing time,

Dr. Max Dieterich, the lead author in the concerns of an unhealthy lifestyle in risk of breast cancer, wrote, "appropriate education programs addressing lifestyle changes are crucial in terms of preventing BC. These programs should be carried out by experts, begin during childhood and should contain information about the importance of a healthy dietary pattern, the avoidance of adult weight gain, physical activity, and the renunciation of alcohol and tobacco".

These propose suggested, women who change from the Western diet pattern and unhealthy lifestyle to a healthy diet pattern and lifestyle are associated with substantially reduced risk of breast cancer, compared to those do not.

Cruciferous vegetables are the group of vegetables belonging to the family Brassicaceae, including cauliflower, cabbage, cress, bok choy, broccoli etc.

Its chemical constituents include glucosinolates, dithiolthiones, indoles, glucoraphanin, s-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, etc.

In the study to examine the anti-breast cancer effect of the organic isothiocyanates (ITCs), the dietary components present in cruciferous vegetables in human breast cancer MCF-7 and and human mammary epithelium MCF-12A cell lines, as well as in a second human epithelial cell line, human kidney HK-2 cells, researchers at the University at Buffalo found that
* Benzyls isothiocyanate (BITC), beta-phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), the derivative components of ITC can inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells as well as human mammary epithelial cells at concentrations similar to those of the chemotherapeutic drug DNM.

* Sulforaphane and 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate (NITC) exert the cytotoxicity effect against MCF-7 and human mammary epithelium MCF-12A at higher IC50 values compared to BEITC and BITC.

* The effect of these ITCs on cell growth may contribute to the cancer chemopreventive properties of ITCs by suppressing the growth of preclinical tumors.

Furthermore, in the assessment of Cruciferous vegetables' isothiocyanates (ITCs) in the risk of breast cancer, researchers at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute launched an investigation to evaluate the associations between consumption of cruciferous vegetables, sources of ITCs, and breast cancer risk, and potential modification of relations by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes.

Participants in the study include cases of 740 Caucasian women with incident breast cancer identified from all major hospitals in Erie and Niagara counties and 810 controls matched to cases by age and county.

Consumption of cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli, was marginally inversely associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women.

Associations were weaker or null among postmenopausal women. No significant effects of GST genotype on risk were observed in either menopausal group.

The finding suggested, cruciferous vegetables intake regularly and daily may play an important role in decreasing the risk of premenopausal breast cancer.

Interestingly, in the study of cruciferous vegetable intake and the GSTP1 Ile(105)Val genetic polymorphism on breast cancer risk, including 3035 cases and 3037 population controls who were participating in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study and for whom diet and genetic data were complete (87% of cases and 85% of controls), researchers found that 

* Cruciferous vegetable intake consistent with high isothiocyanate exposure may reduce breast cancer risk. 

* Cruciferous vegetable intake also may ameliorate the effects of the GSTP1 genotype in contribution to the risk of breast cancer.

Taken altogether, regular and daily intake of cruciferous vegetables is associated with the decreasing risk of breast cancer, particularly, in women with GSTP1 genotype.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.


References
(1) Dietary organic isothiocyanates are cytotoxic in human breast cancerMCF-7 and mammary epithelial MCF-12A cell lines by Tseng E, Scott-Ramsay EA, Morris ME. (PubMed)
(2) Breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is inversely associated with consumption of broccoli, a source of isothiocyanates, but is not modified by GST genotype by Ambrosone CB, McCann SE, Freudenheim JL, Marshall JR, Zhang Y, Shields PG. (PubMed)
(3) Cruciferous vegetables, the GSTP1 Ile105Val genetic polymorphism, and breast cancer risk by Lee SA, Fowke JH, Lu W, Ye C, Zheng Y, Cai Q, Gu K, Gao YT, Shu XO, Zheng W.(PubMed)
(4) Higher diet-dependent acid load is associated with risk of breast cancer: Findings from the Sister Study by Park YM1, Steck SE2,3, Fung TT4,5, Merchant AT3, Hodgson ME6, Keller JA7, Sandler DP1. (PubMed)

Herbal Andrographis, the Natural Liver Protective Functional Remedy, Studies Found

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Scientists may have found a herbal medicine which processes strong liver protective effects, some studies suggested.

