The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Herbal Ginkgo Biloba(Bai Guo)

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatments In Herbal Medicine prospective
A. Ginkgo Biloba(Bai Guo)
Ginkgo biloba is the oldest living tree species, genus Ginkgo, belonging to the family Ginkgoaceae, native to China, from temperate zone to subtropical zone and some parts of north America(592). The herb been used in traditional herbal medicine in treating impotence, memory loss, respiratory diseases, circulatory disorders and deafness as well as preventing drunkenness, and bedwetting(591).
a. The memory enhancing effects
Capsules containing 60 mg of a standardised extract of Ginkgo biloba(GK501) and 100 mg of a standardised extract of Panax ginseng (G115) significantly improved an Index of Memory Quality(593), including learning and memory but not working and long-term memory(596). Its extract, in the logical memory test and nonsense picture recognition also exhibited improvement of 58.62% logical memory in compared to baseline(594). Commercial extract Ginkgo biloba EGb 761 is also found to enhance certain neuropsychological/memory processes of cognitively in older adults, 60 years of age and over(595).

b. Cognitive performance
Administration of single doses (120, 240, 360 mg) of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), according to Northumbria University, showed to improvecognitive performance, including speed of attention, accuracy of attention, secondary memory, working memory, speed of memory, quality of memory(597). Combination of standardised extracts of Ginkgo biloba (GK501, Pharmaton SA) and Ginseng (G115, Pharmaton SA) administration showed a consistent effect on mood and aspects of cognitive performance ("quality of memory", "secondary memory", "working memory", "speed of memory", "quality of attention" and "speed of attention") in doses depend-manner(598). On acute cognitive effects, Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) with soy-derived phospholipids, improved secondary memory performance and significantly increased speed of memory task performance in comparision to post-dose testing sessions(599).

c. Cognitive impairment
Extracts of the leaves of Ginkgo biloba showed to improve a range of conditions including memory and concentration problems, confusion, depression, anxiety, dizziness, tinnitus and headache, recognition, regeneration, understanding, and recitation(603), probably thought its action in increasing blood supply by dilating blood vessels, reducing blood viscosity, modification of neurotransmitter systems, and the density of oxygen free radicals(600).
EGb761, a commercial product of Ginkgo biloba at 240 mg/day, stabilized or slow declined in cognition, function, behavior, at 22-26 weeks (602).
According to University of Oxford, the use of Ginkgo biloba treatment of cognitive impairment appeared to be safe with no excess side effects, but with inconsistent results(601).

d. Etc.

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References
(592) Ginkgo biloba(Wikipedia)
(593) The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers by Wesnes KA1, Ward T, McGinty A, Petrini O.(PubMed)
(594) [Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in improving episodic memory of patients with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial].[Article in Chinese]by Zhao MX1, Dong ZH, Yu ZH, Xiao SY, Li YM.(PubMed)
(595) A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: neuropsychological findings by Mix JA1, Crews WD Jr.(PubMed)
(596) Effects of Ginkgo biloba administered after spatial learning on water maze and radial arm maze performance in young adult rats by Shif O1, Gillette K, Damkaoutis CM, Carrano C, Robbins SJ, Hoffman JR(PubMed)
(597) Modulation of cognitive performance following single doses of 120 mg Ginkgo biloba extract administered to healthy young volunteers by Kennedy DO1, Jackson PA, Haskell CF, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(598) Differential, dose dependent changes in cognitive performance following acute administration of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination to healthy young volunteers by Kennedy DO1, Scholey AB, Wesnes KA.(PubMed)
(599) Acute cognitive effects of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract complexed with phosphatidylserine by Kennedy DO1, Haskell CF, Mauri PL, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(600) Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia by Birks J1, Grimley Evans J.(PubMed)
(601) Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia by Birks J1, Grimley EV, Van Dongen, M.(PubMed) 

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Herbal Lavender

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatments In Herbal Medicine prospective
C. Lavender
Lavender is a flower plant of the genus Lavandula, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to Asia. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and mood alleviating(618), and burns and insect bites effects(623) agents, as well as treatment for depression, stress and mild anxiety(621) probably through its phytochemicals(constituents (-)-linalool, (+)-α-pinene and (+)-limonene ) in modulation of the immune and neuroendocrine system by interfering with metabolism of tryptophan(618).

a. Spatial performance
Lavender extract (LE, in AD animal model, showed effectively in improvement of spatial performance, through attenuation of Aβ production in histopathology of hippocampus(619) involved in memory forming, organizing, and storing. Its aqueous extract also significantly improved the performance of control and reverse spatial learning and memory deficits(621) in AD rats(620). Inhaledlavender oil, in oxidative stress induced rat, exhibited neuroprotective effects through its potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities(622).

b. Behavioural symptoms
Lavender aromatherapy, according to Kongju National University, was effective on emotions and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia of the Alzheimer's type(624)and reduced disruptive behaviour in people with dementia(625). In agitated behaviour in severe dementia, 2% lavender oilaromatherapy stream administered on the ward for a two hour period, showed a modest effects in compared with placebo(626). The effectiveness of the herb in reduced behaviours in individuals with dementia potentially provide a safer intervention rather than reliance on pharmacology alone. The study's findings will translate easily to other countries and cultures(627).

c. Cognitive performance and Mood disorders
Aromatherapy applied to 28 elderly people with dementia, 17 of whom had Alzheimer's disease (AD), showed significant improvement in personal orientation related to cognitive function on both the Gottfries, Brane, Steen scale (GBSS-J)and Touch Panel-type Dementia Assessment Scale (TDAS), according to Tottori University(628) and emotions and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia, according to Kongju National University(629). In emotional parameters, lavender essential oil also significantly enhanced mood responses, including anxiety(631)(633) and
depression(632)(634) probably through its relaxing effect(630).

d. Etc.

