Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Saturday, 13 January 2018

Lentil (Other Sources) Lectins as Biomarkers and Treatment of Kidney Cancer

Kyle J. Norton

Lentil, a type of pulse and tiny legume that can be cooked quickly and rich in protein and fiber is a bushy annual plant of genus Lens to the Fabaceae family, native to Middle East.

Lentils' (plant sources') lectin may be considered as biomarkers for detection of the stage of varies types of cancer and treatment of renal cancer, some scientists suggested.

Renal or kidney cancer is serious medical condition characterized by cell growth disorderly in the tissues of the kidney. At the late stage, the cancerous cells can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other tissues and organs.

According to the investigation of plant lectin effect in risk of cancers, by resisting digestion, lectins after intake maintained full biological activity in binding to the cancer cell remembrances or. and receptors to induce cytotoxicity, thus reducing cancer cell proliferation and inhibiting tumor growth.

Further analysis also indicated that lectins can also incorporate into cancer cell as an antigen to cause agglutination and/or aggregation in induction of cytolysis and inhibited expression of polyamines, small organic cations that are essential for cancer cells to growth.

Moreover, plant lectin altered the production of various interleukins that are essential importance for the function of both innate and adaptive immunity by activated certain protein kinases in regulating signal transduction pathways which are important for both innate and adaptive immunity in control tumor progression.

Additionally, lectins can also bind to cancer cell mutated ribosomes, a cell structure that makes protein and inhibit protein synthesis, thus disrupting the critical cellular processes necessary for sustained cancer cell growth and modified the cancer cell phase 1 division and exhibited G2/M phase cell cycle arrest.

Interestingly, injection of lectins also inhibited telomerase expression in cancer cell activity in maintaining tumor progression and angiogenesis in stimulated production of new blood vessel to provide nutrients and oxygen to cancer cells proliferation and tumor expansion.

In clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), Galectin-9 (Gal-9), an animal lectin injection exerted a significant effect in inhibited cancer cell proliferation through binding to β-galactoside which is important to provide energy to tumor survival.

Further investigation of the expression of Gal-9 in a total of in 196 patients with ccRCC who underwent nephrectomy, with 48/196 patients died and 61/196 patients suffered recurrence to assess the prognostic value of Gal-9, suggested that Gal-9 expression not only associates positively with tumor size, but also induces a direct impact in the relative survival ratio, used to predict overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients.

Indeed, high levels of Gal-9 was found to associate correlately to poor survival and early recurrence and the expression of lectin also can be considered as a biomaker in diagnosed clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in early stage and lower of grade of tumor, node, and metastasis in patients who are at higher risk of the kidney cancer developing.

The finding evidences suggested that lectins from all sources may be considered as a therapeutic substances and biomarkers for treatment and monitoring the progression of kidney cancer which can be helpful in making medical decision in prescribing chemo-drugs..

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Lectin reactivity of alpha-fetoprotein in a case of renal cell carcinoma by Taketa K1, Ichikawa E, Sakuda H, Iwamasa T, Hayakawa M, Taga H, Hirai H.(PubMed)
(2) Lectins as bioactive plant proteins: a potential in cancer treatment by De Mejía EG1, Prisecaru VI.(PubMed)
(3) Galectin-9 predicts postoperative recurrence and survival of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma by Fu H1, Liu Y, Xu L, Liu W, Fu Q, Liu H, Zhang W, Xu J.(PubMed)

Herbal Therapy: Green Tea in Modulated Gastrointestinal Phases of Digestion

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in enhanced gastrointestinal function in food absorption, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

According to the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, native catechins found in green tea were not absorbed by digestive system after intake. The polyphenol were accumulate in the intestinal lumen inside space of a tubular structure where they exhibited a significant activity in ameliorated cellular glucose and cholesterol uptake, thus reducing risk in over expression of fasting glucose and lipid accumulation entering the blood stream in induction of syndromes of abnormal high blood sugar and cholesterol.

The pervaded catechins found approximately, 2-15% in the intestinal levels significantly binded to 37% to plasma HDLs through inhibiting the key enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis and reduced intestinal lipid absorption, thus improving blood lipid profile.action of cholesterol metabolism.

