Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
Posted By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research
papers have been written and published on line, including world wide
health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best
before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by
Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington
Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as
international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
The $5 takeout cookbook (Good, cheap food for when you want to eat in)
by Rhonda Lauret Parkinson, Margaret Kaeter, Belinda Hulin, and Jennifer
Malott Kotylo, published by Adam media, Avon, Massachusetts.
Total cost; $4.11
1 pound ground pork
1/2 tablespoon paprika
1/2 teaspoon ground black pepper
1/2 teas[poon dried oregano
1/2 teaspoon ground cumin
1/8 teaspoon ground coriander
1/3 cup vinegar
1/2 teaspoon garlic powder
1 tablespoon salt
1 tablespoon cayenne paper
1. Place all the ingredients in a large mixing bowl. Mix with your hand until all ingredients are well blended
2. Place in an airtight container. refrigerate for at least 2 days.
3. Form into patties for frying.
For other Healthy Kid loved recipes http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/recipes.html
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Friday, 6 March 2015
Thursday, 5 March 2015
Letter to Imperialism with different ideologies by 林軍碩
According to the resource, the below lost poem was written by 林軍碩, on Feb. 1975. With bloods and tears, he expressed his disgusting of imperialism who tried to defend their ideologies and benefits of governors classes by induced war in his country. Mr. 林, the former editor of department of Chinese literature studies news at university of Minh Duc, faculty of Humanity and Social sciences, at ages of 18, was one of the well known poem writer between 1974 - 1975 in Saigon, south Vietnam, before communist taking power. He also involved in many charitable events in assisting the refugees to rebuild their homelands in the War zone(1974-1975). Loved by his Chao Zhou community lead by Mr. 陳城, Mr. 林, was considered by his community as one of the best next generation leaders at that tine.
The Reader Guide To Cure Candidiasis: Symptoms and Risk Factors with References
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
What is Candida Albicans
Candida albican is a member of a large group of micro organisms whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast(2)(3), fungi(4)(5)(6), and mold(6) that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. In fact, under normal circumstances, Candida albicans that does not cause harmful effects, but overgrowth results in candidiasis. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species cause 35-65% of all candidaemias in the general patient population(1). According to joint study, in many cases, biofilm(microorganisms with cells stick to each other on a surface) formation(7) gene mutations(8) and overexpression of genes(9)(10) are often associated with increased Candida resistance toward antifungal agents.
Symptoms of Candidiasis
Depending to types and places of infection, you may experience some of the below symptoms.
1. Salivary changes included low hydration level, high saliva viscosity, below-average pH, reduced salivary flow and low saliva buffer capacity, according to "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy(20).
2. Persistence drowsiness
3. Lack of coordination
4. Headaches
5. Mood swing
6. Loss of balance
7. Rashes
8. Mucus in stool
9. Betching and wind
10. Bad breath
11. Dry mouth
12. Postnasal drop
13. Nasal itch and/or congestion
14. Nervous irritability
15. Dry mouth or throat
16. Ear sensitive or fluid in ear
17. Heartburn and indigestion
18. Symptoms worse in damp day
19. Etc.
Risk Factors of Candidiasis
1. Age
Human aging is a biological process. As we age, our immune system is no longer function properly(24)(25) in regulating the balance of microorganisms in the body(22) due to free radicals accumulated(23) over the year. Through weakening the toll-like receptors which plays an important role in the innate immune system. and natural killer cell may induce the onset or progression of candidiasis(21).
2. Chronic illness
Chronic illness, such as immunodeficiency(29), chronic liver diseases(30), diabetes(31)(32)(34), obesity(33)(34) weakens the defense system in regulating the microorganism(26)(27) in the digestive track, leading to over growth of candida(28).
3. Use of catheters(34)
Catheters is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel allowing drainage, administration of fluids or gases, or access by surgical instruments. Use of catheter might sometime provides the candida(35)(36)with a deeper, easy for organisms to get to site foe easy multiplying
4. Inhalant medicine
Repeated use of the steroid inhalant such as residual inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) on the oral mucosa can result in the development of fungal overgrowth(37)(38) induced candidiasis(39).
5. Radiotherapy
Candidiasis is also seen in people who have undergone radiotherapy treatment for cancer or as a side effect of certain types of medication(40)(41)(42).
6. Low level of stomach acids
Low level of stomach acids increase the presence of undigested food in the small intestine and colon, causing an overgrowth of harmful bacteria and microorganism, leading to candida(43)(44).
7. Pregnancy
Studies have shown that pregnant women are more susceptible to candida infections(45)(46) than any other time in their lives, due to weakened immune system and changes in hormonal status(47), especially in the second trimester(48).
9. Drug used for controlling intestinal flora
Antibiotic drugs induced antibiotic-induced changes in the bacterial microbiome may lead to C. albicans colonization(55)and exhibit severely impairing digestion(56)(57) and assimilation of nutrients(58) induced fatigue, aggression, depression and toxicity.
9. Women who have sex with women
According to Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University College, the odds of candidiasis are proportionally associated to with sexual activity between women(51)
as bacterial vaginosis (BV) may be sexually transmitted between women(52).