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Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

References
(618) Lavender oil suppresses indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in human PBMC. by Gostner JM, Ganzera M, Becker K, Geisler S, Schroecksnadel S, Überall F, Schennach H, Fuchs D1(PubMed).
(619) Protein Drug Targets of Lavandula angustifolia on treatment of Rat Alzheimer's Disease. by Zali H1, Zamanian-Azodi M1, Rezaei Tavirani M2, Akbar-Zadeh Baghban A3.(PubMed)
(620) Aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) improves the spatial performance of a rat model of Alzheimer's disease by Kashani MS1, Tavirani MR, Talaei SA, Salami M.(PubMed)
(621) Effects of lavender oil inhalation on improving scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment in laboratory rats by Hritcu L1, Cioanca O, Hancianu M.(PubMed)
(622) Neuroprotective effects of inhaled lavender oil on scopolamine-induced dementia via anti-oxidative activities in rats by Hancianu M1, Cioanca O, Mihasan M, Hritcu L(PubMed)
(623) Biological activities of lavender essential oil. by Cavanagh HM1, Wilkinson JM.(PubMed)
(624) [The effect of lavender aromatherapy on cognitive function, emotion, and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia].[Article in Korean] by Lee SY1.(PubMed)
(625) A randomised controlled trial of the use of aromatherapy and hand massage to reduce disruptive behaviour in people with dementia by Fu CY1, Moyle W, Cooke M.(PubMed)
(626) Lavender oil as a treatment for agitated behaviour in severe dementia: a placebo controlled study by Holmes C1, Hopkins V, Hensford C, MacLaughlin V, Wilkinson D, Rosenvinge H.(PubMed)
(627) The study protocol of a blinded randomised-controlled cross-over trial of lavender oil as a treatment of behavioural symptoms in dementia by van der Ploeg ES1, Eppingstall B, O'Connor DW(PubMed).
(628) Effect of aromatherapy on patients with Alzheimer's disease by Jimbo D1, Kimura Y, Taniguchi M, Inoue M, Urakami K.(PubMed)
(629) [The effect of lavender aromatherapy on cognitive function, emotion, and aggressive behavior of elderly with dementia].[Article in Korean] by Lee SY1.(PubMed)
(630) The effects of lavender oil inhalation on emotional states, autonomic nervous system, and brain electrical activity by Sayorwan W1, Siripornpanich V, Piriyapunyaporn T, Hongratanaworakit T, Kotchabhakdi N, Ruangrungsi N.(PubMed)
(631) The effects of lavender scent on dental patient anxiety levels: a cluster randomised-controlled trial by Kritsidima M1, Newton T, Asimakopoulou K.(PubMed)
(632) A case series on the use of lavendula oil capsules in patients suffering from major depressive disorder and symptoms of psychomotor agitation, insomnia and anxiety by Fißler M1, Quante A2.(PubMed)
(633) The effects of lavender and rosemary essential oils on test-taking anxiety among graduate nursing students by McCaffrey R1, Thomas DJ, Kinzelman AO.(PubMed)
(634) [Effects of lavender aromatherapy on insomnia and depression in women college students].[Article in Korean] by Lee IS1, Lee GJ.(PubMed)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Herbal Lemon Palm

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatments In Herbal Medicine prospective
B. Lemon Palm
Lemon Balm is a perennial plant in the genus Melissa, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat nervous complaints(604), lower abdominal disorders(605) and as anti-inflammatory(608), antivirus(606), antibacterial agent(607).
a. Behavioral and psychological symptoms
According to Newcastle University, lemon balm showed to alleviate behavioral and psychological symptoms in patient with dementia (BPSD)(609), including anxiety(614). Lozenge, containing lavender oil, extracts from hops, lemonbalm and oat showed to induce a state of relaxation and regeneration for better cope with psychological and emotional stress(610)(611) and attenuation of mood and anxiety(612). In behavior symttoms, administraion of combined valerian root and lemon balm extracts, improved symptoms of poor ability to focus decreased from 75% to 14%, hyperactivity from 61% to 13%, and impulsiveness from 59% to 22% as well as general social behavior, sleep symptoms in children(613). On laboratory-induced psychological stress, the standardized M. officinalis extract, a significant increase in the speed of mathematical processing, with no reduction in accuracy(617).


b. Cognitive performance and mood
A standardised M. officinalis preparation administered showed significantly in eradicated mood change and cognitive impairment(614), according to joint study lead by Swinburne University. Acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) in high dose, enhanced cognition and mood in both Secondary Memory and Working Memory factors(615)(616), probably through its function in modulation of mood and cognitive performance through lowering both nicotinic and muscarinic binding in healthy humans(616). Due to different preparations derived from the same plant species, some researchers suggested that the effectiveness may exhibit different properties depending on the process used for the sample preparation(616).

c. Etc.

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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

References
(604) Effects of Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) extract on neurogenesis associated with serum corticosterone and GABA in the mouse dentate gyrus by Yoo DY1, Choi JH, Kim W, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Yoon YS, Won MH, Hwang IK.(PubMed)
(605) Inhibitory activity of Melissa officinalis L. extract on Herpes simplex virus type 2 replication. by Mazzanti G1, Battinelli L, Pompeo C, Serrilli AM, Rossi R, Sauzullo I, Mengoni F, Vullo V.(PubMed)
(606) Melissa officinalis oil affects infectivity of enveloped herpesviruses. by Schnitzler P1, Schuhmacher A, Astani A, Reichling J.(PubMed)
(607) Comparison of the antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and culinary herbs to investigate potential new treatments for irritable bowel syndrome by Thompson A1, Meah D, Ahmed N, Conniff-Jenkins R, Chileshe E, Phillips CO, Claypole TC, Forman DW, Row PE.(PubMed)
(608) β-Caryophyllene, a Compound Isolated from the Biblical Balm of Gilead (Commiphora gileadensis), Is a Selective Apoptosis Inducer for Tumor Cell Lines. by Amiel E1, Ofir R, Dudai N, Soloway E, Rabinsky T, Rachmilevitch S.(PubMed)
(609) Medicinal plants and dementia therapy: herbal hopes for brain aging by Perry E1, Howes MJ.(PubMed)
(610) Effects of lozenge containing lavender oil, extracts from hops, lemon balm and oat on electrical brain activity of volunteers by Dimpfel W1, Pischel I, Lehnfeld R.(PubMed)
(611) Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm). by Kennedy DO1, Little W, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(612) Anxiolytic effects of a combination of Melissa officinalis and Valeriana officinalis during laboratory induced stress by Kennedy DO1, Little W, Haskell CF, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(613) Hyperactivity, concentration difficulties and impulsiveness improve during seven weeks' treatment with valerian root and lemon balm extracts in primary school children by Gromball J1, Beschorner F2, Wantzen C3, Paulsen U4, Burkart M5.(PubMed)
(614) Anti-stress effects of lemon balm-containing foods. by Scholey A1, Gibbs A2, Neale C3, Perry N4, Ossoukhova A5, Bilog V6, Kras M7, Scholz C8, Sass M9, Buchwald-Werner S10.(PubMed)
(615) Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) by Kennedy DO1, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA.(PubMed)
(616) Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-binding properties by Kennedy DO1, Wake G, Savelev S, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB.(PubMed)
(617) Attenuation of laboratory-induced stress in humans after acute administration of Melissa officinalis (Lemon Balm) by Kennedy DO1, Little W, Scholey AB.(PubMed)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Treatments of Subdural hematoma

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

F. Treatments of Subdural hematoma
1. Emergency treatment
An acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is a rapidly clotting blood collection(548) below the inner layer of the dura but external to the brain and arachnoid membrane(549). Two further stages, subacute and chronic, may develop with untreated acute subdural hematoma (SDH)(549). There is always important to maintain survival of the patient with acute subdural hematomas(550)(551) because of its unfavourable outcome in the majority of cases(551). Emergency treatment is necessary to reduce pressure and allow blood to drain by drilling a small hole in the skull and inserting a temporary small catheter through a hole drilled through the skull and sucking out the hematoma(552)(564). Although hematoma resolution has been reported, it cannot be reliably predicted, and no medical therapy has
been shown to be effective in expediting the resolution of acute or chronic subdural hematomas(552)(553).