The hepatoprotective effect is the action of prevention of the liver against liver damage or toxicity. 

There is no single cause of liver diseases. Researchers suggested that virus such as hepatitis A, B, C, long-term excessive alcohol drinking and genetic mutation inherited from the parents is the major risk factors associated with the early onset of the diseases.

Some researchers suggested overweight and obesity and congenital diseases such as Hemochromatosis and Wilson’s disease also are the prevalent risk factors of liver damage and diseases.

Liver damage and disease can also be caused by long-term intake of certain medications, such as paracetamol and Illegal drugs such as cocaine.

In the article on liver diseases, the 24 health also include autoimmune diseases that cause inflammation to the liver.

Sadly, according to the statistic, the mortality rate infected by viral hepatitis have increased by 63% from 890,000 in 1990 to 1.45 million in 2013, according to a review of data collected in 183 countries.

Symptoms of liver diseases include persistent jaundice and gastrointestinal discomforts, abdominal pain, and swelling, leg and ankles swelling, itching, and pale color of stool.

Please check with your doctor to rule out the liver disease and damage possibility, if you are experiencing some of the above symptoms.

Andrographis paniculata is also known as Andrographis is a herbaceous plant, genus Andrographis, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka.

The herb has been used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic in treating the common cold, flu, upper respiratory infections, infectious diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, pneumonia, swollen lymph nodes, leprosy, bronchitis, sore throats, tuberculosis, chicken pox, etc.

The Ingredients
Besides the main ingredient andrographolides, giving the plant a bitter taste, other ingredients include diterpene lactones, such as neoandrographolide, andrographiside, 14-doexy-11, 12-didehydro andrographolide, etc., flavonoids viz., oroxylin, wogonin, andrographidines A, B, C, D, E, F.

As of today, despite enormous advances in modern medicine, conventional medicine can only focus to reduce symptoms of liver diseases. There is no completely effective medicine that can stimulate hepatic function, or offer complete protection of the organ, or help to regenerate hepatic cells.

In the finding of a natural hepatoprotective agent which can help to relieve the pressure of conventional medicine in patients with liver damage or diseases, researchers at the Vinayaka Missions University conducted a study to evaluate the liver protective activity of herbal Andrographis in liver injury in rats.

After subcutaneous injection of 50% v/v carbon tetrachloride in liquid paraffin at a dose of 3 mL/kg on alternate days for a period of 4 weeks to induce chronic liver damage, the Male Wistar rats were treated with methanol and aqueous extracts of herbal Andrographis orally at a dose of 845 mg/kg/day.

At the end of the experiment, researchers found that

* Herbal Andrographis extracts demonstrate a clinically significant activity in comparison to a standard drug.

* Hepatic steatosis, hydropic degeneration and necrosis caused by the injection of the carbon tetrachloride were completely disappeared in the standard and extract treated groups.

Further analysis also discovered, herbal Andrographis extracts exhibited hepatoprotective action against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.

Dr. Sangameswaran B, the lead author at the final report wrote, "The present investigation established pharmacological evidence to support the folklore claim that it is used traditionally as a hepatoprotective agent".

Additional investigation of the liver protective effect of Andrographolide (AN), a major bioactive compound isolated from herbal Andrographis, researchers at the Dr. Hari Singh Gour Central University, formulate AN herbosomes (ANH) through complexation with naturally occurring soya-phosphatidylcholine (SPC) for enhancing absorption with carbon tetrachloride inducing hepatotoxicity rat model and compared.

The ANH showed significantly liver protective effect comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin).

Application of ANH in an animal model has better bioavailability than those of AN observed by the statistics in vitro absorption and hence improved hepatoprotection as compared to plain AN at an equivalent dose.