10. Etc.
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/
References
(1) Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungaemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance by Krcmery V1, Barnes AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Pathogenicity and drug resistance in Candida albicans and other yeast species. A review by Mishra NN1, Prasad T, Sharma N, Payasi A, Prasad R, Gupta DK, Singh R.(PubMed)
(3) Multidrug resistance in yeast Candida by Prasad R1, Kapoor K.(PubMerd)
(4) New evidence that Candida albicans possesses additional ATP-binding cassette MDR-like genes: implications for antifungal azole resistance. by Walsh TJ1, Kasai M, Francesconi A, Landsman D, Chanock SJ.(PubMed)
(5) Mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans isolates from AIDS patients involve specific multidrug transporters.by Sanglard D1, Kuchler K, Ischer F, Pagani JL, Monod M, Bille J.(PubMed)
(6) Structural analysis of phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes isolated from yeast and mold form cells of Candida albicans NIH A-207 serotype A strain by Shibata N1, Fukasawa S, Kobayashi H, Tojo M, Yonezu T, Ambo A, Ohkubo Y, Suzuki S.(PubMed)
(7) The effect of antifungal combination on transcripts of a subset of drug-resistance genes in clinical isolates of Candida species induced biofilms by Ibrahim NH1, Melake NA2, Somily AM3, Zakaria AS4, Baddour MM5, Mahmoud AZ6(PubMed)
(8) Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. by Vanden Bossche H1, Dromer F, Improvisi I, Lozano-Chiu M, Rex JH, Sanglard D.(PubMed)
(9) The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicans by Morschhäuser J1.(PubMed)
(10) A proteomic approach to understanding the development of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans strains by Kusch H1, Biswas K, Schwanfelder S, Engelmann S, Rogers PD, Hecker M, Morschhäuser J.(PubMed)
(23) Enzymatic dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I of the Candida albicans goa1 mutant is associated with increased reactive oxidants and cell death by Li D1, Chen H, Florentino A, Alex D, Sikorski P, Fonzi WA, Calderone R.(PubMed)
(24) The role of nutrition in enhancing immunity in aging by Pae M1, Meydani SN, Wu D.(PubMed)
(25) As we age: Does slippage of quality control in the immune system lead to collateral damage? by Müller L1, Pawelec G2.(PubMed)
(26)The prevalence of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection compared with serious bacterial illness in hospitalized neonates by Caviness AC1, Demmler GJ, Almendarez Y, Selwyn BJ.(PubMed)
(27) Rhinovirus infection associated with serious illness among pediatric patients by McMillan JA1, Weiner LB, Higgins AM, Macknight K.(PubMed)
(28) Burden of Fungal Disease - Ireland by Dorgan E1, Denning DW2, McMullan R3.(PubMed)
(29) Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy and other primary immunodeficiency diseases help to resolve the nature of protective immunity against chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis by Kisand K1, Peterson P.(PubMed)
(30) Candidiasis and other oral mucosal lesions during and after interferon therapy for HCV-related chronic liver diseases by Nagao Y1, Hashimoto K, Sata M.(PubMed)
(31) Oral candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus: a thorough analysis by Bartholomew GA1, Rodu B, Bell DS.(PubMed)
(32) Prevalence of Candida in the oral cavity of diabetic subjects by Kumar BV1, Padshetty NS, Bai KY, Rao MS.(PubMed)
(33) Candida albicans colonization on an intragastric balloon by Kotzampassi K1, Vasilaki O, Stefanidou C, Grosomanidis V.(PubMed)
(34) Incidence of Candida species isolated from human skin and nails: a survey by Jautová J1, Virágová S, Ondrasovic M, Holoda E.(PubMed)
(35) Pulmonary vascular candidiasis and use of central venous catheters in neonates by Knox WF, Hooton VN, Barson AJ.(PubMed)
(36) [Could antifungal lock be useful in the management of candidiasis linked with catheters?].[Article in French] by Cateau E1, Rodier MH, Imbert C.(PubMed)
(37) Posterior pharyngeal candidiasis in the absence of clinically overt oral involvement: a cross-sectional study by Glavey SV1, Keane N, Power M, O'Regan AW.(PubMed)
(38) Once-daily fluticasone furoate is efficacious in patients with symptomatic asthma on low-dose inhaled corticosteroids by Bleecker ER1, Bateman ED, Busse WW, Woodcock A, Frith L, House KW, Jacques L, Davis AM, Haumann B, Lötvall J.(PubMed)
(39) Influence of dentures on residual inhaled corticosteroids in the mouths of elderly asthma patients by Ohbayashi H1, Adachi M.(PubMed)
(40) [Oropharyngeal candidiasis and radiotherapy].
(50) Risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis: a case-control study among university students by Geiger AM1, Foxman B.(PubMed)
(51) Vulvovaginal candidiasis in women who have sex with women by Bailey JV1, Benato R, Owen C, Kavanagh J.(PubMed)
(52) Bacterial vaginosis in lesbians and bisexual women by Bailey JV1, Farquhar C, Owen C.(PubMed)
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
What is Candida Albicans
Candida albican is a member of a large group of micro organisms whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast(2)(3), fungi(4)(5)(6), and mold(6) that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. In fact, under normal circumstances, Candida albicans that does not cause harmful effects, but overgrowth results in candidiasis. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species cause 35-65% of all candidaemias in the general patient population(1). According to joint study, in many cases, biofilm(microorganisms with cells stick to each other on a surface) formation(7) gene mutations(8) and overexpression of genes(9)(10) are often associated with increased Candida resistance toward antifungal agents.
Symptoms of Candidiasis
Depending to types and places of infection, you may experience some of the below symptoms.
1. Salivary changes included low hydration level, high saliva viscosity, below-average pH, reduced salivary flow and low saliva buffer capacity, according to "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy(20).
2. Persistence drowsiness
3. Lack of coordination
4. Headaches
5. Mood swing
6. Loss of balance
7. Rashes
8. Mucus in stool
9. Betching and wind
10. Bad breath
11. Dry mouth
12. Postnasal drop
13. Nasal itch and/or congestion
14. Nervous irritability
15. Dry mouth or throat
16. Ear sensitive or fluid in ear
17. Heartburn and indigestion
18. Symptoms worse in damp day
19. Etc.
Risk Factors of Candidiasis
1. Age
Human aging is a biological process. As we age, our immune system is no longer function properly(24)(25) in regulating the balance of microorganisms in the body(22) due to free radicals accumulated(23) over the year. Through weakening the toll-like receptors which plays an important role in the innate immune system. and natural killer cell may induce the onset or progression of candidiasis(21).
2. Chronic illness
Chronic illness, such as immunodeficiency(29), chronic liver diseases(30), diabetes(31)(32)(34), obesity(33)(34) weakens the defense system in regulating the microorganism(26)(27) in the digestive track, leading to over growth of candida(28).
3. Use of catheters(34)
Catheters is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel allowing drainage, administration of fluids or gases, or access by surgical instruments. Use of catheter might sometime provides the candida(35)(36)with a deeper, easy for organisms to get to site foe easy multiplying
4. Inhalant medicine
Repeated use of the steroid inhalant such as residual inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) on the oral mucosa can result in the development of fungal overgrowth(37)(38) induced candidiasis(39).
5. Radiotherapy
Candidiasis is also seen in people who have undergone radiotherapy treatment for cancer or as a side effect of certain types of medication(40)(41)(42).
6. Low level of stomach acids
Low level of stomach acids increase the presence of undigested food in the small intestine and colon, causing an overgrowth of harmful bacteria and microorganism, leading to candida(43)(44).
7. Pregnancy
Studies have shown that pregnant women are more susceptible to candida infections(45)(46) than any other time in their lives, due to weakened immune system and changes in hormonal status(47), especially in the second trimester(48).
9. Drug used for controlling intestinal flora
Antibiotic drugs induced antibiotic-induced changes in the bacterial microbiome may lead to C. albicans colonization(55)and exhibit severely impairing digestion(56)(57) and assimilation of nutrients(58) induced fatigue, aggression, depression and toxicity.
9. Women who have sex with women
According to Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University College, the odds of candidiasis are proportionally associated to with sexual activity between women(51)
as bacterial vaginosis (BV) may be sexually transmitted between women(52).