2. Medication
In case of chronic subdural hematomas, Mannitol may be used to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP)(554)(555) as it produced a significant reduction in ICP and improved cerebral perfusion pressure(556).
a. Corticosteroids for brain oedema
Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid or corticosteroid drug(557). Researchers found that Methylprednisolone can effectively reduce myelin changes(559) accompanying brain oedema(558) induced by blood-brainbarrier opening with an osmotic insult(559).

b. Anticonvulsants for patient with seizures
In some cases, patients with chronic subdural haematoma may be treated with anticonvulsants for seizures prevention(560). The medicine has shown to reduce risk of seizures(562) to none and 1.8% in 73 patients given prophylactic antiepileptic drug treatment in Tokyo Medical and DentalUniversity study(561) and Beilinson Medical Center(562) studies, respectively.

c. Rifampicin for bacterial infection
Rifampicin is a naturally made, non-peptide antibiotic(563). It is bactericidal, killing agent by disabling the protein expression system universally conserved by all bacterial infection(567), but it can induce thrombocytopenia(565)(566) in acute subdural hematoma treatment.

3. Surgery
Large or symptomatic hematomas require a craniotomy, as a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain for removal of blood clot with suction or irrigation(568). According University of Cambridge,Cambridge, the use of a drain after burr-hole drainage of chronic subduralhaematoma and minimized the incidence of significant recollection(570) is safe and associated with reduced recurrence and mortality at 6 months(569).

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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese MedicineReferences
(549)Acute Subdural Hematoma. Author: Alex Koyfman, MD; Chief Editor: Rick Kulkarni, MD more(Medscape))..
(550)[Analysis of prognostic factors for patients with traumatic acute subdural hematomas treated by surgery].[Article in Chinese]by Song C1, Ren X1, Zhao B1, Fu H1, Lin S2, Zhang Y1.(PubMed)
(551) Management and outcome of patients with acute traumatic subdural hematomas and pre-injury oral anticoagulation therapy by Senft C1, Schuster T, Forster MT, Seifert V, Gerlach R.(PubMed)
(552) Case report: treatment of subdural hematoma in the emergency department utilizing the Subdural Evacuating Port System by Asfora WT, Klapper HB.(PubMed)
(553) Subdural Hematoma Treatment & Management. Author: Richard J Meagher, MD; Chief Editor: Helmi L Lutsep, MD more..(Medscape)
(554) Chronic subdural hematoma. Surgery or mannitol treatment by Gjerris F, Schmidt K.(PubMed)
(555) Mannitol in acute traumatic brain injury by Schrot RJ1, Muizelaar JP.(PubMed)
(556) Effect of neuroprotective N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists on increased intracranial pressure: studies in the rat acute subdural hematoma model by Kuroda Y1, Fujisawa H, Strebel S, Graham DI, Bullock R.(PubMed)
(557) Methylprednisolone(Wikipedia)
(558) Effects of intracarotid injection of methylprednisolone on cellular oedema after osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier in rats by Kozler P1, Pokorný J.(PubMed)
(559)
(560) Anticonvulsants for preventing seizures in patients with chronic subdural haematoma. by Ratilal BO1, Pappamikail L, Costa J, Sampaio C.(PubMed)
(561) Low incidence of seizures in patients with chronic subdural haematoma. by Ohno K1, Maehara T, Ichimura K, Suzuki R, Hirakawa K, Monma S.(PubMed)
(562) Epilepsy in chronic subdural haematoma by Rubin G1, Rappaport ZH.(PubMed)
(563) Rifampicin(Wikipedia)
(564) Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial by Santarius T1, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, Chia HL, Jalloh I, Smielewski P, Richards HK, Marcus H, Parker RA, Price SJ, Kirollos RW, Pickard JD, Hutchinson PJ(PubMed)
(565) Acute subdural hemorrhage associated with rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia. by Kang SY1, Choi JC, Kang JH, Lee JS.(PubMed)
(566) A case of acute and severe thrombocytopenia due to readministration of rifampicin by Mori M1, Izawa K, Fujikawa T, Uenami T, Sugano T, Kagami S, Namba Y, Yano Y, Yoneda T, Kitada S, Kimura H, Yamaguchi T, Yokota S, Maekura R.(PubMed)
(567) An Unreported Clindamycin Adverse Reaction: Wrist Monoarthritis(IJPR)
(568) Craniotomy(Wikipedia)
(569) Acute subdural hemorrhage associated with rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia by Kang SY1, Choi JC, Kang JH, Lee JS.(PubMed)
(570) Chronic subdural haematoma treated by craniotomy, durectomy, outer membranectomy and subgaleal suction drainage. Personal experience in 39 patients by Mohamed EE1.(PubMed)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Treatments of Multi-infarct dementia

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

E. Multi-infarct dementia
Also known as vascular dementia, is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease in older adults between ages of 60 and 75(571), caused by different mechanisms all resulting in vascular lesions in the brain(572)(573) with prevalence of major depression, depressed mood/anhedonia, and subjective and neurovegetative symptoms of depression(574).

Treatments of Multi-infarct dementia
There are no treatments which can reverse the damage to the brain caused by small strokes(575), but the goal of the treatment is to control the symptoms and reduce the risk factors to prevent future strokes(576) by prescribed medicine to make the blood thinner to reduce the risk blood clot causes of future stroke.
E.1. Medication
1. Plavix
Plavix tablets is pescription-only medicine with function of keeping blood platelets from sticking together and forming clots(577) to prevent blood clotted causes of future stroke(579). In some cases, it is used conjunction with aspirin(578).

b. Side effects are not limit to
The most common side effects of Plavix (occurring in more than 2 percent of people and more often in the group taking Plavix) include:
b.1. Constipation
b.2. Diarrhea
b.3. Dizziness
b.4. Headache
b.5. Heartburn
b.6. Joint or muscle pain
b.7. Nausea and vomiting
b.8. Etc.
A sudden choking feeling, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and itchy mouth had been reported in patient taking clopidogrel 75 mg combined with 100 mg acetylsalicylic acid once daily, and metoprolol tartrate 50 mg twice daily(580)

2. Antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine)
a. Antipsychotic drugs effectively treat psychosis caused by a variety of conditions including dementia(581). Psychotic symptoms are classified as either positive or negative. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, bizarre or disorganized behavior(582). Negative symptoms include anhedonia, flattened affect, apathy, and social withdrawal(583).

b. Side effects are not limit to
In most cases, adverse effects are usually dose dependent and influenced by patient characteristics, including age and gender(584).
b.1. Constipation,
b.2. Dry mouth and
b.3. Blurred vision
b.4. Sleepiness and slowness
b.5. Weight gain
b.6. Stiffness and shakines
b.7. Hormone change
b.8. Diabetes
b.9. Etc.