Taken all together, herbal Andrographis and its bioactive ingredient Andrographolide (AN)may be considered an adjunct therapy in aiding the conventional medicine in providing the extra protection of the liver and treatment of liver damage and diseases.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Hepatoprotective effect of poly herbal formulation against various hepatotoxic agents in rats.
Tatiya AU, Surana SJ, Sutar MP, Gamit NH. (PubMed)
(2) Hepatoprotective effect of leaf extracts of Andrographis lineata nees on liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride in rats. by Sangameswaran B, Reddy TC, Jayakar B.(PubMed)
(3) Enhancement of absorption and hepatoprotective potential through soya-phosphatidylcholine-andrographolide vesicular system. by Jain PK, Khurana N, Pounikar Y, Gajbhiye A, Kharya MD. (PubMed)

Herbal Cat's claw, The Anti Cancers Chemotherapeutic Remedy

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Cat's claw found in the tropical jungles of South and Central America may have a potential effect in reducing the risk and treatment of the early onset of irregular cell growth, some scientists suggested.

Cancers are a class of chronic diseases associated with cell growth in the tissue and organs. At the advanced stage, malignant cells can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy cells and tissues.

There are many types of cancer, depending on the location where cancer begins.

As of today, researchers do not know what are the exact cause of cancers. however many researchers believe, exposure to the environmental toxins, genetic mutation, and an unhealthy diet and lifestyle are the most common risk factors associated with the onset of the diseases.

Genetic mutation od BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and alternation of gene PTEN.that suppress the growth of tumors also increase the risk of cancers.
Dr. N Parsa in the study "Environmental Factors Inducing Human Cancers" wrote, "(Environment toxins cause) genetic mutations that would eventually alter the normal pathway of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Genetic mutations in four groups of genes; (Oncogenes, Tumor suppressor genes, Apoptosis genes, and DNA repair genes) play a vital role in altering the normal cell division" and " Inhibition of carcinogenic exposures wherever possible should be the goal of cancer prevention programs to reduce exposures from all environmental carcinogens".

The statement illustrated that environmentally induced genetic alternation at the cellular levels can initiate the early onset of cancer.

According to the World Cancer Research Fund UK What you eat can have a big impact on your risk of developing cancer. eating too much fat and sugar and less of fruits and vegetables are the most prevalent risk factors of cancers.

Truly, "Cancer is a Preventable Disease that Requires Major Lifestyle Changes", Dr. Preetha Anand, the lead scientist in the medical literature said, "Only 5–10% of all cancer cases can be attributed to genetic defects, whereas the remaining 90–95% have their roots in the environment and lifestyle" and "cancer prevention requires smoking cessation, increased ingestion of fruits and vegetables, moderate use of alcohol, caloric restriction, exercise, avoidance of direct exposure to sunlight, minimal meat consumption, use of whole grains, use of vaccinations, and regular check-ups".
Cat's claw found in in the tropical jungles of South and Central America, is a genus Uncaria, belonging to the family Rubiaceae.

The herb has been used in traditional medicine over two thousand years as a tonic, contraceptive, anti-inflammatory, and infectious agent, and to treat diarrhea, rheumatic disorders, acne, diabetes, cancer and diseases of the urinary tract, etc..

The Chemical Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cat's claw include ajmalicine, akuammigine, campesterol, catechin, carboxyl alkyl esters, chlorogenic acid, cinchona, corynantheine, corynoxeine, daucosterol, epicatechin, harman, hirsuteine, hirsutine, iso-pteropodine.


In the study of anti-cancer effect of the preparation Cat's claw in several cancer cell lines to determine the IC (50) values with different quantitative and qualitative oxindole alkaloid composition: B/W(37) --bark extracted in water at 37 °C, B/W(b)--bark extracted in boiling water, B/50E(37) --bark extracted in 50% ethanol at 37 °C, B/E(b)--bark extracted in boiling 96% ethanol, B/96E(37) --bark extracted in 96% ethanol at 37 °C and B/SRT--bark extracted in water and dichloromethane researchers found that

* A high correlation between the total oxindole alkaloid content (from 0.43% to 50.40% d.m.) and the antiproliferative activity of the preparations (IC(50) from >1000 μg/ml to 23.57 μg/ml).

* B/96E(37) and B/SRT were the most cytotoxic preparations

* B/96E(37) are most active against Lewis lung carcinoma (LL/2) [IC(50) =25.06 μg/ml], cervical carcinoma (KB) [IC(50) =35.69 μg/ml] and colon adenocarcinoma (SW707) [IC(50) =49.06 μg/ml].