Further analysis of the unstable condition of polyphenols in intestinal environment, also found that transition from the gastric phase to the intestinal phase of green tea extract show a 50% decrease in the antioxidant activity due to the degradation of polyphenols but the deceased extract still exert a strong effect in gastrointestinal environment.

However, intake of whole food milk and cheese in the definition of dairy matrices displayed a significant improvement of polyphenol stability in the intestinal phase and increase of the antioxidant activity by 29% (cheese) to 42% (milk) in compared to non green tea injection control.

Additionally, administration of green tea also demonstrated a strong activity in decreased expression of stomach secretes pepsinogen, in breaking down milk and cheese protein and fat intake in degraded into their component polypeptide or amino acid and glycerol and fatty acids, respectively in the gastric phase but had no effect in the intestinal phase, thus reducing glucose and fat being absorbed and presented in the blood stream.

The finding evidences showed that green tea polyphenols intake together with dairy products improved antioxidant activity and enhanced the integrity of polyphenols during digestion.

Interestingly, in the evaluated rats fed with selenium-containing green tea (Se-GTE, 1.44 mg selenium/kg dry leaves) and China green tea(CH-GTE, 0.13 mg selenium/kg leaves) and China green tea(CH-GTE) effect in the intestinal micro bacterial activity researchers indicated that oral administration of rat group fed with Se-GTE extract for 6 days exerted a significant increase in caecal counts of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria while significantly reducing the caecal counts of bacteroides and clostridial bacteria in compared to CH-GTE rat group in slight but not significant increase in the numbers of caecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria but decreased significantly the numbers of bacteroides (p < 0.05) and clostridia.

Moreover, rats fed with CH-GTE and Se-GTE showed a 17.2% and 21.3% reduction in the activity of the bacterial enzyme β-glucuronidase, which has been found in contribution of biliary sludge and stone formation and increased risk for colorectal cancer, respectively.

More promisingly, teatment of both CH-GTE and Se-GTE also resulted in 19% and 25.5% increments in the activity of β-glucosidase in reduced beta-D-glucosides and oligosaccharides in released glucose, respectively

Taken together, green tea with abundantly major bioactive polyphenols may be considered a function food in improved gastrointestinal function but reduced absorption of glucose and lipid in induction of abnormal high fasting blood sugar and cholesterol levels through binding to fat and protein in the gastric phase of digestion.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

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For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA For Women

Sources
(1) Interaction of green tea polyphenols with dairy matrices in a simulated gastrointestinal environment by Lamothe S1, Azimy N, Bazinet L, Couillard C, Britten M.(PubMed)
(2) Simulated gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal permeation and plasma protein interaction of white, green, and black tea polyphenols by Tenore GC1, Campiglia P2, Giannetti D3, Novellino E3.(PubMed)
(3) The ability of green tea to positively modulate key markers of gastrointestinalfunction in rats by Molan AL1, Liu Z, Tiwari R.(PubMed)

Friday, 12 January 2018

Herbal Therapy: Herbal Anise extract and Essential Oil in Reduced Risk and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Kyle J. Norton

Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, some scientists suggested.

Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....

Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is medical condition characterized by fat accumulated in the liver tissue other than excessive consumption of alcohol.

According to statistic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of most common cause of liver disease with a prevalence rate of 20%–30% in Western world.

In the comparison the effect of anise fruit essential oil and extract and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, researchers at the Islamic Azad University conducted a experiment of 60 rats randomly divided into ten groups, six in each group with NAFLD induced by using choline-deficient diet for 90 days and followed by 30 days of treatment with 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day of hydroethanolic extract (AE) as well as 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg/day of essential oil (AO) and found that both applications exerted a significantly reverse activities in increased AE and AO plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and triacylglycerol and decrease in high-density lipoprotein level caused by choline-deficient diet in dose-dependent manner.

Additional differentiation also found that AE and AO reduced the elevated levels of enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) which are considered as an indication of either liver injure or damage caused by the acute inflammation in the experiential subject model.