3. Serotonin-affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone, or fluoxetine)
a. Precursor amino acids (PAA)of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine showed clinical and psychologic improvement with conflict results(585)
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Diarrhea
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Nausea,
b.4. Vomiting and agitation(585)

4. Anti anticonvulsant
Anti anticonvulsant, clonazepam has shown to control logorrhea, hyperactivity, agitation, intrusiveness, and impulsive violence and to promote cooperation in patient with multi-infarct dementia, according to East Carolina University School of Medicine(586).

b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Dizziness
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Unsteadiness
b.4. Nausea
b.5. Vomiting
b.6. Skin rashes
b.7. Etc.

5. Rivastigmine, is a cholinergic agent used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia(587)
a. On cognitive function, rivastigmine, at dosages approved for therapeutic use showed to improve all behavioral symptoms in 2 forms of VaD, MID and sVaD(590), except delusions, according to University of Trieste(588).
50

The medicine, unfortunately, has been reported to induce side effects that lead to withdrawal in a significant proportion of patients(589).

b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Loss of appetite
b.3. Weight loss
b.4. Diarrhea
b.4. Dizziness
b.5. Drowsiness
b.6. Trembling
b.7. Etc.

E.2. Surgery
In case of sensory problems, surgery can be helpful.
F. Subdural hematoma is the accumulation of blood beneath the outer coveri of the brain resulted from the rupture of blood vessel(545)(546). Subdural hemorrhages may cause an increase intracranial pressure(545), induecd compression and damage to delicate brain tissue(547). Acute subdural hematoma has a high mortality rate(546). The diseases are most prevalent among elderly individuals(544).

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References
(544) Chronic subdural haematoma: modern management and emerging therapies by Kolias AG1, Chari A1, Santarius T1, Hutchinson PJ1.(PubMed)
(545) Acute subdural hematoma from bridging vein rupture: a potential mechanism for growth by Miller JD1, Nader R.(PubMed)
(546) Surgical management of traumatic acute subdural hematoma in adults: a review by Karibe H1, Hayashi T, Hirano T, Kameyama M, Nakagawa A, Tominaga T.(PubMed)
(547) Brain herniation induced by drainage of subdural hematoma in spontaneous intracranial hypotension by Chotai S1, Kim JH, Kim JH, Kwon TH.(PubMed)
(548) The influence of coagulopathy on outcome after traumatic subdural hematoma: a retrospective single-center analysis of 319 patients by Lemcke J1, Al-Zain F, von der Brelie C, Ebenau M, Meier(PubMed) 
(549)Acute Subdural Hematoma. Author: Alex Koyfman, MD; Chief Editor: Rick Kulkarni, MD more(Medscape))..
(550)[Analysis of prognostic factors for patients with traumatic acute subdural hematomas treated by surgery].[Article in Chinese]by Song C1, Ren X1, Zhao B1, Fu H1, Lin S2, Zhang Y1.(PubMed)
(551) Management and outcome of patients with acute traumatic subdural hematomas and pre-injury oral anticoagulation therapy by Senft C1, Schuster T, Forster MT, Seifert V, Gerlach R.(PubMed)
(552) Case report: treatment of subdural hematoma in the emergency department utilizing the Subdural Evacuating Port System by Asfora WT, Klapper HB.(PubMed)
(553) Subdural Hematoma Treatment & Management. Author: Richard J Meagher, MD; Chief Editor: Helmi L Lutsep, MD more..(Medscape)
(554) Chronic subdural hematoma. Surgery or mannitol treatment by Gjerris F, Schmidt K.(PubMed)
(555) Mannitol in acute traumatic brain injury by Schrot RJ1, Muizelaar JP.(PubMed)
(556) Effect of neuroprotective N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists on increased intracranial pressure: studies in the rat acute subdural hematoma model by Kuroda Y1, Fujisawa H, Strebel S, Graham DI, Bullock R.(PubMed)
(557) Methylprednisolone(Wikipedia)
(558) Effects of intracarotid injection of methylprednisolone on cellular oedema after osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier in rats by Kozler P1, Pokorný J.(PubMed)
(559)
(560) Anticonvulsants for preventing seizures in patients with chronic subdural haematoma. by Ratilal BO1, Pappamikail L, Costa J, Sampaio C.(PubMed)
(561) Low incidence of seizures in patients with chronic subdural haematoma. by Ohno K1, Maehara T, Ichimura K, Suzuki R, Hirakawa K, Monma S.(PubMed)
(562) Epilepsy in chronic subdural haematoma by Rubin G1, Rappaport ZH.(PubMed)
(563) Rifampicin(Wikipedia)
(564) Use of drains versus no drains after burr-hole evacuation of chronic subdural haematoma: a randomised controlled trial by Santarius T1, Kirkpatrick PJ, Ganesan D, Chia HL, Jalloh I, Smielewski P, Richards HK, Marcus H, Parker RA, Price SJ, Kirollos RW, Pickard JD, Hutchinson PJ(PubMed)
(565) Acute subdural hemorrhage associated with rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia. by Kang SY1, Choi JC, Kang JH, Lee JS.(PubMed)
(566) A case of acute and severe thrombocytopenia due to readministration of rifampicin by Mori M1, Izawa K, Fujikawa T, Uenami T, Sugano T, Kagami S, Namba Y, Yano Y, Yoneda T, Kitada S, Kimura H, Yamaguchi T, Yokota S, Maekura R.(PubMed)
(567) An Unreported Clindamycin Adverse Reaction: Wrist Monoarthritis(IJPR)
(568) Craniotomy(Wikipedia)
(569) Acute subdural hemorrhage associated with rifampicin-induced thrombocytopenia by Kang SY1, Choi JC, Kang JH, Lee JS.(PubMed)
(570) Chronic subdural haematoma treated by craniotomy, durectomy, outer membranectomy and subgaleal suction drainage. Personal experience in 39 patients by Mohamed EE1.(PubMed)
(571) NINDS Multi-Infarct Dementia Information Page(NIH)
(572) Vascular dementia: different forms of vessel disorders contribute to the development of dementia in the elderly brain. by Thal DR1, Grinberg LT, Attems J.(PubMed)
(573) [Vascular dementia: big effects of small lesions].[Article in French]by Gold G1, Kövari E.(PubMed)
(574) Depressive Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease and Multi-infarct Dementiaby William E. Reichman, MD.(Sagejournasl)
(575) The reversible dementias: do they reverse by Clarfield AM1.(PubMed)
(576) Vascular cognitive impairment: epidemiology, subtypes, diagnosis and management. by Black SE1.(PubMed)
(577) Clopidogrel to prevent blood clots (Grepid, Plavix)(Patient)
(578) Aspirin plus clopidogrel as secondary prevention after stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang Q1, Wang C, Zheng M, Li Y, Li J, Zhang L, Shang X, Yan C.(PubMed)
(579) [Antiplatelet agents in secondary prevention of stroke].[Article in French]by De Gautard G, Perrier A.(PubMed)
(580) Bleeding complication with dual antiplatelet therapy: spontaneous uvula hematoma by Nicholas G. Kounis, MD PhD and Periklis Davlouros, MD PhD(PMC)
(581) The long-term effects of conventional and atypical antipsychotics in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease by Lopez OL, Becker JT, Chang YF, Sweet RA, Aizenstein H, Snitz B, Saxton J, McDade E, Kamboh MI, DeKosky ST, Reynolds CF 3rd, Klunk WE.(PubMed)
(582) Threat/control-override symptoms and emotional reactions to positive symptoms as correlates of aggressive behavior in psychotic patients by Nederlof AF1, Muris P, Hovens JE.(PubMed)
(583) Two subdomains of negative symptoms in psychotic disorders: established and confirmed in two large cohorts by Liemburg E1, Castelein S, Stewart R, van der Gaag M, Aleman A, Knegtering H; Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) Investigators.(PubMed)
(584) Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics : differential risk and clinical implications. by Haddad PM1, Sharma SG.(PubMed)
(585) Neurotransmitter precursor amino acids in the treatment of multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer's disease by Meyer JS, Welch KM, Deshmukh VD, Perez FI, Jacob RH, Haufrect DB, Mathew NT, Morrell RM.(PubMed)
(586) Clonazepam treatment of multi-infarct dementia. by Smeraski PJ1.(PubMed)
(587) From high doses of oral rivastigmine to transdermal rivastigmine patches: user experience and satisfaction among caregivers of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.[Article in English, Spanish]by Reñé R1, Ricart J2, Hernández B2; researchers in the Experience study.(PubMed)
(588) Different responses to rivastigmine in subcortical vascular dementia and multi-infarct dementia. by Moretti R1, Torre P, Antonello RM, Cazzato G, Pizzolato G.(PubMed)
(589) Rivastigmine for vascular cognitive impairment by Birks J1, McGuinness B, Craig D.(PubMed)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Treatment of Dementia associated with Parkinson's disease