* B/SRT was especially effective in inhibiting proliferation of cervical carcinoma (KB) [IC(50) =23.57 μg/ml], breastcarcinoma (MCF-7) [IC(50) =29.86 μg/ml] and lung carcinoma (A-549) [IC(50) =40.03 μg/ml].

* In animal studies on mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma showed significant inhibition of tumor growth by B/W(37) administered for 21 days at daily doses of 5 and 0.5 mg (p=0.0009).

* There are no adverse effects in all preparations.

The results suggested that Cat's claw is effective against cancer through its cytotoxicity, however, the cancer cells inhibition are totally depending on the dose of concentrations.

Furthermore, in the study to reaffirm the traditional use of the preparations from Uncaria tomentosa, a South American Rubiaceae, for the treatment of infective, inflammatory and tumoral processes, researchers launched an investigation to test whether the pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid mitraphylline isolated from the dried inner bark of this plant species has a similar anticancer effect in human Ewing's sarcoma MHH-ES-1 and breast cancer MT-3 cell lines.

Administration at the IC (50) +/- SE values of17.15 +/- 0.82 microM for MHH-ES-1 and 11.80 +/- 1.03 microM for MT-3 for 30 hours exerted a clinically significant inhibition of the human sarcoma and breast cancer cell line in a dose-dependent manner.

The finding suggested that Cat's claw may have a chemotherapeutic effect in the prevention and treatment of cancer without inducing any adverse effects.

However, due to the limitation of the above studies, additional data collection large example size and multi-centers studies performed with human consumption of the preparations during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of Cat's claw anti-cancers possibilities.


Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Topical plant database (Rain tree)
(2) Anticancer activity of the Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. preparations with different oxindole alkaloid composition by Pilarski R, Filip B, Wietrzyk J, Kuraś M, Gulewicz K.(PubMed)
(3) Cytotoxic effect of the pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid mitraphylline isolated from Uncaria tomentosa bark on human Ewing's sarcoma and breast cancer cell lines, by García Giménez D, García Prado E, Sáenz Rodríguez T, Fernández Arche A, De la Puerta R.(PubMed)
(4) Environmental Factors Inducing Human Cancers by N Parsa. (PMC)
(5) Cancer is a Preventable Disease that Requires Major Lifestyle Changes by Preetha Anand, Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakara, Chitra Sundaram, Kuzhuvelil B. Harikumar,Sheeja T. Tharakan, Oiki S. Lai, Bokyung Sung, and Bharat B. Aggarwal. (PMC)

Emodin, the Bioactive Ingredient of Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) which Protects Our Body Against the Onset of Metabolic Syndrome

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Emodin, a major bioactive compound found in herbal Cascara Sagrada may be considered an adjunct therapy in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, some scientists suggested.

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the increased risk of diabetes, heart disease and stroke, including high blood pressure and sugar, excess body weight and obesity, abnormally high levels of blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels.

Researchers do not know the exact causes of metabolic syndrome. However, they do know that ethnicity and family history and mutation of genes which causes insulin resistance inherited from the parents are the numbers of risk factor associated with the early onset of the condition.

Certain medical conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and gallstone disease, nonalcoholic fatty livers are also the prevalent risk factors for the development of metabolic syndrome.

It is misleading that metabolic syndrome can only cause heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, people with metabolic syndrome are also associated with an increased risk of excessive blood clotting and persistent low-grade inflammation throughout the body.

Treatment of metabolic syndrome should be followed closely to the underlining risk factors of abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, and atherogenic/diabetogenic diet and drug therapy for specific metabolic risk factors should be considered for those at high or moderately high 10-year absolute risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, according to the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute slightly modifies and clarifies the diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome.

Medication used to reduce the level of progression of metabolic syndrome-related disorders including thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors may be effective, however, they can induce serious side effects such as edema, weight gain, macular edema, and heart failure.

Some patients who take the medicine may also experience side effects of hypoglycemia, decrease hematocrit and hemoglobin levels and increased bone fracture risk.

Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America.

Cascara sagrada bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc., effect.

The chemical ingredients
Besides the main compound of anthraquinones, other compounds include anthraquinone glycosides, (emodin, frangulin, iso-emodin, aloe-emodin, and chrysophanol), rhein, aloin, malic acid, tannic acid, cascarosides A, B, C, and D, hydroxy anthracene derivatives (HAD).

