Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Saturday, 4 November 2017

Food therapy: Coffee Intake in Reduced Risk of Chronic Hepatitis

By Kyle J. Norton

Good news for coffee lovers, intake of coffee daily and regularly showed to express a positive effect in reduced risk and progression of chronic hepatitis. a renowned institute joint study suggested.

Coffee, second to green tea, is a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Chronic hepatitis is a condition of liver inflammation caused by hepatitis B and C viruses and certain drugs, lasting at least 6 months.

According to the joint study lead by the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, intake of coffee and coffee caffeine modestly may have profound effect in protection against advanced hepatic fibrosis caused by viral infection in men with chronic HCV infection.

In the study of 910 patients with chronic HCV infection, 98% male and 38% with advanced hepatic fibrosis with daily intake of caffeinated coffee higher among controls than patients with advanced fibrosis, researchers filed the following results
1. Coffee was one of most caffeine injected by participants in the control group.
2. Consumed 100 mg or more of caffeine daily from all sources was found in more participants on higher percentage of controls (66.0%) group in compared to patients with advanced fibrosis group.
3. Daily intake of 100 mg or more of caffeine also expressed a significant hepatoprotective effects in controls.

These finding evidences suggested that caffeine, a major chemical compound may play an important role in reduced risk of chronic hepatitis substantially in compared to non caffeinnate drinkers..

In further support of coffee intake in attenuated risk of the progression of chronic liver diseases (NASH, viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocelullar carcinoma)..., Dr Szántová M and colleagues in the review of in experimental, clinical and large population studies found that coffee consumption showed a significant hepoprotective activities through decreasing mortality, improved antioxidant, antifibrotic, insulinsensitizing and anticarcinogenic expression. And the key protective components involved in this protection may include Chlorogenic acids, diterpens (cafestol, kahweol), caffeine, polyfenols and melanoidins.

More importantly, Dr. Szántová M,, the lead author said,"(The liver protective activity of coffee against chronic hepatitis may be attributed to action in)modulation of genetic expression of key enzymes of fatty acid synthesis, modulation of mRNA included in autophagia, reduction of stress of endoplasmatic reticulum together with decrease of proinflammatory cytokines and decrease of fibrogenesis are main mechanisms" and " Coffee is non-pharmacological tool of primary and secondary prevention of chronic liver diseases".

Promissingly, the University of Naples "Federico II, in the study of the relationship between coffee and liver health, indicated that coffee consumption not only showed a inversely associated with the activity of liver enzymes in subjects at risk, including heavy drinkers but also inhibited hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, ...cirrhosis and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma".

Taking together, there is no doubt that intake of coffee daily and regularly regardless to numbers of cup, expressed a significant effect in reduced risk and treatment of chronic liver disease, particular in chronic hepatitis.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Coffee and Caffeine Are Associated With Decreased Risk of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis Among Patients With Hepatitis C by Khalaf N1, White D1, Kanwal F1, Ramsey D1, Mittal S1, Tavakoli-Tabasi S2, Kuzniarek J3, El-Serag HB4.(PubMed)
(2) [Coffee as hepatoprotective factor].[Article in Czech] by Szántová M, Ďurkovičová Z.(PubMed)
(3) Coffee and liver health by Morisco F1, Lembo V, Mazzone G, Camera S, Caporaso N.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Coffee Intake in Risk of Gastritis? The Contradictory Results

By Kyle J. Norton

Epidemiological studies, linking coffee consumption daily and regularly associated to risk of gastritis developing caused by over production of bacterial Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in induced infection, have been inclusive.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

Gastritis is condition of inflammation, irritation, or erosion of stomach lining caused by bacterial Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) over expression located at the lining of stomach.

In a study of total of 447 patients aged 15-79 had not had peptic ulcer disease or treatment for H pylori infection. researchers found that coffee consumption showed a positive dose-response relation in reduced active stomach lining infection and after adjusted odds ratios, patients who drank < 3 cups and > or = 3 cups of coffee per day displayed the relative risk ratio of 1.49 and 2.49 respectively, in compared to non drinkers.