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatment in Conventional Medicine Perspective

C. Dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
Parkinson disease (PD) is a disabling, progressive condition induced symptoms of olfactory deficit, sleep problems such as rapid eye movement behaviour disorder, constipation and the more recently described male erectile dysfunction(456), due to the interruption of frontal-subcortical loops facilitated cognition and parallel the motor loop(457).
Contrary to common perception, many non-motor symptoms (NMS) also link to early onset of PD(459) and some may even predate the diagnosis of PD based on motor signs(458).

C.1. Treatments of Dementia Associated with Parkinson's Disease
Treatments are depending to the degree of functional and cognitive impairment, according to the suggestion of the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Task Force on Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)(480) and Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology(488)
1. Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
a. Tricyclic antidepressants nortriptyline(459) and desipramine(460) for the treatment of depression or depressive symptoms
b. Macrogol for the treatment of constipation(461)
c. Methylphenidate(462) and modafinil(463) for the treatment of fatigue
d. Amantadine for the treatment of pathological gambling(464)(465)
e. Donepezil(466)(467), galantamine(468), and memantine(470) for the treatment of dementia
f. Quetiapine(471)(472) for the treatment of psychosis
g. Fludrocortisone(473)(474) and domperidone(475)(476) for the treatment of orthostatic hypotension
h. Sildenafil(477)(478) for the treatment of erectile dysfunction
i. Ipratropium bromide spray(479)for the treatment of sialorrhea
j. Levodopa/carbidopa controlled release (CR)(481), pergolide(482), eszopiclone(483)(484), melatonin(485) 3 to 5 mg and melatonin 50 mg for the treatment of insomnia
k. Modafinil(486)(487) for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness

C.2. Treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
According to the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Task Force on Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Review of Treatments for Parkinson's Disease (PD) was first published in 2002 and updated in 2005 to cover clinical trial data up to January 2004 with the treatments on motor symptoms of PD(489), including

a. Piribedil(490)(491), pramipexole(491), pramipexole extended release(492)(493), ropinirole(491), rotigotine(494), cabergoline(491), and pergolide(491) were all efficacious as symptomatic monotherapy
b. Ropinirole prolonged release(495) was likely efficacious as a symptomatic adjunct therapy
c. Prevention/delay of motor fluctuations, pramipexole(496) and cabergoline(497) were efficacious
d. Prevention/delay of dyskinesia, pramipexole(498), ropinirole(499), ropinirole prolonged release(500), and cabergoline(501) were all efficacious, whereas pergolide(502) was likely efficacious.
e. Duodenal infusion of levodopa(502)(503) was likely efficacious in the treatment of motor complications, but the practice implication is investigational.
f. Rasagiline conclusions were revised to efficacious as a symptomatic adjunct(504), and as treatment for motor fluctuations(505).
g. Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation(506), bilateral globus pallidus stimulation(507), and unilateral pallidotomy(508) were updated to efficacious for motor complications.
h. Physical therapy(509)was revised to likely efficacious as symptomatic adjunct therapy.

C.3. Side effects
Most conventional medicine induced certain side effects. If you are taken any of these medicine, please consult your doctor. You also can search them from respectable sources. Here are some examples.
a, Macrogol(Allergic reaction (rash, itching, shortness of breath) changes in your body's fluid or electrolyte levels (swollenankles, other swelling, fatigue, dehydration, increased thirst with headache), Abdominal pain. Mild diarrhoea. Nausea. Vomiting. Swollen abdomen)(510).
b. Methylphenidate (stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite; vision problems, dizziness, mild headache; sweating, mild skin rash; numbness, tingling, or cold feeling in your hands or feet; nervous feeling, sleep problems (insomnia); or. weight loss)(511).
c. Modafinil (Black, tarry stools, blurred vision or other vision changes, chest pain, chills or fever, clumsiness or unsteadiness, confusion, dizziness or fainting, increased thirst and urination, mental depression, problems with memory, rapidly changing moods, shortness of breath, sore throat, trembling or shaking, trouble in urinating, uncontrolled movements of the face, mouth, or tongue unusual bleeding or bruising and unusual tiredness or weakness)(512).
d. Etc.