In the concerns of the side effects of conventional medicine used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, researchers at the Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica launched an investigation of the effect of emodin, a natural product and active ingredient of various Chinese herbs including Cascara Sagrada in metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.

Emodin exerted a significant effect as a potent and selective 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor against insulin resistance and with the IC(50) of 186 and 86 nM for human and mouse 11beta-HSD1, respectively

11β-HSD1, a family of enzymes which have been found to associate with the risk of insulin resistance.

Furthermore, single oral administration of emodin inhibited 11beta-HSD1 activity of liver and fat significantly in mice without reversing the prednisone and dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance.

In DIO mice, oral administration of emodin improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism and lowered blood glucose and hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is associated with the control of hepatic glucose output.

Glucose-6-phosphatase mRNA is increased to some extents in kidney and liver of diabetic rats.

The findings suggested the potential value of analogs of emodin for the treatment of metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes.

Moreover, researchers at the extended study of the effect emodin in metabolic syndrome mice associated with 11beta-HSD1 activity also discovered that emodin inhibited the 11β-HSD1 activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in concentration- and time-dependent manners (the IC₅₀ values of 7.237 and 4.204 μmol/L, respectively, after 1 and 24 h treatment, through suppressing the 11-dehydrocorticosterone-in the generation of corticosterone without affecting corticosterone-induced adipogenesis in normal tissues..

3T3-L1 adipocytes are used as cell culture model of insulin resistance

-

Adipogenesis is the process of cell differentiation from pre-adipocytes to adipocytes.

Moreover, emodin (3 μmol/L) partly reversed the impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and adiponectin secretion induced by 11-dehydrocorticosterone but not those induced by corticosterone.

In ob/ob mice, long-term emodin administration decreased 11β-HSD1 activity in mesenteric adipose tissues, lowered non-fasting and fasting blood glucose levels, and improved glucose tolerance.

Dr. Wang YJ, the lead scientist, after taking into account co and confounders, wrote, "Emodin improves the inactive glucocorticoid-induced adipose tissue dysfunction by selective inhibition on 11β-HSD1 in adipocyte in vitro and improves glycemic control in ob/ob mice".

Taken altogether, Cascara Sagrada bioactive compound emodin may be considered an adjunct supplement used alone for the prevention or combined with other conventional medicine for the treatment of metabolic syndrome without inducing adverse effects.

However, due to the limitation of the above studies, additional data collection large example size and multi-centers studies performed with human consumption of the whole food or its bioactive compound emodin during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of Cascara sagrada anti-metabolic syndrome possibilities.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1). "Emodin, a natural product, selectively inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced obese mice" by Feng Y, Huang SL, Dou W, Zhang S, Chen JH, Shen Y, Shen JH, Leng Y. (PubMed)
(2). Emodin, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor, regulates adipocyte function in vitro and exerts the anti-diabetic effect in ob/ob mice. by Wang YJ, Huang SL, Feng Y, Ning MM, Leng Y. (PubMed)

Green Tea GTE and EGCG, The Natural Anti Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Supplements

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of  Nutrition

Scientists may have found a beverage's extract and bioactive compound for the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), some studies suggested.

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a medical disorder which cannot be explained by an underlying medical condition, characterized by persistently extreme fatigue that never goes away regardless of treatment.for at least 6 months.

The exact causes of chronic fatigue syndrome are unknown. However, some researchers suggested that the conditions are the results of viral infection and chronic stress syndrome.

The University of South Florida (USF Health) in the article "Chronic fatigue syndrome: Inherited virus can cause cognitive dysfunction and fatigue" wrote, "Medveczky's team discovered that untreated CIHHV-6 patients with CFS showed signs that the HHV-6 virus was actively replicating: determined by the presence of HHV-6 messenger RNA (mRNA), a substance produced only when the virus is active".

In the psychological aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome, Dr. Takakazu Oka at the International University of Health and Welfare wrote,  " psychological stress is involved in the CFS onset, exacerbation, and/or relapse, while early life stress acts as a risk factor toward the development of CFS in later life" and "CFS patients may have disrupted stress systems, including HPA axis hypofunction and ANS alterations characterized by sympathetic overactivity and low vagal tone. Individuals with CFS respond to psychological stress". 