Observation of injection anise AE and AO also exerted a powerful antioxidant activity in significant lower over expression of ROS in exhibited free radical chain reaction in induction of oxidative stress to precipitated liver toxicity.

According to the histological findings, researchers concluded that both AE and AO display a substaintial effect in reduced macrovesicular steatohepatitis which is the leading cause of liver cancer.

Further analysis also addressed that both anise AE and AO demonstrated a strong effect in ameliorated lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress indicated by elevation of plasma level of 8-isoprostane which is correlated to the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Elevated 8-Isoprostane values activated by lipid peroxidation induced by injection of choline-deficient diet are also considered as a biomaker in patient with non alcoholic liver disease and correlated to with body mass index and with total cholesterol in NAFLD but did not significantly related to sex, age, biochemical data or iron metabolism markers in all liver diseases.

Therefore, people with high body mass index and high levels of total cholesterol levels are susceptible to increase risk of the diseases.

Taken together, herbal Anise with abundant of bioactive chemical constituents and essential oil may be effective for reduced risk and treatment of non alcoholic liver disease, but intake of herbal extract should only prescribed by related field specialist in prevention of toxicity.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Sources
(1) Pimpinella anisum L. fruit: Chemical composition and effect on rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by Asadollahpoor A1, Abdollahi M2, Rahimi R3,(PubMed)

Herbal Therapy: A Compilation of HOW Green Tea and Its Bioactive Epigallocatechin gallate EGCG in Reduced Risk and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)

Green tea containing bioactive polyphenols may have a strong implication in reduced risk and treatment of cardiovascular disease, some scientists postulated.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Cardiovascular disease are chronic medical condition characterized of narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack including chest pain (angina) or stroke.

According to statistic, heart disease is the second leading cause of death, claiming more than 48,000 lives every year.in Canada.

In the differentiation of green tea bioactive polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG in risk of cardiovascular disease researchers at the joint study lead by the Colorado State University found that application of EGCG activated the expression of the nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor in stimulated transcription of antioxidative genes in protection of cell against oxidative stress in induction of CVD.

In compared to statins, the conventional medicine may be effective in reduced heart attacks and strokes in people at moderate and high risk but it can also cause cancers and multi-drug resistance cancer, EGCG ameliorated risk of CVD without giving rise to adverse effects.

Further analysis of EGCG efficacy in risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome by searching literature published online of major scientific databases, from 1995 to 2017, scientists found that EGCG exhibits a wide range of therapeutic properties including associated with the inhibition of LDL cholesterol in reduced risk of plague accumulated in the arterial wall in elevated risk of atherosclerosis, attenuated angiotensin II (AngII) through inhibiting transcription factor NF-κB in induced abnormal enlargement, or thickening of the heart muscle, and reduced risk of highly oxidative enzyme myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity in promoted myocardial infarction, as level of myeloperoxidase(MPO) is considered as a biomaker used in assessment of risk of heart attack.

Additionally, EGCG also exerted significant and profound effects in ameliorated risk of diabetes through lowering plasma glucoses and gycated haemoglobin level, inhibited pro inflammatory factors in elevated inflammation in the early phase of acute infection and chronic infection as well as blocking expression of ROS in stimulated free radical chain reaction through its antioxidant activity.

Dr. Eng QY, after taking into account of other con founders, siad, "EGCG shows different biological activities and in this review, a compilation of how this bioactive molecule plays its role in treating cardiovascular and metabolic diseases".

Moreover, in a total of 9 studies including 259,267 individuals satisfied the criteria and guideline included in the meta-analysis.by examining published literature in evaluated the association between green tea consumption, CVD, and ischemic related diseases. up to October 2014, researchers indicated that for non green tea drinker, risk of CVD was 1.19, intracerebral hemorrhage was 1.24 and cerebral infarction was 1.15 in compared to people who drank <1 cup green tea per day.

Not surprisingly, people who drank 1-3 cups of green tea per day had a reduced risk of myocardial infarction 0.81, and stroke 0.64 in compared compared to those who drank <1 cup/day and who drank ≥4 cups/day had a reduced risk of myocardial infarction of 0.68 in compared to those who drank <1 cup/day.