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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

References
((457) Frontal-subcortical circuitry and behavior by Bonelli RM1, Cummings JL.(PubMed)

(458) Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: diagnosis and management by Salawu FK1, Danburam A, Olokoba AB.(PubMed)
(459) Early Parkinson's disease and non-motor issues by Chaudhuri KR1, Naidu Y.(PubMed)
(460) Comparison of desipramine and cognitive/behavioral therapy in the treatment of elderly outpatients with mild-to-moderate depression by Thompson LW1, Coon DW, Gallagher-Thompson D, Sommer BR, Koin D.(PubMed)
(461) Efficacy and complications of polyethylene glycols for treatment of constipation in children: a meta-analysis by Chen SL1, Cai SR, Deng L, Zhang XH, Luo TD, Peng JJ, Xu JB, Li WF, Chen CQ, Ma JP, He YL.(PubMed)
(462) Effects of methylphenidate on fatigue and depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Kerr CW1, Drake J, Milch RA, Brazeau DA, Skretny JA, Brazeau GA, Donnelly JP.(PubMed)
(463) Pathological gambling in Parkinson disease is reduced by amantadine by Thomas A1, Bonanni L, Gambi F, Di Iorio A, Onofrj M.(PubMed)
(464) Amantadine in the treatment of pathological gambling: a case report by Pettorruso M1, Martinotti G, Di Nicola M, Onofrj M, Di Giannantonio M, Conte G, Janiri L.(PubMed)
(465) Pathological gambling in Parkinson disease is reduced by amantadine by Thomas A1, Bonanni L, Gambi F, Di Iorio A, Onofrj M.(PubMed)
(466) Long-term efficacy of donepezil for relapse of visual hallucinations in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. by Ukai K1, Fujishiro H, Iritani S, Ozaki N.(PubMed)
(467) Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease by Birks J1, Harvey RJ.(PubMed)
(468) The effect of galantamine on brain atrophy rate in subjects with mild cognitive impairment is modified by apolipoprotein E genotype: post-hoc analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial by7 Prins ND1, van der Flier WA1, Knol DL2, Fox NC3, Brashear HR4, Nye JS5, Barkhof F6, Scheltens P7.(PubMed)
(469) Galantamine versus risperidone treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with probable dementia: an open randomized trial by Freund-Levi Y1, Jedenius E2, Tysen-Bäckström AC3, Lärksäter M3, Wahlund LO4, Eriksdotter M4.(PubMed)
(470) Treatment effect of memantine on survival in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia: a prospective study by Stubendorff K1, Larsson V2, Ballard C3, Minthon L2, Aarsland D4, Londos E2.(PubMed)
(471) Comparison of metabolic effects of aripiprazole, quetiapine and ziprasidone after 12 weeks of treatment in first treated episode of psychosis by Pérez-Iglesias R1, Ortiz-Garcia de la Foz V2, Martínez García O2, Amado JA3, Garcia-Unzueta MT4, Ayesa-Arriola R2, Suarez-Pinilla P5, Tabares-Seisdedos R6,Crespo-Facorro B2.(PubMed)
(472) Efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in the treatment of early psychosis: a randomized, double-blind 52-week comparison by McEvoy JP1, Lieberman JA, Perkins DO, Hamer RM, Gu H, Lazarus A, Sweitzer D, Olexy C, Weiden P, Strakowski SD.(PubMed)
(473) Nonpharmacological treatment, fludrocortisone, and domperidone for orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease by Schoffer KL1, Henderson RD, O'Maley K, O'Sullivan JD.(PubMed)
(474) [Reflex syncope and syncope secondary to orthostatic hypotension].[Article in German] by Simonis G1, Gerk U, Pabst F, Machetanz J, Spitzer SG, Schellong S.(PubMed)
(475) Domperidone in the management of orthostatic hypotension by Montastruc JL, Chamontin B, Senard JM, Rascol A.(PubMed)
(476) [Arterial hypertension with orthostatic hypotension caused by dysregulation of the baroreflex. Correction with domperidone and verapamil].[Article in French]by Chamontin B, Villeneuve A, Berlan M, Montastruc JL, Salvador M.(PubMed)
(477) Effect of sildenafil on platelet function and platelet cGMP of patients with erectile dysfunction. by Akand M1, Gencer E, Yaman O, Erişgen G, Tekin D, Ozdiler E.(PubMed)
(478) Sublingual sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: faster onset of action with less dose. by Deveci S1, Peşkircioğlu L, Aygün C, Tekin MI, Dirim A, Ozkardeş H.(PubMed)
(479) Ipratropium bromide spray as treatment for sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease. by Thomsen TR1, Galpern WR, Asante A, Arenovich T, Fox SH.(PubMed)
(480) The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease by Seppi K1, Weintraub D, Coelho M, Perez-Lloret S, Fox SH, Katzenschlager R, Hametner EM, Poewe W, Rascol O, Goetz CG, Sampaio C.(PubMed)
(481) Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease by Stocchi F1, Barbato L, Nordera G, Berardelli A, Ruggieri S.(PubMed)
(482) Daytime sleepiness and alertness in patients with Parkinson disease by Stevens S1, Cormella CL, Stepanski EJ.(PubMed)
(483) The impact of eszopiclone on sleep and cognition in patients with schizophrenia and insomnia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Tek C1, Palmese LB2, Krystal AD3, Srihari VH2, DeGeorge PC4, Reutenauer EL2, Guloksuz S2.(PubMed)
(484) A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of eszopiclone 2 mg on sleep/wake function in older adults with primary and comorbid insomnia by Ancoli-Israel S1, Krystal AD, McCall WV, Schaefer K, Wilson A, Claus R, Rubens R, Roth T.(PubMed)
(485) Melatonin in elderly patients with insomnia. A systematic review by Olde Rikkert MG1, Rigaud AS.(PubMed)
(486) Modafinil in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness by Valentino RM1, Foldvary-Schaefer N.(PubMed)
(487) Modafinil : a review of its use in excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and shift work sleep disorder by Keating GM1, Raffin MJ.(PubMed)
(488) Practice Parameter: Treatment of nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease
Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology by T. A.Zesiewicz, MD, FAAN, K. L. Sullivan, MSPH, I. Arnulf, MD, K. R. Chaudhuri, MD, J. C.Morgan, MD, PhD, G. S. Gronseth, MD, FAAN, J. Miyasaki, MD, MEd, FAAN, D. J. Iverson, MD, FAAN and W. J. Weiner, MD(Neurology)

(489) The Movement Disorder Society Evidence-Based Medicine Review Update: Treatments for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease by Fox SH1, Katzenschlager R, Lim SY, Ravina B, Seppi K, Coelho M, Poewe W, Rascol O, Goetz CG, Sampaio C.(PubMed)

(490) Transdermal administration of piribedil reverses MPTP-induced motor deficits in the common marmoset by Smith LA1, Jackson MG, Bonhomme C, Chezaubernard C, Pearce RK, Jenner P.(PubMed)

(491) Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease by Deleu D1, Northway MG, Hanssens Y.(PubMed)

(492) Role and clinical utility of pramipexole extended release in the treatment of early Parkinson's disease by Hametner EM1, Seppi K, Poewe W.(PubMed)

(493) Pramipexole extended-release: a review of its use in patients with Parkinson's disease by Frampton JE1.(PubMed)

(494) Role of dopamine receptor agonists in the treatment of early Parkinson's disease. by Bonuccelli U1, Del Dotto P, Rascol O.(PubMed).