Some researchers also found that elimination diets, dietary restriction and the addition of nutritional supplements to habitual diet may have a beneficial effect in reducing fatigue.


The randomized control trials, including pilot studies, compared a form of nutritional supplement with a placebo control suggested, treatment of a combination of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) exerts a significant reduction of fatigue after 8 weeks, compared to placebo.

Green tea is a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.

In the concerns of the oxidative stress in the exhibited CFS, researchers at the Panjab University launched an investigation to examine the protective effect of green tea extract (GTE) and catechin in the mouse model of CFS.

CFS animals used in the study forced swimming test session of 6 minutes every day for 7 days demonstrated a significant increase in immobility time on successive days.

Treatment with GTE (25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and catechin (50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days reversed the dysfunction of immobility.

Furthermore, the protection of green tea extract was correlated with the lowered levels of lipid peroxidation and restoration of reduced glutathione levels in the brains of fatigued mice.

These results suggested that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of CFS.

Dr. Singal A, the lead scientist said, "GTE and catechin could be used as potential agents in the management of CFS and warrant the inclusion of GTE and catechin in the treatment regimen of CFS patients".

Moreover, in the evaluate pathogenesis of chronic fatigue syndrome involved increased oxido-nitrosative stress along with the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, in chronic fatigue rats induced by a plunge of a load of 10 ± 2% body weight and forced swim inside a rectangular jar daily for 28 days, researchers found that 

* Before application of EGCG, chronic fatigue rats exhibited significant behavioral alterations along with enhanced oxido-nitrosative stress and serum TNF-α level, compared to the naive group.

* Chronic treatment with EGCG restored all the behavioral and biochemical alterations associated with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Additionally, in the study of chronic fatigue induced in mice by subjecting them to forced swim inside a rectangular jar of specific dimensions for 6 min. daily for 15 days, researchers found that Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) administered daily 30 min. before forced swim session
* Increased oxidative-nitrosative stress and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in the brain of mice before green tea administration compared with the naive group.

* These behavioral and biochemical alterations were restored after chronic treatment with EGCG.

Taken altogether, green tea extract (GTE) and its bioactive chemicals  EGCG may have the therapeutic effect in reducing the risk and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Green tea extract and catechin ameliorate chronic fatigue-induced oxidative stress in mice by Singal A1, Kaur S, Tirkey N, Chopra K.(PubMed)
(2) Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates behavioral and biochemical deficits in rat model of load-induced chronic fatigue syndrome by Sachdeva AK1, Kuhad A, Chopra K.(PubMed)
(3) Protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate in murine water-immersion stress model of chronic fatigue syndrome by Sachdeva AK1, Kuhad A, Tiwari V, Arora V, Chopra K.(PubMed)
(4) Chronic fatigue syndrome: Inherited virus can cause cognitive dysfunction and fatigue Date: July 26, 2013 Source: University of South Florida (USF Health)
(5) Influence of Psychological Stress on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Takakazu Oka

Green Tea (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), The Potential Lewy Body Disease Inhibitor, Scientists Discover

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Green tea may have potential effect in the regulation of Lewy bodies against the onset of Lewy body disease, some scientists suggested.

Lewy body disease is one of a common form of neurodegenerative diseases occurring in the elderly characterized by mutation of the Lewy bodies as a result of the abnormal structure of Lewy bodies, building up in areas of the brain.

Lewy bodies, mainly composed of α-synuclein (αS), are pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.

People with building up of Lewy body in most cases also have Alzheimer's disease, causing reduced mental ability, including symptoms of visual hallucinations, and changes in alertness and attention. 

Some patients with the condition are also experiencing symptoms of rigid muscles, slow movement, and tremors, the hallmarks of the Parkinson's disease.

Researchers do not know why the elderly with the same health conditions and family history, some are susceptible to the early onset of the disease while others do not. However, they do know that certain risk factors such as old age, family history, and male gender are associated with the onset of Lewy body disease.