10. Etc.
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/
References
(1) Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungaemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance by Krcmery V1, Barnes AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Pathogenicity and drug resistance in Candida albicans and other yeast species. A review by Mishra NN1, Prasad T, Sharma N, Payasi A, Prasad R, Gupta DK, Singh R.(PubMed)
(3) Multidrug resistance in yeast Candida by Prasad R1, Kapoor K.(PubMerd)
(4) New evidence that Candida albicans possesses additional ATP-binding cassette MDR-like genes: implications for antifungal azole resistance. by Walsh TJ1, Kasai M, Francesconi A, Landsman D, Chanock SJ.(PubMed)
(5) Mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans isolates from AIDS patients involve specific multidrug transporters.by Sanglard D1, Kuchler K, Ischer F, Pagani JL, Monod M, Bille J.(PubMed)
(6) Structural analysis of phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes isolated from yeast and mold form cells of Candida albicans NIH A-207 serotype A strain by Shibata N1, Fukasawa S, Kobayashi H, Tojo M, Yonezu T, Ambo A, Ohkubo Y, Suzuki S.(PubMed)
(7) The effect of antifungal combination on transcripts of a subset of drug-resistance genes in clinical isolates of Candida species induced biofilms by Ibrahim NH1, Melake NA2, Somily AM3, Zakaria AS4, Baddour MM5, Mahmoud AZ6(PubMed)
(8) Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. by Vanden Bossche H1, Dromer F, Improvisi I, Lozano-Chiu M, Rex JH, Sanglard D.(PubMed)
(9) The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicans by Morschhäuser J1.(PubMed)
(10) A proteomic approach to understanding the development of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans strains by Kusch H1, Biswas K, Schwanfelder S, Engelmann S, Rogers PD, Hecker M, Morschhäuser J.(PubMed)
(20) Salivary changes related to systemic diseases in the edentulous patients by Preoteasa E1, Tâncu A1, Iosif L1, Melescanu Imre M1, Murariu-Măgureanu C1, Preoteasa C2.(PubMed)
(21) Age-related alteration of expression and function of TLRs and NK activity in oral candidiasis by Oouchi M1, Hasebe A, Hata H, Segawa T, Yamazaki Y, Yosida Y, Kitagawa Y, Shibata KI.(PubMed)
(22) Treatment of invasive candidiasis in the elderly: a review by Flevari A1, Theodorakopoulou M, Velegraki A, Armaganidis A, Dimopoulos G.(PubMed)(21) Age-related alteration of expression and function of TLRs and NK activity in oral candidiasis by Oouchi M1, Hasebe A, Hata H, Segawa T, Yamazaki Y, Yosida Y, Kitagawa Y, Shibata KI.(PubMed)
(23) Enzymatic dysfunction of mitochondrial complex I of the Candida albicans goa1 mutant is associated with increased reactive oxidants and cell death by Li D1, Chen H, Florentino A, Alex D, Sikorski P, Fonzi WA, Calderone R.(PubMed)
(24) The role of nutrition in enhancing immunity in aging by Pae M1, Meydani SN, Wu D.(PubMed)
(25) As we age: Does slippage of quality control in the immune system lead to collateral damage? by Müller L1, Pawelec G2.(PubMed)
(26)The prevalence of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection compared with serious bacterial illness in hospitalized neonates by Caviness AC1, Demmler GJ, Almendarez Y, Selwyn BJ.(PubMed)
(27) Rhinovirus infection associated with serious illness among pediatric patients by McMillan JA1, Weiner LB, Higgins AM, Macknight K.(PubMed)
(28) Burden of Fungal Disease - Ireland by Dorgan E1, Denning DW2, McMullan R3.(PubMed)
(29) Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy and other primary immunodeficiency diseases help to resolve the nature of protective immunity against chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis by Kisand K1, Peterson P.(PubMed)
(30) Candidiasis and other oral mucosal lesions during and after interferon therapy for HCV-related chronic liver diseases by Nagao Y1, Hashimoto K, Sata M.(PubMed)
(31) Oral candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus: a thorough analysis by Bartholomew GA1, Rodu B, Bell DS.(PubMed)
(32) Prevalence of Candida in the oral cavity of diabetic subjects by Kumar BV1, Padshetty NS, Bai KY, Rao MS.(PubMed)
(33) Candida albicans colonization on an intragastric balloon by Kotzampassi K1, Vasilaki O, Stefanidou C, Grosomanidis V.(PubMed)
(34) Incidence of Candida species isolated from human skin and nails: a survey by Jautová J1, Virágová S, Ondrasovic M, Holoda E.(PubMed)
(35) Pulmonary vascular candidiasis and use of central venous catheters in neonates by Knox WF, Hooton VN, Barson AJ.(PubMed)
(36) [Could antifungal lock be useful in the management of candidiasis linked with catheters?].[Article in French] by Cateau E1, Rodier MH, Imbert C.(PubMed)
(37) Posterior pharyngeal candidiasis in the absence of clinically overt oral involvement: a cross-sectional study by Glavey SV1, Keane N, Power M, O'Regan AW.(PubMed)
(38) Once-daily fluticasone furoate is efficacious in patients with symptomatic asthma on low-dose inhaled corticosteroids by Bleecker ER1, Bateman ED, Busse WW, Woodcock A, Frith L, House KW, Jacques L, Davis AM, Haumann B, Lötvall J.(PubMed)
(39) Influence of dentures on residual inhaled corticosteroids in the mouths of elderly asthma patients by Ohbayashi H1, Adachi M.(PubMed)
(40) [Oropharyngeal candidiasis and radiotherapy].