(495) Long-term, open-label, safety study of once-daily ropinirole extended/prolonged release in early and advanced Parkinson's disease by Makumi CW1, Asgharian A, Ellis J, Shaikh S, Jimenez T, VanMeter S.(PubMed)

(496) Pramipexole and its extended release formulation for Parkinson's disease by Fishman PS1.(PubMed)

(497) [Dopamine agonists in the treatment of motor complications in advanced Parkinson's disease].[Article in Polish] by Sławek J1.(PubMed)

(498) Long-term safety and sustained efficacy of extended-release pramipexole in early and advanced Parkinson's disease by Hauser RA, Schapira AH, Barone P, Mizuno Y, Rascol O, Busse M, Debieuvre C, Fraessdorf M, Poewe W; Pramipexole ER Studies Group.(PubMed)

(499) A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa by Rascol O1, Brooks DJ, Korczyn AD, De Deyn PP, Clarke CE, Lang AE.(PubMed)

(500) Economic evaluation of ropinirole prolonged release for treatment of Parkinson's disease in the Netherlands by van Boven JF1, Novak A, Driessen MT, Boersma C, Boomsma MM, Postma MJ.(PubMed)

(501) Risk of heart failure following treatment with dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease patients by Perez-Lloret S1, Rey MV, Crispo J, Krewski D, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Montastruc JL, Rascol O.(PubMed)
(502) Interaction of pergolide with central dopaminergic receptors. by Goldstein M, Lieberman A, Lew JY, Asano T, Rosenfeld MR, Makman MH.(PubMed)
(503) Medical management of levodopa-associated motor complications in patients with Parkinson's disease by Jankovic J1, Stacy M.(PubMed)
(504) [Rasagiline in monotherapy in patients with early stages of Parkinson's disease and in combined and adjunct therapy to levodopa with moderate and advanced stages].[Article in Spanish] by Pagonabarraga J1, Rodríguez-Oroz MC.(PubMed)
(505) Rasagiline: a review of its use in the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. by McCormack PL1.(PubMed)
(506) Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: evidence for effectiveness and limitations from 12 years' experience. by Movement Disorder Group, Chan AY1, Yeung JH2, Mok VC1, Ip VH1, Wong A1, Kuo SH3, Chan DT4, Zhu XL4, Wong E4, Lau CK4, Wong RK5, Tang V6, Lau C1,Poon WS4.(PubMed)
(507) Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: subthalamic nucleus versus globus pallidus internus by Krause M1, Fogel W, Heck A, Hacke W, Bonsanto M, Trenkwalder C, Tronnier V.(PubMed)
(508) Bilateral pallidotomy for treatment of Parkinson's disease induced corticobulbar syndrome and psychic akinesia avoidable by globus pallidus lesion combined with contralateral stimulation by Merello M1, Starkstein S, Nouzeilles MI, Kuzis G, Leiguarda R.(PubMed)
(509) Maintenance ECT in the treatment of PD. Therapy improves psychotic symptoms, physical function by Shulman RB1.(PubMed)
(510) Medicines & treatments centre(WebMD)
(511) Ritalin Side Effects Center(WebMD)
(512) Modafinil Side Effects(Drug.com)

The 2nd edition of The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia under The Microscope of Conventional Medicine: Treatment of Dementia associated to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Abstract
Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies. The aim of this essay is to provide accurate information of how effective of holistic medicine in prevention, management and treatment of dementia through searching data base of PubMed.
This is the third time, a research paper has been written this way to general public that you will not find any where in the net.

Dementia is a neuropsychiatric disorder induced of cognitive impairment and behavioral disturbances. The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common, with a progressive loss of memory and other mental abilities, affecting a person's ability to perform usual tasks in everyday life.

Treatment in Conventional Medicine Perspective

D. Dementia associated to Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
People who have eaten contaminated beef in a prolonged period of times may be infected by infectious agent prion(514) without even knowing it. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is a quickly progressing and fatal disease(513) inducing dementia(515), especially in elder(516), causing degeneration of skeletal muscle, peripheral nerves(517) linked to mutations in the PrP gene(518). CJD is characterized by rapidly progressive dementia(513)(519). Initially, individuals experience of epilepsy seizure(519), problems with muscular coordination(522); cognitive change (loss of motor planning, loss of motor functioning's, inability to speak)(519), such as impaired memory(521), loss of functional independence(523) and impaired vision(520). People with the disease also may experience insomnia(524)(525), depression(526)(527), or unusual sensations(522).

Treatments of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
There is no treatment that can cure or control CJD. The available treatments are to relieve the symptoms and may help slow the disease.
1. Interleukins
a. Interleukins is defined as any group of naturally occurring proteins that mediate communication between cells(528), produced by while blood cells. The set of interleukins stimulated by a specific infectious agent in determined cells in responding to the infection and influences(528) through its modulated inflammation and immune response.(529).
According to University Hospital Göttingen, interleukin 10 levels, inflammatory cytokines(530) were significantly elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of CJD, dementia, motoneuron disease patients through it inflammatory cytokines(529). Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)(532) and prostaglandins (PGs)(533) are the most conventional medicine used to treat neurotoxiticy in acute conditions, including in inflammatory chronic diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)(531).

b. Common side effects are not limit to
b.1. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
b.1.1 Insomnia,
b.1.2 Abdominal pain,
b.1.3. Flatulence (gas),
b.1.4. Headache ,
b.1.5. Nausea and diarrhea.

b.2. Prostaglandins (PGs)
b.2. Dizziness
b.2.2. Fainting
b.2.3. Irregular heartbeat or pulse•
b.2.4. Slow heartbeat

2. Other medication
2.1. Quinacrine
a. Quinacrine used for treatment of giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia(535) may be a potential medicine for treatment of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD)(536)(537), according to a report in The Mail on Sunday 12 August 2001, entitled "Briton 'cured' in CJD drug trial"(534).
Although Quinacrine at a dose of 300 mg per day was reasonably tolerated, it did not induce significantly affect in course of prion diseases(537), including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD(538)(539).
b. Most common side effects are not limit to
b.1. Abdominal and cramps
b.2. Diarrhea
b.3. Fever
b.4. Headache
b.5. loss of appetite
b.6. Changes in menstrual flow
b.7. Nausea and vomiting