Some researchers also believe due to the severity of brain damage, patients with the condition also express certain mental instability including aggressive behavior, depression and worsening of parkinsonian-like symptoms.

Genetic alternation such as SNCA or SNCB gene mutations is also found in patients with the disease.

According to the My Virtual Medical Center, Lewy bodies is the third most frequent cause of dementia in older adults and accounts for 15–35% of all dementias

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world.

In the study of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration in rodents and nonhuman primates with the increased presence of iron and alpha-synuclein in the SNpc, researchers found that application of green tea catechin polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate exerts a significant effect as an iron chelators in protecting the brain against neurotoxins by inhibiting the increased presence of iron and alpha-synuclein in the SNpc.

Pretreatment of green tea on N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)- and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurodegeneration in rodents was also found to demonstrate the high levels of antioxidant activity in preventing the accumulation of iron and alpha-synuclein in SNpc.

Dr. Mandel S, the lead author suggested that a combination of iron chelation and antioxidant therapy might be a significant approach to neuroprotection in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases, including Lewy body disease.

Furthermore, in the concerns of the primary α-synucleinopathgenic expression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, researchers at the Lanzhou University, launched an investigation to examine whether green tea (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) can inhibit the fibrillation of αS.

After taking into account co and confounders, researchers showed that
* EGCG displays a potential effect in remodeling the αS fibrils and breaking the initially ordered pattern by reducing the β-sheet content.

* EGCG can also break the Greek conformation of αS by the disappeared H-bond in the secondary structure of turn.

Dr. Liu X, the lead author at the end of the study said, "The results from our study can not only reveal the specific interaction between EGCG and β-sheet-rich fibrils of αS, but also provide useful guidance for the discovery of other potential inhibitors".

In other words, green tea EGCG may be considered a primary target for extracting the pharmaceutical inhibitor for the treatment of  Lewy body disease. 

Moreover, in the differentiation of the EGCG effect in patients with Lewy body disease, researchers at the Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science conducted an evaluation to examine
EGCG effect on the transient 'active' oligomers (AOs),

At the final report, researchers found that
* EGCG facilitates the fibril formation and thus eliminating the toxic AOs.

* Also, EGCG suppresses the membrane disrupting radiating amyloid fibril formation on the surface of liposomal membranes, thus protecting the cells against the initiation of AOs.

Dr. Yang JE , the lead wrote in the summary," EGCG has been suggested to exhibit its protective effect against the αS-mediated cytotoxicity by not only producing the off-pathway 'compact' oligomers but also facilitating the conversion of 'active' oligomers into amyloid fibrils".

Taken altogether, green tea and its bioactive compound EGCG may have a potential effect in treating Lewy body disease by preventing the overexpression of α-synuclein (αS) accumulation in the brain by either inhibiting the oligomers or converting the oligomers into amyloid fibrils.

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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Iron and alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra of MPTP-treated mice: effect of neuroprotective drugs R-apomorphine and green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate by Mandel S1, Maor G, Youdim MB. (PubMed)
(2) EGCG-mediated Protection of the Membrane Disruption and Cytotoxicity Caused by the 'Active Oligomer' of α-Synuclein by Yang JE1, Rhoo KY2, Lee S1, Lee JT1, Park JH1, Bhak G1, Paik SR(PubMed)
(3) Influence of EGCG on α-synuclein (αS) aggregation and identification of their possible binding mode: A computational study using molecular dynamics simulation by Liu X1, Zhou S1,2, Shi D1, Bai Q1, Liu H2, Yao X1.(PubMed)
(4) Alpha-synuclein biology in Lewy body diseases by Woojin Scott Kim,  Katarina Kågedal and Glenda Halliday (Research Gate)

Herbal Aloe Vera, The Potent and Effective Adjunct Therapy for Treatment of Type II Diabetes, Scientist Find

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

Scientists may have found a natural whole food for treatment of type II diabetes without inducing any side effects, some studies suggested,

Type II diabetes is a chronic acquired medical condition characterized by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose.

The disease is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.

In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

The exact cause of type II diabetes is unknown. However, some researchers suggested that the condition is most likely caused by genetic mutation and an unhealthy lifestyle.