And for people who consumed ≥10 cups/day of green tea were also shown to have lower LDL in compared to group who drank <3 cups/day.

Dr. Pang J, the lead author at the final stage of the experiment said, "(The) meta-analysis provides evidence that consumption of green tea is associated with favorable outcomes with respect to risk of cardiovascular and ischemic related diseases".
The results finding of all studies confirmed that consumption of green tea is associated with favorable outcomes with respect to risk of cardiovascular disease as well as expression of various serum markers in compilation of how green tea initiated protective activity against CVD.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(*) Molecular understanding of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases by Eng QY1, Thanikachalam PV1, Ramamurthy S2.(PubMed)
(*) The Role of the Nrf2/ARE Antioxidant System in Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases.
Smith RE1, Tran K2, Smith CC3, McDonald M4, Shejwalkar P5, Hara K6.(PubMed)
(1) Green tea consumption and risk of cardiovascular and ischemic related diseases: A meta-analysis by Pang J1, Zhang Z2, Zheng TZ3, Bassig BA4, Mao C5, Liu X5, Zhu Y4, Shi K6, Ge J7, Yang YJ8, Dejia-Huang5, Bai M9, Peng Y9.(PubMed)

Thursday, 11 January 2018

Herbal Therapy: Green Tea and its Bioactive Polyphenols Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in Attenuated Risk and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis

Kyle J. Norton

Green tea may have a therapeutic and positive effect in reduced risk and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis, some scientists suggested.

Green tea, a precious drink processes numbers of health benefit known to almost everyone in Asia and Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, induced "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weaken immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

Autoimmune hepatitis is a medical condition characterized by immune system attacking the liver cells in induction of liver cirrhosis as a result of long term liver cellular inflammation and necrosis.

The study of concanavalin A (ConA) (25 mg/kg) induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice, pretreatment of green tea exerted a strong inhibition of inflammatory cytokines through increased Bcl-2 expression with function of blocking the apoptotic death of some cells and deceased activity of protein Bax in activated p53 a tumor suppressor to induce cell death and caspase-3, and Caspase-9 proteins in signaling molecules in responsible for executing cell death in compared to ConA-treated group within 8 hours of applications, according to observation of TUNEL assay by detecting apoptotic cells that undergo extensive DNA degradation.

In other words, green tea EGCG administration reduced expression of ConA in induction of decreased numbers of infectious cells being attacked by the immune system, thus ameliorated risk of liver cell damage.

Further differentiation indicated that application of green tea bioactive polyphenols Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (10 or 30 mg/kg) orally twice daily for 10 days before ConA injection demonstrates a significant activity in reduced activation of BNIP3, a member of the apoptotic Bcl-2 protein family in mediated infectious cell apoptosis through autophagy in induced destruction of damaged or redundant cellular components in compared to lectin ConA.

The result of green tea EGCG efficacy in induction of BNIP3 to decrease expression of concanavalin A (ConA) in reduction of numbers infectious cell proliferation was attributed to the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway which plays an important role in the mechanisms in exhibited green tea EGCG antioxidant activity in blocking infectious cells migration and invasion in exhibited hepatoprotective effect.

In other words, said, Dr. Li S, the lead scientist "EGCG attenuated liver injury in ConA-induced hepatitis by down-regulating IL-6/JAKs/STAT3/BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and autophagy".

Further differentiation also found that green tea EGCG administration inhibited the immune over reaction and pathological damage by decreased expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), tumor necrosis factor alpha, a cell signaling protein (cytokine) in activated systemic inflammation in the acute phase infection.

Additionally, green tea also modulated the inflammatory factors, interleukin 6 (IL-6), the pro inflammatory cytokines and anti inflammatory mytokins promptly and transiently produced in response to infections and tissue injuries and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), a cytokine that plays an important role in inducing and modulating immune responses to the infectious tissue, as well as cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a key mediator of the inflammatory response in protected body against pathological invasion.