2.2. Gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine and serotonin
a. Other medication used to control aggressive and uncontrolled behavior, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid(541)(542)(543) with functions of inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system(540), (541)(543). Dopamine and serotonin(542)(543) also functioning as a neurotransmitter may be helpful.
b. Common side effects are not limit to
b.1. Gamma-aminobutyric acid
b.1.1. Anxiety
b..2.2. Dizziness
b.1.3.Drowsiness
b.1.4 dry mouth
b.1.5. Blurred vision
b.1.6. Constipation
b.1.7. Irritation
b.1.8. Joint or muscle pain
b.1.9. Increased appetite

b.2. Dopamine
b.2.1. Fast heartbeat
b.2.2. Headache
b.2.3. Nausea
b.2.4. Vomiting

b.3.. Serotonin
b.3.1. Feeling agitated, shaky or anxious
b.3.2. Indigestion
b.3.3. Diarrhea or constipation
b.3.4. Loss of appetite
b.3.5. Weight loss
b.3.6. Dizziness
b.3.7. Blurred vision
b.3.8. Excessive sweating
b.3.9. Insomnia
b.3.10. Dry mouth

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References
(513) Human prion diseases: from Kuru to variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by Sikorska B1, Liberski PP.(PubMed)
(514) An overview of human prion diseases by Imran M1, Mahmood S.(PubMed)
(515) Rapidly progressive dementia: prion diseases and other rapid dementias by Geschwind MD.(PubMed)
(516) Neuroimaging of rapidly progressive dementias, part 1: neurodegenerative etiologies by Degnan AJ1, Levy LM.(PubMed)
(517) Degeneration of skeletal muscle, peripheral nerves, and the central nervous system in transgenic mice overexpressing wild-type prion proteins by Westaway D1, DeArmond SJ, Cayetano-Canlas J, Groth D, Foster D, Yang SL, Torchia M, Carlson GA, Prusiner SB.(PubMed)
(518) Prion protein transgenes and the neuropathology in prion diseases by DeArmond SJ1, Prusiner SB.(PubMed)
(519) [Differential diagnosis of status epilepticus in intensive care: about one case of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob].[Article in French] by Chauvin A1, Dubost JL2, Cleophax C2, Niclot P3, Thuong M2.(PubMed)
(520) Prion protein accumulation in eyes of patients with sporadic and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by Head MW1, Northcott V, Rennison K, Ritchie D, McCardle L, Bunn TJ, McLennan NF, Ironside JW, Tullo AB, Bonshek RE.(PubMed)
(521) Fast progressive memory loss in a 63-year-old man by De Smet K1, De Maeseneer M, Amir TY, De Mey J.(PubMed)
(522) Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Fact Sheet(NIH)
(523) Accuracy of diagnostic criteria for sporadic creutzfeldt-jakob disease among rapidly progressive dementia by Tagliapietra M1, Zanusso G, Fiorini M, Bonetto N, Zarantonello G, Zambon A, Ermani M, Monaco S, Manara R, Cagnin A.(PubMed)
(524) Hereditary Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and fatal familial insomnia by Gambetti P1, Parchi P, Chen SG.(PubMed)
(525) Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and fatal familial insomnia: insights into phenotypic variability and disease pathogenesis. by Capellari S1, Strammiello R, Saverioni D, Kretzschmar H, Parchi P.;(PubMed)
(526) Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting as major depression by Jiang TT1, Moses H, Gordon H, Obah E.(PubMed)
(527) [Course of anxiety, depression, and quality of life in relatives of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Disease][Article in German]by Riedemann C1, Zerr I, Kropp S, Otto A, Poser S, Herrmann C.(PubMed)
(528) Interleukin (IL) Protein Written by: The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica
(529) Interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 levels are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by Stoeck K1, Bodemer M, Ciesielczyk B, Meissner B, Bartl M, Heinemann U, Zerr I.(PubMed)
(530) The role of inflammatory cytokines as key modulators of neurogenesis by Borsini A1, Zunszain PA1, Thuret S2, Pariante CM3.(PubMed)

(531) Role of COX-2 in inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases. by Minghetti L1(PubMed)
(532) Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases by Minghetti L1.(PubMed)
(533)  Prostaglandins and cyclooxygenases in glial cells during brain inflammation by Tzeng SF1, Hsiao HY, Mak OT.(PubMed)
(534) Briton cured in CJD drug trial by ANDREW CHAPMAN, (Mail on line)
(535) Treatment of Giardiasis by Timothy B. Gardner and David R. Hill(PMC)
(536) Quinacrine treatment trial for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by Geschwind MD1, Kuo AL, Wong KS, Haman A, Devereux G, Raudabaugh BJ, Johnson DY, Torres-Chae CC, Finley R, Garcia P, Thai JN, Cheng HQ, Neuhaus JM, Forner SA, Duncan JL, Possin KL, Dearmond SJ, Prusiner SB, Miller BL.(PubMed)
(537) Safety and efficacy of quinacrine in human prion disease (PRION-1 study): a patient-preference trial by Collinge J1, Gorham M, Hudson F, Kennedy A, Keogh G, Pal S, Rossor M, Rudge P, Siddique D, Spyer M, Thomas D, Walker S, Webb T, Wroe S, Darbyshire J.(PubMed)
(538) Quinacrine treatment trial for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by Geschwind MD1, Kuo AL, Wong KS, Haman A, Devereux G, Raudabaugh BJ, Johnson DY, Torres-Chae CC, Finley R, Garcia P, Thai JN, Cheng HQ, Neuhaus JM, Forner SA, Duncan JL, Possin KL, Dearmond SJ, Prusiner SB, Miller BL.(PubMed)
(539) Compassionate use of quinacrine in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease fails to show significant effects by Haïk S1, Brandel JP, Salomon D, Sazdovitch V, Delasnerie-Lauprêtre N, Laplanche JL, Faucheux BA, Soubrié C, Boher E, Belorgey C, Hauw JJ, Alpérovitch A.(PubMed)
(540) gamma-Aminobutyric acid(Wikipedia)
(541) Alterations of neurotransmitter norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid correlate with murine behavioral perturbations related to bisphenol A exposure by Ogi H1, Itoh K2, Ikegaya H3, Fushiki S1.(PubMed)
(542) Social and neural determinants of aggressive behavior: pharmacotherapeutic targets at serotonin, dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid systems by Miczek KA1, Fish EW, De Bold JF, De Almeida RM.(PubMed)
(543) Escalated aggressive behavior: dopamine, serotonin and GABA by de Almeida RM1, Ferrari PF, Parmigiani S, Miczek KA.(PubMed)