The result suggested that coffee intake showed negative effects in attenuated in course of H pylori induced active infection. In other words, coffee intake may elevate active infection caused by bacterial H pylori.

Other, in the study of a sample of 238 subjects (hospital employees) initially (on 1994) seronegative to H. pyloria tested again 5 years later (1999), in two different periods (1994 and 1999). returned questionnaire from patients showed a neutral effect between coffee consumption and risk of infection caused by H. pyloria regardless to numbers of cup intake daily and after taking into account of other factors.

More importantly, in the investigation of the effect of coffee consumption on four major acid-related diseases: gastric ulcer (GU), a serve case of gastric infection, duodenal ulcer (DU), reflux esophagitis (RE), and non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) based on the large-scale multivariate analysis of the 9,517 healthy adults, researchers filed the following results in related to coffee intake and risk of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection
1. Coffee consumption expressed a relative low ration of pepsinogen I/II
2. Coffee in take expressed a positively related risk of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection by multiple logistic regression analysis,
3. Coffee intake was not associated to neither GU nor DU

But after taking into account of other risk factors, researchers exemplified " there are no significant relationship between coffee consumption and the four major acid-related upper gastrointestinal disorders".

With all the information collected, coffee in take may have a very significant and neutral link in increased risk of Gastritis caused by bacterial infection, therefore, clarification by large sample size and cohost studies are necessary,

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Relation of smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption to active Helicobacter pylori infection: cross sectional study by Brenner H1, Rothenbacher D, Bode G, Adler G.(PubMed)
(2) Relationship of smoking and coffee and alcohol consumption with seroconversion to Helicobacter pylori: a longitudinal study in hospital workers by Gikas A1, Triantafillidis JK, Apostolidis N, Mallas E, Peros G, Androulakis G.(PubMed)
(3) No association of coffee consumption with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis, and non-erosive reflux disease: a cross-sectional study of 8,013 healthy subjects in Japan by Shimamoto T1, Yamamichi N, Kodashima S, Takahashi Y, Fujishiro M, Oka M, Mitsushima T, Koike K(PubMed)

Food Therapy: High Amount of Coffee Consumed(> 3 Cups/day) in Reduced Risk of Hypertension?

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients

Epidemiological studies suggested that intake of high amount coffee and coffee caffeine have a profound effect in reduced prevalence and treatment of hypertension.

Hypertension is a syndrome of abnormal high blood pressure, one of the serve factor in increased risk cardiovascular disease.

Coffee, second to green tea, is a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

According to the recent joint study lead the NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, the examine of 7 cohorts including 205,349 individuals and 44,120 cases of hypertension included, people drinking more than 7 cups of coffee per day showed a significant decreased risk of hypertension by 9%.

In the linear dose-response analysis, risk of hypertension decreased by 1% for each additional cup of coffee per day.

The information finding from above differentiation demonstrated a modest decrease in risk of hypertension in Increased coffee consumption.

Contrastively, in other review of a total of 172,567 participants and 37,135 incident hypertension cases, covered by 6 prospective cohort studies, the Michigan State University filed the following results
1. Coffee consumed at the lowest level with <1 cup (≈237 mL)/d], incidence of hypertension showed a pooled relative risks ration of 1.09.
2, For people drinking 1-3 cups of coffee daily, the pool relative risk ratio was 1.08

3. In for the highest category of coffee intake >5 cups/d, the relative risk ratio is reduced to 1,07.

After including the dose-response meta-analysis, researchers found that hypertension risk increasing substantially for people consuming between 1 to 3 cups per day.