[Article in French] by Pinel B1, Cassou-Mounat T, Bensadoun RJ.(PubMed)
(41) Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis, herpes simplex virus-1 infection, and oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mouthwash by Nicolatou-Galitis O1, Dardoufas K, Markoulatos P, Sotiropoulou-Lontou A, Kyprianou K, Kolitsi G, Pissakas G, Skarleas C, Kouloulias V, Papanicolaou V, Legakis NJ, Velegraki A.(PubMed)
(42) Risk factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients who receive radiation therapy for malignant conditions of the head and neck by Epstein JB1, Freilich MM, Le ND.(PubMed)
(43) Low stomach acid can cause Candida by Dr. D ND
(44) Candida and stomach acid connection by Cure zone
(45) Topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis (thrush) in pregnancy by Young GL1, Jewell D.(PubMed)
(46) Treatment of vaginal candidiasis in pregnancy with a single clotrimazole 500 mg vaginal pessary by Lindeque BG, van Niekerk WA.(PubMed)
(47) Study results on the use of different therapies for the treatment of vaginitis in hospitalised pregnant women by Novakov Mikić A1, Stojic S.(PubMed)
(48) Vulvovaginitis candidiasis recurrence during pregnancy by Fardiazar Z1, Ronaci F, Torab R, Goldust M.(PubMed)
(49) The epidemiology of vulvovaginal candidiasis among university studentsby Geiger AM1, Foxman B, Gillespie BW.(PubMed)(41) Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis, herpes simplex virus-1 infection, and oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mouthwash by Nicolatou-Galitis O1, Dardoufas K, Markoulatos P, Sotiropoulou-Lontou A, Kyprianou K, Kolitsi G, Pissakas G, Skarleas C, Kouloulias V, Papanicolaou V, Legakis NJ, Velegraki A.(PubMed)
(42) Risk factors for oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients who receive radiation therapy for malignant conditions of the head and neck by Epstein JB1, Freilich MM, Le ND.(PubMed)
(43) Low stomach acid can cause Candida by Dr. D ND
(44) Candida and stomach acid connection by Cure zone
(45) Topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis (thrush) in pregnancy by Young GL1, Jewell D.(PubMed)
(46) Treatment of vaginal candidiasis in pregnancy with a single clotrimazole 500 mg vaginal pessary by Lindeque BG, van Niekerk WA.(PubMed)
(47) Study results on the use of different therapies for the treatment of vaginitis in hospitalised pregnant women by Novakov Mikić A1, Stojic S.(PubMed)
(48) Vulvovaginitis candidiasis recurrence during pregnancy by Fardiazar Z1, Ronaci F, Torab R, Goldust M.(PubMed)
(50) Risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis: a case-control study among university students by Geiger AM1, Foxman B.(PubMed)
(51) Vulvovaginal candidiasis in women who have sex with women by Bailey JV1, Benato R, Owen C, Kavanagh J.(PubMed)
(52) Bacterial vaginosis in lesbians and bisexual women by Bailey JV1, Farquhar C, Owen C.(PubMed)
Less than $1 cost of Home made Tostadas
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
Posted By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
The $5 takeout cookbook (Good, cheap food for when you want to eat in) by Rhonda Lauret Parkinson, Margaret Kaeter, Belinda Hulin, and Jennifer Malott Kotylo, published by Adam media, Avon, Massachusetts.
Make 4 -10 depending on the tortilla size
Total cost: $.81
1/4 cup of vegetable oil
6 - 8 corn tortilla
1/4 teaspoon salt
1. Spread the oil evenly over the bottom of a large pan. preheat to medium-high temperature.
2. Place tortillas in the hot oil., 1 at a time, and fry ubtil crisp. Flip the tortillas when one side is brown to ensure even cooking.
3. Sprinkle with salt while cooking.
4. Place on paper towel to drain.
For other Healthy Kid loved recipes http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/recipes.html
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
Posted By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
The $5 takeout cookbook (Good, cheap food for when you want to eat in) by Rhonda Lauret Parkinson, Margaret Kaeter, Belinda Hulin, and Jennifer Malott Kotylo, published by Adam media, Avon, Massachusetts.
Make 4 -10 depending on the tortilla size
Total cost: $.81
1/4 cup of vegetable oil
6 - 8 corn tortilla
1/4 teaspoon salt
1. Spread the oil evenly over the bottom of a large pan. preheat to medium-high temperature.
2. Place tortillas in the hot oil., 1 at a time, and fry ubtil crisp. Flip the tortillas when one side is brown to ensure even cooking.
3. Sprinkle with salt while cooking.
4. Place on paper towel to drain.
For other Healthy Kid loved recipes http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/recipes.html
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Wednesday, 4 March 2015
The Reader Guide To Cure Candidiasis: Testing Candidiasis with References
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
I. Candida Albicans
What is Candida Albicans
Candida albicans are members of a large group of micro organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast(2)(3), fungi(4)(5)(6), and mold(6) that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. In fact, under normal circumstances, Candida albicans that do not cause harmful effects, but overgrowth results in candidiasis. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species cause 35-65% of all candidaemias in the general patient population(1). According to joint study, in many cases, biofilm(microorganisms with cells stick to each other on a surface) formation(7) gene mutations(8) and overexpression of genes(9)(10) are often associated with increased Candida resistance toward antifungal agents.
Testing Candidiasis
1. Candida spit test(produced by a multi-million dollar corporation, Global Health Trax Inc.)
If you doctor suspects that you may have Candida, he/she would ask for a Candida saliva or candida spit test. With this test, you are asked to place a glass filled clear water by your bed at night. When you wake in the morning, work up a bit of saliva and spit into it, then check the water every 15 minutes or so for up to one hour.
a) If you have Candida, you will see strings traveling down into the water with the saliva floating on the top, or cloudy saliva sinks to the bottom of the glass, or cloudy specks is suspended in the water.
b) If there is only saliva still floating after at one hour, you have Candida under control.
Unfortunately, according to Vaughter wellness, "One problem with the spit test is that a significant percentage of people who don’t have Candida test “positive”. A much bigger problem is that a significant percentage of people who do have Candida test negative"(11).
2. Medical test
With the medical Candida tests included immunological test of IgG, IgM, IgA, Candida antigen, and immune complexes, you will have to visit the doctor and they will order the tests. The specimens will be sent to a lab and the results sent to the doctor. You will then visit the doctor a second time to get your results. The doctor will recommend a treatment program, if you are tested positively.
a) Candida Immune Complexes test
It is a blood test to determine if you have had an immune response to Candida albicansa, large presence of these antibodies(15) would indicate a Candida overgrowth(12)(13)(14).
b) Combination of IgA, IgG and IgM tests
b.1. Immunoglobulin A (IgA)(15)(16)(17)
It is an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity, which is found in high concentrations in the mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum and particularly those lining the respiratory passages, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract.
b.2. Immunoglobulin IgG(15)(16)(17)
It is a antibody molecules that corresponds to maturation of the antibody response in protecting our body against bacterial and viral infections, found in all body fluids.
b.3. Immunoglobulin IgM(18)(19)
It is a basic antibody that is produced by B cells, the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to antigen, found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid.
By analyzing the antibody in the combination results of all 3 tests, your doctor can determine that you have Candidiasis or not.