Other risk factors associated with the early onset of type II diabetes include overweight or obese, age 45 or older, family history, ethnicity, Alaska Native, high blood pressure and cholesterol and women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Dr. Waqas Sami, the lead author in the study "Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review" wrote. "Dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle are the major factors for rapidly rising incidence of DM among developing countries. In type 2 diabetics, recently, the elevated HbA1c level has also been considered as one of the leading risk factors for developing microvascular and macrovascular complications" and "Improvement in the elevated HbA1c level can be achieved through diet management; thus, the patients could be prevented from developing the diabetes complications. Awareness about diabetes complications and consequent improvement in dietary knowledge, attitude, and practices lead to better control of the disease".

These results suggested changes in diet and lifestyle are the most effective method in the management of type II diabetes.

Medication including Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) Glucagonlike peptide–1 (GLP-1) agonists. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors used for the treatment of type II diabetes may be effective, however, they are to know to induce serious side effects such as low blood sugar, upset stomach, skin rash or itching, weight gain. kidney complications, upset stomach, tiredness or dizziness,... and metal taste.

If you are currently taking one of the above medicine, please make sure that you discuss the side effects with your doctor and know how to deal with them.

Aloe Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan.

The herbal medicine has become very popular for commercial cultivation due to its health benefits. Aloe vera has been used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes, and elevated of cholesterol, etc..

The Chemical ingredients
The ten main areas of chemical constituents of Aloe vera include amino acids, anthraquinones, enzymes, minerals, vitamins, lignins, monosaccharide, polysaccharides, salicylic acid, saponins, and sterols.

In the study to examine the clinical effectiveness of aloe vera, a popular herbal remedy in the United Kingdom for the treatment of type II diabetes, researchers at the University of Exeter, launched a review by researching the database of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, and the Cochrane Library.

Only controlled clinical trials (on any indication) were included in the study.

There were no restrictions on the language of publication. All trials were read and data were extracted in a standardized, pre-defined manner.

After differentiating the 10 selected studies, researchers found that oral administration of aloe vera might be a useful adjunct for lowering blood glucose in diabetic patients as well as for reducing blood lipid levels in patients with hyperlipidemia.

However, the topical application of aloe vera was not an effective preventative for radiation-induced injuries.

Furthermore, Dr. Okyar A and colleagues, in clarifying the controversy over the past 15 years on the hypoglycemic activity of Aloe species, launched an investigation with separate experiments on three main groups of rats, namely, non-diabetic (ND), type I (IDDM) and type II (NIDDM) diabetic rats.

At the end of the experiment, researchers found that

* Application of Aloe vera A. vera leaf pulp and gel extracts were ineffective on lowering the blood sugar level of ND rats.

* A. vera leaf pulp extract showed hypoglycemic activity on IDDM and NIDDM rats, the effect being enhanced for type II diabetes in comparison with glibenclamide.

* On the contrary, A. vera leaf gel extract showed hyperglycaemic activity on NIDDM rats.

These results suggested, pulps of Aloe vera leaves devoid of the gel could be useful in the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Taken all together Aloe Vera may be considered an adjunct therapy for treatment in patients non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes.

However, due to the limitation of the above studies, additional data collection large example size and multi-centers studies performed with human consumption of the whole food Aloe vera during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of Aloe vera anti-diabetes possibilities.

Natural Medicine for Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal - The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve Optimal Health And Lose Weight

How To Get Rid Of Eye Floaters
Contrary To Professionals Prediction, Floaters Can Be Cured Naturally

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Kyle J. Norton Homepage http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Aloe vera: a systematic review of its clinical effectiveness. by Vogler BK, Ernst E.(PubMed)
(2) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of processed Aloe vera gel in a mouse model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. by Kim K, Kim H, Kwon J, Lee S, Kong H, Im SA, Lee YH, Lee YR, Oh ST, Jo TH, Park YI, Lee CK, Kim K.(PubMed)
(3) Effect of Aloe vera leaves on blood glucose level in type I and type II diabetic rat models.
Okyar A, Can A, Akev N, Baktir G, Sütlüpinar N.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of diet on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review by Waqas Sami,1,2 Tahir Ansari,3 Nadeem Shafique Butt,4 and Mohd Rashid Ab Hamid. (PubMed)