Dr,. Zhang Z, the lead author said, " habitual coffee consumption of >3 cups/d was not associated with an increased risk of hypertension in compared with <1 cup/d; however, a slightly elevated risk appeared to be associated with light-to-moderate consumption of 1 to 3 cups/d"

Further more, according to the College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, in a systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, insisted that ix hundred and ten articles were retrieved and a total of 15, the mean change a pooled SBP was -0.55 mmHg and Meta-analysis of the cohort studies showed an insignificant a pooled risk ratio for developing hypertension of 1.03.

With that result, the review literature proclaimed, " Given the quality of the currently available evidence, no recommendation can be made for or against coffee consumption as it relates to BP and hypertension".

Taking altogether, coffee in take of more than 3 cups may be associated to reduced moderated risk of hypertension. Due to the conflict results, it is recommended that people with hypertension should consult with their doctor before increasing amount of coffee intake.

Food Therapy: Coffee Intake in Risk of Pancreatic Cancers? The Contradictory Results

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients

Epidemiological studies do not agreed that coffee consumed regularly and daily is associated to decreased risk of pancreatic cancer, a study by the Fudan University suggested.

Pancreatic cancer is a medical condition of cell growth irregularly and disorderly in the pancreas. At the late stage, the cancer cells may travel a distant away from the original site to other tissues and organs.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

In the review literature published on PubMed and EmBase to determine the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with a 1 cup/d increment in coffee consumption, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria with 671,080 individuals (1496 cancer events) with an average follow-up of 14.9 years, researchers found that in compared to non coffee drinkers, coffee drinkers enjoyed a relative odd risk ratio of 0.82 and 0.68 in compared regular high drinkers and low to moderate coffee drinkers,

This result confirmed the linearly negative risk associated between coffee intake and pancreatic cancer. Risk of PC is reduced further for additional intake.

Constrastively, in the evaluated the relationship of coffee ingestion and pancreatic cancer risk by searching prospective cohort studies and explicit document in the PubMed database before November 2015. researchers expressed that risk pancreatic cancer is increased, by 1% for additional cup of coffee intake, regardless numbers of cups of coffee intake daily.

Dr, Nie K, The lead author said, "The summary relative risk (RR) of pancreatic cancer and coffee intake of the highest compared with lowest category was 0.99 (95% CI=0.81-1.21), with statistically moderate heterogeneity (I2=47.9%, P=0.008)".

The risk of pancreatic cancer in coffee drinker remain constant even after taking account of other factors such as geographic areas, sex of participants, number of cases, follow-up years, ....

Additionally, in the evaluated coffee intake and risk of pancreatic cancer of a review of 4 155 256 person-years of follow-up, 1541 incident first primary pancreatic cancers incidence, scientists strongly insisted that risk estimates for coffee drinking were not statistically significant; compared with never drinkers of coffee, regardless to numbers of coffee intake.

Dr. Dr.Guertin KA, the lead researcher. said, "In a prospective study of coffee intake with the largest number of pancreatic cancer cases to date, we did not observe an association between total, caffeinated, or decaffeinated coffee intake and pancreatic cancer".

Taking together, There are some contradicted results in expression of coffee intake and risk of pancreatic cancer, but the findings suggested that coffee intake is associated to insignificant risk of pancreatic cancer incidence. Further studies are warranted.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

FOOD HACK for Weight Loss
A Simple Cooking Technique That Cuts The Calories & Glycemic
Impact In Rice, Pasta, And Potatoes In Half

Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Coffee drinking and pancreatic cancer risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies by Dong J1, Zou J, Yu XF.(PubMed)
(2) Coffee intake and risk of pancreatic cancer: an updated meta-analysis of prospective studies by Nie K1, Xing Z, Huang W, Wang W, Liu W.(PubMed)
(3) Intake of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, or tea does not affect risk for pancreatic cancer: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and Cancer Study by Bhoo-Pathy N1, Uiterwaal CS, Dik VK, Jeurnink SM, Bech BH, Overvad K, Halkjær J, Tjønneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Racine A, Katzke VA, Li K, Boeing H, Floegel A, Androulidaki A, Bamia C, Trichopoulou A, Masala G, Panico S, Crosignani P, Tumino R, Vineis P, Peeters PH, Gavrilyuk O, Skeie G, Weiderpass E, Duell EJ, Arguelles M, Molina-Montes E, Navarro C, Ardanaz E, Dorronsoro M, Lindkvist B, Wallström P, Sund M, Ye W, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Key TJ, Travis RC, Duarte-Salles T, Freisling H, Licaj I, Gallo V, Michaud DS, Riboli E, Bueno-De-Mesquita HB.(PubMed)

Friday, 3 November 2017

Food Therapy: Coffee Intake < 3 Cups/day In Reduced Risk of Gastric Cancer

According to the joint study led by the the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, by searching of the data base of published literature, including 22 studies (9 cohort and 13 case-control studies) involving 7,631 cases and 1,019,693 controls, the relative risk of gastric cancer and coffee intake was shown in following
1. Relative rsik of gastric cancer was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.80-1.10) for the highest category of coffee consumption compared with the lowest category
2. In compared to non drinker, the relative risk is and 0.93

3. The relative risk of <1 cup/day, 1-2 cups/day and 3-4 cups/day coffee consumption compared with nondrinkers were 0.95, 0.92 and 0.88, respectively,

The information findings, after considering other factors, demonstrated a significant association between coffee intake and decreased gastric cancer risk in case-control studies.

Contraditively, in the study of long term effect of coffee consumption and risk of gastric cancer in US, through searching PubMed and Embase from January 1996 through February 10, 2015 of a total of 2019 gastric cancer incident cases among 1,289,314 participants with mean follow-up periods ranging from 8 to 18 years, suggested that
1. The relative risk (RR) of every 3 cups/day increment of total coffee consumption was 1.07
2. the relative risk of 1.18 in compared with the lowest and the highest categories of coffee consumption
3. RR of 1.06 in compared the second highest and Lowest category (median 3.5 cups/day),
4 RR of 0.97 (95% CI = 0.79-1.20) for the third highest and lowest category (median 1.5 cups/day).

Dr., the lead author said, "Current evidence indicated there was no nonlinear association between coffee consumption and gastric cancer risk. However, high coffee consumption (more than 6.5 cups/day) might increase the risk of gastric cancer in the US population".

Other, subgroups analysis suggested that coffee intake do not have potential effect in gastric risk, but in US subgroup, risk of gastric significant increased risk with the relative ratio of 1.36 in the studies with <10 years of follow-up, particular in those studies without adjustment for smoking.

Taking altogether, although there is conflict evidences, coffee consumption < 3 cups/day was shown to ameliorated risk of gastric cancer.

Food Therapy; Coffee Intake In Increased Risk of Bladder Cancer

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Coffee consumption may have a linear association to potential risk of bladder cancer development,
a respectable institute postulated.

Bladder cancer is medical condition of cell growth irregularly and disorderly in the bladder. The cancer may spread to distant tissues and organs in the later stage.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

According to the Shandong University, in the review literature published online satisfied the criteria and guideline to investigate risk of bladder cancer among coffee consumption adults. Selected studies, numbers of cups/day and relative risk RR as follow
For 23 case-control studies
1. for 1 cup/day, RR=1.07
2 for 2 cups/day, RR=1.15
3 for 3 cups/day, RR=1.22
4. for 4 cups/day RR= 1.29
and
For 5 cohort studies
1. for 1 cup/day, RR=1.09
2. for 2 cups/day, RR=1.13
3. for 3 cups/day, RR= 1.09
4 for 4 cups/day, RR=1.01

The findings in both case-control and cohost studies showed a positive association of coffee intake and risk of bladder cancer.