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
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References
(1) Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungaemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance by Krcmery V1, Barnes AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Pathogenicity and drug resistance in Candida albicans and other yeast species. A review by Mishra NN1, Prasad T, Sharma N, Payasi A, Prasad R, Gupta DK, Singh R.(PubMed)
(3) Multidrug resistance in yeast Candida by Prasad R1, Kapoor K.(PubMerd)
(4) New evidence that Candida albicans possesses additional ATP-binding cassette MDR-like genes: implications for antifungal azole resistance. by Walsh TJ1, Kasai M, Francesconi A, Landsman D, Chanock SJ.(PubMed)
(5) Mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans isolates from AIDS patients involve specific multidrug transporters.by Sanglard D1, Kuchler K, Ischer F, Pagani JL, Monod M, Bille J.(PubMed)
(6) Structural analysis of phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes isolated from yeast and mold form cells of Candida albicans NIH A-207 serotype A strain by Shibata N1, Fukasawa S, Kobayashi H, Tojo M, Yonezu T, Ambo A, Ohkubo Y, Suzuki S.(PubMed)
(7) The effect of antifungal combination on transcripts of a subset of drug-resistance genes in clinical isolates of Candida species induced biofilms by Ibrahim NH1, Melake NA2, Somily AM3, Zakaria AS4, Baddour MM5, Mahmoud AZ6(PubMed)
(8) Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. by Vanden Bossche H1, Dromer F, Improvisi I, Lozano-Chiu M, Rex JH, Sanglard D.(PubMed)
(9) The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicans by Morschhäuser J1.(PubMed)
(10) A proteomic approach to understanding the development of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans strains by Kusch H1, Biswas K, Schwanfelder S, Engelmann S, Rogers PD, Hecker M, Morschhäuser J.(PubMed)
(11) Spit Test: Reliable Candida diagnosis?(Vaughter wellness)
(12) Candida parapsilosis-specific monoclonal antibodies and their use for detection of Candida antigens in experimental systemic candidiasis by Wong SF1, Mak JW.(PubMed)
(13) Potential use of a monoclonal antibody for the detection of Candida antigens in an experimental systemic candidiasis model by Wong SF1, Mak JW, Pook CK.(PubMed)
(14) [Biological diagnosis of systemic candidiasis: difficulties and future prospects].[Article in French]
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
I. Candida Albicans
What is Candida Albicans
Candida albicans are members of a large group of micro organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast(2)(3), fungi(4)(5)(6), and mold(6) that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. In fact, under normal circumstances, Candida albicans that do not cause harmful effects, but overgrowth results in candidiasis. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) species cause 35-65% of all candidaemias in the general patient population(1). According to joint study, in many cases, biofilm(microorganisms with cells stick to each other on a surface) formation(7) gene mutations(8) and overexpression of genes(9)(10) are often associated with increased Candida resistance toward antifungal agents.
Testing Candidiasis
1. Candida spit test(produced by a multi-million dollar corporation, Global Health Trax Inc.)
If you doctor suspects that you may have Candida, he/she would ask for a Candida saliva or candida spit test. With this test, you are asked to place a glass filled clear water by your bed at night. When you wake in the morning, work up a bit of saliva and spit into it, then check the water every 15 minutes or so for up to one hour.
a) If you have Candida, you will see strings traveling down into the water with the saliva floating on the top, or cloudy saliva sinks to the bottom of the glass, or cloudy specks is suspended in the water.
b) If there is only saliva still floating after at one hour, you have Candida under control.
Unfortunately, according to Vaughter wellness, "One problem with the spit test is that a significant percentage of people who don’t have Candida test “positive”. A much bigger problem is that a significant percentage of people who do have Candida test negative"(11).
2. Medical test
With the medical Candida tests included immunological test of IgG, IgM, IgA, Candida antigen, and immune complexes, you will have to visit the doctor and they will order the tests. The specimens will be sent to a lab and the results sent to the doctor. You will then visit the doctor a second time to get your results. The doctor will recommend a treatment program, if you are tested positively.
a) Candida Immune Complexes test
It is a blood test to determine if you have had an immune response to Candida albicansa, large presence of these antibodies(15) would indicate a Candida overgrowth(12)(13)(14).
b) Combination of IgA, IgG and IgM tests
b.1. Immunoglobulin A (IgA)(15)(16)(17)It is an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity, which is found in high concentrations in the mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum and particularly those lining the respiratory passages, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract.
b.2. Immunoglobulin IgG(15)(16)(17)
It is a antibody molecules that corresponds to maturation of the antibody response in protecting our body against bacterial and viral infections, found in all body fluids.
b.3. Immunoglobulin IgM(18)(19)
It is a basic antibody that is produced by B cells, the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to antigen, found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid.
By analyzing the antibody in the combination results of all 3 tests, your doctor can determine that you have Candidiasis or not.
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Back to home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/
References
(1) Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungaemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance by Krcmery V1, Barnes AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Pathogenicity and drug resistance in Candida albicans and other yeast species. A review by Mishra NN1, Prasad T, Sharma N, Payasi A, Prasad R, Gupta DK, Singh R.(PubMed)
(3) Multidrug resistance in yeast Candida by Prasad R1, Kapoor K.(PubMerd)
(4) New evidence that Candida albicans possesses additional ATP-binding cassette MDR-like genes: implications for antifungal azole resistance. by Walsh TJ1, Kasai M, Francesconi A, Landsman D, Chanock SJ.(PubMed)
(5) Mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans isolates from AIDS patients involve specific multidrug transporters.by Sanglard D1, Kuchler K, Ischer F, Pagani JL, Monod M, Bille J.(PubMed)
(6) Structural analysis of phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes isolated from yeast and mold form cells of Candida albicans NIH A-207 serotype A strain by Shibata N1, Fukasawa S, Kobayashi H, Tojo M, Yonezu T, Ambo A, Ohkubo Y, Suzuki S.(PubMed)
(7) The effect of antifungal combination on transcripts of a subset of drug-resistance genes in clinical isolates of Candida species induced biofilms by Ibrahim NH1, Melake NA2, Somily AM3, Zakaria AS4, Baddour MM5, Mahmoud AZ6(PubMed)
(8) Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. by Vanden Bossche H1, Dromer F, Improvisi I, Lozano-Chiu M, Rex JH, Sanglard D.(PubMed)
(9) The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicans by Morschhäuser J1.(PubMed)
(10) A proteomic approach to understanding the development of multidrug-resistant Candida albicans strains by Kusch H1, Biswas K, Schwanfelder S, Engelmann S, Rogers PD, Hecker M, Morschhäuser J.(PubMed)
(11) Spit Test: Reliable Candida diagnosis?(Vaughter wellness)
(12) Candida parapsilosis-specific monoclonal antibodies and their use for detection of Candida antigens in experimental systemic candidiasis by Wong SF1, Mak JW.(PubMed)
(13) Potential use of a monoclonal antibody for the detection of Candida antigens in an experimental systemic candidiasis model by Wong SF1, Mak JW, Pook CK.(PubMed)
(14) [Biological diagnosis of systemic candidiasis: difficulties and future prospects].[Article in French]
by Anane S1, Khalfallah F.(PubMed)
(15) [Local humoral immunity in vulvovaginal candidiasis].[Article in French] by Amouri I1, Hadrich I, Abbes S, Sellami H, Ayadi A.(PubMed)
(16) [IgA, IgE and IgG subclasses to Candida albicans in serum and vaginal fluid from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis].[Article in Portuguese] by de Carvalho RJ1, Cunha CM, Silva DA, Sopelete MC, Urzedo JE, Moreira TA, Moraes Pde S, Taketomi EA.(PubMed)
(17) IgA
and IgG antibodies to Candida albicans in the genital tract secretions
of women with or without vaginal candidosis by Gough PM, Warnock DW,
Richardson MD, Mansell NJ, King JM.(PubMed)
(18) In situ IgM
production and clonal expansion of B-1 cells in peritoneal cavity
promote elimination of C. albicans infection in IgH transgenic mice with
VH derived from a natural antibody by Tian R1, Fu M, Zhang Z, Ren J, An J, Liu Y, Li W(PubMed)
(19) Efficacy of combination immunotherapy of IgM MAb B6.1 and amphotericin B against disseminated candidiasis by Han Y1.(PubMed)
Quick and Easy Healthy Kid Loved Lunch Box Recipe: Home made dippers for Sweet potato chips
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
Posted By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipes contributed by The Lunch Box, Packed with fun, healthy meals that keep them smiling, by Kate McMillan and Sarah Putman Clegg, published by Weldonowen.