Taken together, green tea and its bioactive Epigallocatechin-3-gallate EGCG may be considered a functional food to reduced risk and used combination with standard therapy for treatment of autoimmune hepatitis.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA BURN

Sources
(1) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting BNIP3. by Li S1, Xia Y1, Chen K1, Li J1, Liu T1, Wang F1, Lu J1, Zhou Y1, Guo C1.(PMC)

Food Therapy: Eggplant in Reduced Risk and Treatment of Hyperlipidemia

Kyle J. Norton

Eggplant may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and treatment of hypercholesterolemia, some scientists suggested.

Eggplant is a species of S. melongena with deeply purple color, belongings to the family Solanaceae and native to India, cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory.

Hypercholesterolemia is a common genetic disorder of cholesterol metabolism characterized by abnormal high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, one of the leading cause of cardiovascular disease.

Hyperlipidemia is a chronic condition of abnormal high levels of blood cholesterol.

According to statistic, approximately 78 million U.S. adults (nearly 37%) had abnormal high blood cholesterol levels in US in 2012.

In the investigation of the blood lipid effect of four eggplant varieties on lipid indices in 108 adult albino rats for 4 weeks (30days), assigned to 2 major groups (fed with 10% and 20% eggplant supplementation) with four sub groups (Groups A-D) and remainder rat assigned to control group fed with commercial feed, at the end of experiment, researchers found that all groups fed with eggplant supplement regardless to doses exhibit a significant lower blood cholesterol in compared to control group.

Further analysis indicated that administration of diet supplemented at dose of 10% and 20% of S. aetheopicum and S. gilo in rat group showed a highest of 9.92 and 9.53 and lowest 7.65 and 5.95g weight gain respectively.

Levels of cholesterol concentration of (60.76±1.7mg/dl) also was found significant lower in the 20% S. gilo supplemented diet rat group in compared to control and levels of HDL concentration significantly increased in rats placed on 10% and 20% S. macrocarpon (oval) and S. gilo supplemented diet respectively relative to the control group.

The results finding indicated that all 4 varieties of eggplant exerted s strong effect in displayed weight reduction and improved hypolipidemic levels.

Although Solanum gilo and S. macrocarpon (oval) displayed higher hypocholesterolemia than other 2 groups, over all, all groups increased HDL and reduced weight gain in tested subjects.

Dr. OSSAMULU, the lead author, after taking into account of other con founders said, "(The findings suggested that eggplant) can be employed in the management of overweight and several cardiovasular diseases".

In the study to test the efficacy of dried powdered fruits of eggplant (Solanum melongena) used in traditional medicine in Bazil for treatment of human hyperlipidemia, researchers at the the joint study lead by the Instituto de Endocrinologia de Maringá conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled study to test the effectiveness of oral Solanum melongena (SM) in a total of 41 hyperlipidemic volunteers allocated to active treatment (n= 21, received two capsules containing SM (450 mg) or placebo (n= 20, 450 mg) twice a day for 3 months, indicated that there were no significant difference of levels of serum triglycerides, HDL-c, VLDL-c, AST, ALT, gGT, glucose and body mass index, in the group treated with SM in compared to placebo.

And both groups expressed the same levels of decrease of levels of serum total cholesterol, LDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c.

The result of the findings prompted Dr. Silvard fruits), require further clinical trials before being recommended to treat hyperlipidemia".

Contrast to the above study, oral application of infusion of a powdered preparation of the eggplant fruit of 38 hypercholesterolemic human volunteers, receiving either S. melongena infusion (N = 19) or placebo (N = 19) participated in two clinical experiments, exhibited a strong effect in significantly reduced the blood levels of total and LDL cholesterol and of apolipoprotein B in compared to control, according to the Intraindividual analysis.

However, after taking into account of dietary orientation, researchers suggested that no intra- or intergroup differences were seen for any of the parameters analyzed.

Dr. Guimarães PR, the lead scientist at the Instituto de Ciências Biológicas said, " S. melongena infusion had a modest and transitory effect, which was not different from that obtained with standard orientation for dyslipidemia patients (diet and physical activities)".