In non smokers, according to the pooled data set comprises 564 cases and 2929 hospital or population controls enrolled in ten studies conducted in Denmark, Germany, Greece, France, Italy and Spain. risk of bladder caner did not increase monotonically with dose but for heavy coffee drinkers of over 10 cups per days, the risk bladder cancer increases substantially.

Dr. Sala M, the lead author said, "Nonsmokers who are heavy coffee drinkers may have a small excess risk of bladder cancer".

Other, in the analysed a case-control study in two different areas of northern Italy (555 cases and 855 controls), coffee intake and risk of bladder cancer showed that
in compared to non drinkers(RR: relative risk ratio)
1. RR 1.2 for one cup of coffee per day,
2. RR 1.4 for two,
3. RR 1.5 for three and
4 RR 1.4 for four or more
5. RR 1.5 (0.9-2.4) for decaffeinated coffee.
But in never smoked participants, the risk of bladder cancer increased significantly
1 .RR 1.9 for one or two cups per day,
2. RR 1.8 for three and
3 RR 1.5 for four or more

Taking together, there is no doubt that coffee and coffee caffeine consumption have a significant risk in exhibited incidence of bladder cancer regardless to numbers of cups intake daily and regularly.

Food Therapy: Coffee and Coffee Caffeine in Reduced Risk and Treatment of impaired fasting glucose

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

In take of coffee and coffee caffeine daily and regularly is associated to reduced risk and treatment of abnormal fasting glucose levels, epidemiological studies suggested.

Impaired fasting glucose is a condition characterized by abnormal high blood glucose after meal and considered as an indication of prediabetes or symptoms of diabetics.

Coffee, a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.

In a prospective study, 910 adults aged >/=50 years without diabetes at baseline in 1984-1987 followed to 1992-1996, an average of 8 years after assessment of coffee intake, researchers found that
past and current coffee drinkers not only had a reduced risk of incident diabetes but also improved impaired glucose in compared with those who never drank coffee.

In 317 participants who are past or current coffee drinkers showed a significant reduced level of fasting blood glucose in compared to the baseline.

Based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), Dr. Smith B, the lead author said, "This study confirms a striking protective effect of caffeinated coffee against incident diabetes".

Interestingly, in a study comprised 7949 healthy Swedish subjects aged 35-56 years residing within five municipalities of Stockholm. An oral glucose tolerance test identified 55 men and 52 women with previously undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and 172 men and 167 women with impaired glucose tolerance, researchers at the Karolinska Institutet,file the following results

1. The relative risks when drinking >/=5 cups of coffee per day compared with </=2 cups per day in men were 0.45 and 0.63, respectively, and after adjustment of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance but in women, the relative risk was reduced substantially to 0.27.

2. Coffee and coffee caffeine intake was associated inversely in patients with type 2 diabetes.
3. Women, but not in men, with impaired glucose tolerance also benefit from improvement of beta-cell function
4. Both gender with normal glucose tolerance, coffee consumption also displayed a strong effect in reduced risk of insulin resistance.

Dr. Agardh EE, the led author said, "high consumers of coffee have a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. The beneficial effects may involve both improved insulin sensitivity and enhanced insulin response".

Additionally, in a study of subsample of subjects aged 45 to 64 years in 1987 and in 1992 from the population-based FINRISK study (12,287 individuals) invited to receive the standard oral glucose tolerance test at baseline, the fasting and two-hour plasma glucose and insulin measured in 2434 subjects, researchers postulated that according to the data, coffee demonstrated a significantly and inversely associated with fasting glucose, two-hour plasma glucose, and fasting insulin in both men and women.

In fact, intake of coffee in the sample also showed a profound effect in ameliorated impaired fasting glucose, improved impaired glucose regulation, and hyperinsulinemia in both gender, particularly in several glycemia markers.

Conclusively, Coffee, not only is a source of chemical compounds such as chlorogenic acids and lignans in improved glucose metabolism,but also may be considered as a novel mechanisms for effects of diet on Reduced Risk and Treatment of impaired fasting glucose and prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.