Preheat the oven to 500 degree F (260 degree C) lightly grease a baking sheet with olive oil. Peel 2 sweet potatoes. Halve each length wise. then thinly slice crosswise. Arrange the slices in single layer on the prepared sheet. Drizzle with olive oil and sprinkle with salt. Bake, turning once, until crisp, about 20 minutes. Transfer to paper towels to drain.
For other Healthy Kid loved recipes http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/recipes.html
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
Posted By Kyle J. Norton
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Recipes contributed by The Lunch Box, Packed with fun, healthy meals that keep them smiling, by Kate McMillan and Sarah Putman Clegg, published by Weldonowen.
Preheat the oven to 500 degree F (260 degree C) lightly grease a baking sheet with olive oil. Peel 2 sweet potatoes. Halve each length wise. then thinly slice crosswise. Arrange the slices in single layer on the prepared sheet. Drizzle with olive oil and sprinkle with salt. Bake, turning once, until crisp, about 20 minutes. Transfer to paper towels to drain.
For other Healthy Kid loved recipes http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/recipes.html
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Tuesday, 3 March 2015
Most common diseases of Elders- Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM Herbal treatments of Dementia Caused by Toxins accumulation and kidney essence depletion
Weight Loss the Easy Ways
Andrea Albright Featured on Health and Fitness Jan. 2015
will Personally Coach You How to Get There The Easy Way
If You Are Looking For a SoulMate
Celebrity Patti Stanger Will Coach You To Get Him/Her
and Keep Him/Her for Good,The Simple Way
By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Diseases of Central Nervous system
Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.
V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.5. According to TCM philosophy, dementia is also to be induced by the combination/or of Kidney essence vacuity and toxin (turbid phlegm).
C.5.1. Dementia due to toxins accumulation
Toxins accumulation in internal organs disturbed the balance of immunity(1213)(1214) may cause impairment of food intake regulation(1215), exhibition of phlegm(1208)(1208)(1210), retention of fluid(1211)(1212) and blood statsis(1209) induced early the onset of dementia, in aging population with depletion of kidney-essence(1208)(1209), according to traditional Chinese medicine.
Herbal Medicine for toxins elimination
Chinese Herbal medicine for toxins elimination
1. Shui Fei Zi or Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)
Shui fei zi, the bitter and cold is also known as milk thistle, native to Western Europe and northern Africa, used in traditional Chinese medicine to improve liver function(1193)(1194)(1210), promote the flow of breast milk(1207), bile secretion(1200), anti depression(1201) and anti tumors(1196)(1197)(1198), inhibit allergic effects(1195)(1199), treat hepatitis C(1202)(1203), cirrhosis(1205) and liver fibrosis(1206), by enhancing function of liver and gallbladder channels(1204)
Phytochemicals
1. Flavonoid
2. fumaric acid
3. Silymarin
4. isosilybin,
5. dehydrosilybin,
6. silydianin and
7. silychristin. It also contains
8. cinnamic acid,
9. myristic acid,
10. palmitelaidic acid,
10. arachidic acid. ,
11. palmitelaidic acid,
13. Etc.
Shui Fei Zi or Milk thistle used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(1218) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals Silymarin and Silibinin in ameliorated amyloid pathology(1216) and oxidative stress(1216)(1217) through attenuated levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (glutathione) in the hippocampus(1217).
1.1. In Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer disease (AD). a neurodegenerative disorders is the most prevalent diseases in the United States, in aging population(1219). Silymarin, a phytochemical found abundantly in milk thistle, in age related disorders like neurodegenerative diseases improved locomotion rate, higher response to stimuli and tolerance to stress, in C.elegans Alzheimer's Model, through delayed paralysis via enhanced resistance to oxidative stress(1220). In rat induced Alzheimer's disease model, the phytochemical also inhibited amyloid formation(1222) and suppressed amyloid protein precursor (APP) expression(1222)and reduced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells(1222) in improvement memory(1223) and learning function(1221).
1.2. In Parkinson disease
In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, causes od mitochondrial dysfunction and the selective cell death of dopaminergic neurons, silibinin, derivative of silymarin, protected mitochondria through attenuated motor deficit and dopaminergic neuronal loss(1224) and anti oxidative and anti inflammatory pathways(1225).
1.3. In neuroprotective effects
In focal cerebral ischemia, silymarin (SM), a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from the milk thistle exerted it neuroprotective effects, in upregulating the antioxidant status and lowering the apoptotic response in slowing down the progression of neurodegeneration(1226) and preventing inflammation-related neurodegenerative disease(1227) and ROS causing oxidative damage to macromolecules in the brain(1230).
1.4. In cognitive impairment
In cognitive deficit mice model, silibinin exhibited its anti cognitive impairment effects through amelioration of decreases in dopamine and serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, (1228). In amyloid beta peptide-induced memory impairment, the chemicals also improve cognitive memory deficits through attenuated the Abeta(25-35)- accumulation of malondialdehyde and depletion of glutathione in the hippocampus(1229).
Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton
References
(1193) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9468229
(1194) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564545
(1195) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121838
(1196) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23879966
(1197) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24574320
(1198) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25242120
(1199) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23701595
(1200) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17692492
(1201) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25431050
(1202) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25247194
(1203) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22797645
(1204) http://alternativehealing.org/shui_fei_ji.htm
(1205) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15277093
(1206) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22087179
(1207) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468043
(1208) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24187864
(1209) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22500712
(1210) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24155069
(1211) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25155658
(1212) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162367
(1213) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24719080
(1214) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22866982
(1215) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16769094
(1216) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21185897
(1217) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552690
(1218) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071836
(1219) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25696782
(1220) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613505
(1221) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460990
(1222) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071836
(1223) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19638571
(1224) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25677261
(1225) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24660866
(1226) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21840019
(1227) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20833521
(1228) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857526
(1229) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552690
(1230) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19647779
2. Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel)
Xiu Hui Xiang, the acrid and warm herb, is also known as fennel, native to Mediterranean, used in traditional Chinese medicine as anti microbal(1232)(1233), antioxidant(1234)(1235) and emmenagogue(1236) and estrogenic(1244) and androgenic(1245) agents and to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis(1237)(1238), treat hepatic fibrosis(1239), gastro intestine disorder(1240)(1241), decrease hair thickness(1243) and increase flow of breast milk(1242) by enhancing function of liver, kidney, spleen, stomach channels(1231).
Phytoshemicals 1. Linoleic acid
2. Palmitic acid
3. Arachidic acid
4. Behenic acid
5. Quercetin
6. Phytosteryl b-fructofuranoside
7. 7-hydroxycoumarin
8. 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin
9. Oleanolic acid
10. Sitosterol
11. Fenchone
12. α-pinene
13. Limonene
14. β-Pinene
15. β-Myrcene
16. α-Phellandrene
17. P-Cymol
18. Etc.
Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel) used in the treatment of symptoms of neurodegenerative disorder, including age-related mental problems of Alzheimer's disease(1246)) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in acetylcholinesterase inhibition(1246) and anti inflammation(1247) through suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway(1247) involved stress, cell signaling, free radicals, oxidized LDL,activities(1248)(1249)(1250)(1251).
1. In anxiolytic activity
Anxiety is a condition of neurodisorder of unpleasant state of inner turmoil with fear of the presence and future, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersAmerican Psychiatric Association, effecting patients with dementia, including familial Alzheimer's disease(1252) and other neuropsychiatric disorders(1254). Fennel, a medical herb used in many cultures, have shown effectively in treating anxiety, epidemiologically. In adult Swiss albino male mice, oral administration 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of fennel essential oil significantly increased percent number of entries and time spent in open arms in elevated plus maze (EPM) test(1255).
2. In learning and memory
Fennels, the most widely used herbal plant in the world(1256) used in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy for memory enhancing(1257). In Alzheimer's disease, induced a decline of cognitive abilities in mice model, fennel extract successfully ameliorated the amnesic effect of scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) and aging- induced memory deficits in 8 days in dose-depend maner, through increased step-down latency and acetylcholinesterase inhibition(1258)
References
(1231) http://alternativehealing.org/xiao_hui_xiang.htm
(1232) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25384804
(1233) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21462837
(1234) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21812646
(1235) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25143939
(1236) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=fennel+emmenagogue
(1237) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22447109
(1238) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050267
(1239) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22475144
(1240) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22433535
(1241) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20433751
(1242) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999244
(1243) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24490010
(1244) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999244
(1245) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13678227
(1246) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=fennel+dementia
(1247) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15659827
(1248) http://www.nature.com/onc/journal/v25/n51/full/1209954a.html
(1249) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1385%2FCT%3A6%3A2%3A111
(1250) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10602459
(1251) http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v8/n1/full/nrm2083.html
(1252) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25688083
(1253) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25687925
(1254) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653291
(1255) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=fennel+and+anxiety
(1256) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162032
(1257) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23275017
3. Da Suan(Garlic)
Da suan, the acrid, warm herb, is also known as garlic, native all over the world, used in traditional Chinese medicine as antibiotic(1259)(1260), anti aging(1261)(1262), anti cancers(1263)(1264)(1265), anti diabetic(1266)(1267), anti arterio-sclerosis anti platelet coagulation(1268)(1269) agents and treat to cardiovascular diseases(1270)(1271)(1272), lower blood pressure(1273)(1274), blood lipids(1275)(1276)(1277) and promote immunity(1278)(1279)(1280) and capillary circulation(1281)(1282) by enhancing functions of large intestine, lung, spleen, stomach. channels(1258).
Phytochemicals
1. Allyl methyl sulfide
2. Diallyl sulfide
3. 6-methyl-1-thio-2
4. 4-cyclohexadiene
5. Dimethyl sulfide
6. Divinyl sulfide
7. Dimethyl disulfide
8. Allyl methyl disulfide
9. Dithiocyclopentene
10. 5-methyl-1, 2-dithio-3-cyclopentene
11.Allyl propyl disulfide
12. 4-methyl-1
13. 2-dithio-3-cyclopentene
14. Allyl propyl trisulfide
15. Diallyl tetrasulfide
16. Dipropyl disulfide
17. Methyl propyl trisulfide
18. Allyl methyl tetrasulfide
19. Allyl methyl pentasulfide
20. Etc.
Da Suan(Garlic) used in the treatment of symptoms of dementia(1283)(1284)(1285), including Alzheimer's pathophysiology(1288)(1289) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals aged garlic extract and S-allyl-L-cysteine and extracts(1284) in oxidative stress inhibition(1284) and anti progression involved association of degeneration and neuro inflammatory activity(1286) through neuro protection against amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis(1285) and toxicity(1287).
1.1. In Alzheimer's disease
Strong evidences suggested that deposited amyloid-beta(Abeta) has shown to associated to the progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1290)(1291)(1292), In mouse model induced by neurotoxic amyloid beta protein (Aβ), ethyl acetate fractions of garlic extract exhibited high levels of radical scavenging activity involved cognitive impairment against Aβ-induced neuronal deficit and Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits in vivo(1293). According to Indiana University School of Medicine, the extracts also attenuated synaptic degeneration and neuroinflammatory pathways associated with AD, through major phytochemical S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) (1294), including oxidative insults to neurons(1295). In Alzheimer's transgenic model Tg2576, dietary aged garlic extract (AGE) (2%) showed to exhibited anti-amyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tangle effects also through its phytochemicals S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) (20 mg/kg) and di-allyl-disulfide (DADS)(1296) without without interfering with its antibiotic activity in ameliorate gentamicin (GM)effectiveness(1297).