Taking altogether, although there are no universal confirmation, eggplant may have potential and therapeutic effect in reduced risk and treatment of hyperlipidemia pending to further investigation.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Sources
(1) Eggplant (Solanum melongena) infusion has a modest and transitory effect on hypercholesterolemic subjects, Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research
On-line version ISSN 1414-431X Braz J Med Biol Res vol.33 n.9 Ribeirão Preto Sept. 2000
(2) Hypolipidemic Properties of Four Varieties of Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) by ,OSSAMULU, I, feanyi Famous; 2,AKANYA, Helmina Olufunmilayo; 3,JIGAM, Ali Audu; 4,EGWIM , Evans Chidi 5,ADEYEMI, Henry Yemi, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6718, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 670X www.ijpsi.org Volume 3 Issue 8 ‖ August 2014 ‖ PP.47-54
(3) [Absence of hypolipidemic effect of Solanum melongena L. (eggplant) on hyperlipidemic patients].[Article in Portuguese] by Silva GE1, Takahashi MH, Eik Filho W, Albino CC, Tasim GE, Serri Lde A, Assef AH, Cortez DA, Bazotte RB.(PubMed)

Wednesday, 10 January 2018

Food Therapy: Eggplant in Reduced Risk and Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Kyle J. Norton

Eggplant may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and treatment of prostate cancer, some scientists suggested.

Eggplant is a species of S. melongena with deeply purple color, belongings to the family Solanaceae and native to India, cultivated in southern and eastern Asia since prehistory.

Prostate cancer is medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the issues of prostate. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other healthy tissues and organs a distance away drom the original site.

According to statistic, approximately 11.6 percent of men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point during their lifetime.

In the investigation of the effect of glycoalkaloids are nitrogen-containing secondary plant metabolites found in numerous Solanaceous plants including eggplants and risk of cancer, reserachers found that eggplant glycoalkaloids derivatives α-solamargine and α-solasonine inhibited prostate cancer and various types of cancer through induction of cancer cell apoptosis, a genetically directed process of cell self-destruction that involves numerous biomarkers and signaling pathways.

In vitro and in vivo application of glycoalkaloids derivatives α-solamargine and α-solasonine expressed a significant effect in inhibition of tumor formation and growth in fish and mice and human prostate cancer cell lines.

In deed, in the human prostate cancer cell PC-3. administration of non toxic dose of α-solanine initiated cancer suppression and reduced the viability of the human cancer cell through significantly elevated epithelial marker E-cadherin gene expression in target mutated cell in induction of cell profileration and invasion and decreased mesenchymal marker vimentin expression in initiated cell metastasis.

Further differentiation, also suggested that , α-Solanine ameliorated cancer cell proliferation and tumor initiation through reduced mRNA level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) in stimulated cancer invasion and metastasis and increases the expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) in suppression of prostate tumor progression and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 in the regulation of MMP activity, particular in induction of cancer cell over expression.

According to the observation of the Immunoblotting assays, injection of α-solanine is effective in suppressed phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) which plays an important role in modulated cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking involved cancer progression, Akt phosphorylates expression with primary functions is to promote cell growth and protein synthesis and The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway phosphorylates with function in the control of diverse cellular processes including such as proliferation, survival, differentiation and motility.

Moreover, α-solanine reduced levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in expression of cancer progression. Higher levels of miR-21 are correlated to more advanced malignancies and elevated tumor suppressor miR-138 expression in induced prostate cancer cells apoptosis through cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition.

Taken together, eggplant with abundant phytochemicals including glycoalkaloids derivatives α-solamargine and α-solasonine may be considered as functional food in reduced risk and treatment of prostate cancer.

For More information of yoga lessons tailor to a complete well being for women, please visit: YOGA FOR WOMEN

Sources
(1) Chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes by Friedman M1.(PubMed)
(2) α-Solanine inhibits invasion of human prostate cancer cell by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and MMPs expression by Shen KH1, Liao AC2, Hung JH3, Lee WJ4, Hu KC5, Lin PT6, Liao RF7, Chen PS8.(PubMed)