1.2. In Parkinson disease
Olfactory dysfunction(1298)(1299) in non-motor functioning and hyposmia(1300)(1301)/anosmia(1302)(1303) are common manifestation in some neurodegenerative disorders caused by oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory insults(1305), including Parkinson disease. Dietary supplement S-methyl-L-cysteine, a substrate in the catalytic antioxidant system mediated by MSRA showed to protect cells from oxidative damage through its antioxidative effect(1304) when used conjunction with methionine sulfoxide reductase A in Parkinson's-like symptoms(1304).
1.3. In Cognitive impairment
In early cognitive deficits caused by gradually of accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) oligomers of Abeta42 species, aged garlic extract, in mice model, prevented progressive behavioral impairment, slowed plaque development, through protection against deterioration of hippocampal based memory(1306), In Alzheimer's disease induced mice model, S-allyl cysteine, a component of aged garlic extract, ameliorated cognitive deficits and oxidative damage in the hippocampus of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)(1308). According to Gyeongsang National University, the effectiveness of aged garlic extracts, in neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease(AD), may be due to its antioxidant activities in improvement of cognitive impairment against Aβ-induced neuronal deficit(1307).
1.4. In learning and memory
Acute and chronic oral administration of aged garlic extract, in mice using step down latency (SDL) by passive avoidance response and transfer latency (TL) using elevated plus maze, improved learning and memory probably due to cortical acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels activities and anti-oxidant property(1309). In oxidative damage and spatial learning and memory deficits induced mice model, S-allylcysteine exerted its protective effect against reactive oxygen species. Abeta(25-35)-induced hippocampal toxicity and learning deficits, through its free radical scavenging and ameliorated lipid peroxidation activities(1310).
References
(1258) http://alternativehealing.org/garlic.htm
(1259) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10594976
(1260) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11759674
(1261) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24066081
(1262) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9131291
(1263) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25078449
(1264) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24859825
(1265) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24309133
(1266) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23543654
(1267) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23923607
(1268) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17918162
(1269) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10192909
(1270) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25141365
(1271) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484559
(1272) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067391
(1273) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24172194
(1274) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24199984
(1285) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25671065
(1276) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25575520
(1277) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194526
(1278) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24564587
(1279) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24122196
(1280) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22717023
(1281) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24989289
(1282) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16868359
(1283) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21376020
(1284) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21166677
(1285) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12165737
(1286) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21728972
(1287) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499478
(1288) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18844255
(1289) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16842945
(1290) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24519982
(1291) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20061605
(1292) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23713775
(1293) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24134394
(1294) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21728972
(1295) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21166677
(1296) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16842945
(1297) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15934032
(1298) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25640661
(1299) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24262869
(1300) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25546094
(1301) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25506732
(1302) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20083801
(1303) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603494
(1304) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18032652
(1305) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11295356
(1306) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17380553
(1307) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24134394
(1308) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21376020
(1309) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24579375
(1310) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087243
V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.5. According to TCM philosophy, dementia is also to be induced by the combination/or of Kidney essence vacuity and toxin (turbid phlegm).
C.5.2. Dementia due to aging depletion of Kidney Essence
Aging related to gradual lost of kidney essence effects the bone and bone marrow in production of red blood cells causes of nutrient and oxygen deficiency in the brain in induction of symptoms of dementia(1311)(1312).
1. Dong Chong Cao(Cordyceps)
Dong Chong Cao, the sweet and warm herb, is also known as cordyceps, used in traditional Chinese medicine as anti-arrhythmia, anti-rejection in cornea transplant, antimicrobal effects and to attenuate contraction of smooth muscles, protect against toxins induced kedney and liver diseases, treat chronic lower back pain, impotence, chronic cough and wheezing, blood in phlegm,... as its tonifies lung yin and kidney yang by enhancing the functions of lung and kidney channels(1313).
Phtochemicals
1. Cordyceps polysaccharide
2. Ergosterol
3. Cordycepic acid
4. Lysine
5. Aspartic acid
6. Threonine
7. Taurine
8. Etc.
In in vitro and in vivo model of Alzheimer's disease, methanol extracts of dong chon cao, prevented the beta-amyloid((25-35) induced neuro cell death(1314) and in rat model of ADs, its phytochemical ophioglossoides significantly prevented spatial memory loss by intracranial injection of Abeta(1314), probably through its free radical scavenging activity(1314).
References
(1313) http://alternativehealing.org/dong_chong_xia_cao.htm
(1314) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Cordyceps+and+dementia
2. Shi Hu(Dendrobium)
the sweet, bland, slightly cold herb, is also known as Dendrobiu, used in traditional Chinese medicine as anti diabetic(1315)(1316)) and anti-hyperglycemic((1317)(1318))and anti microbial(1319)(1320) agents caused by yin deficiency and to treat thirsty(1315)(1316), thromboangitis obliterans, chronic throat infection, blurry vision(1321)(1322), weak lower back,... by enhancing the lung, stomach channels(1323).
Phytochemicals
1. Ophiopogonin
2. Ruscogenin
3. β-sitosterol β
4. Stigmasterol
5. Dendrobine
6. Nobilonine
7. 6-hydroxydendrobine
8. Etc.
According to Zunyi Medical College, alkaloids enriched extract from Dendrobium Nobile Lindl. (EDNLA), showed to inhibit paired helical filaments of hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, in neurofibrillary tangles, a pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1324). In rat model administrated intragastrically with different doses of DNLA (20, 40 mg/kg), attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg) injecting into the bilateral ventricle, induced hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in rat's hippocampus and protect against LPS-induced apoptosis in rat brain(1325).
References
(1315) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25685822
(1316) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24846859
(1317) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15719686
(1318) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18831216
(1319) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22715718
(1320) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21181405
(1321) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23847958
(1322) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19852302
(1323) http://alternativehealing.org/shi_hu.htm
(1324) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Dendrobium+and+Alzheimer's+disease
3. Du Zhong(Eucommia bark)
Du Zhong, the sweet, slightly acrid, and warm, is also known as eucommia bark, used in traditional Chinese medicine as anti stress(1325)(1326), anti diuretic(1336), anti inflammatory(1327)(1328), anti infectious(1329), sedative and anesthesia and anti-aging(1336) agents and to treat hypertension(1330)(1331), chronic pain in lower back and knees(1332)(1336), lack of strength, dizziness, impotence(1337), irregular menses and frequent urination(1336) and protect against unstable pregnancy(1336),.... by enhancing the functions of liver and kidney channels(1333).
Phytochemicals
1. Eucommiol
2. Eucommioside
3. Eucommioside-I
4. Cpmoferom
5. Dehydrodiconife4ryl alcohol-4
6. Gamma'-di-O0betta-D-glucopyranoside
7. Liriodendrin
8. (+) -syringaresinol-di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside
9. (+)-syringa resinol O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside
10. (+)-syringaresinol monoglucoside
11. syringin
12. Etc.
1. In learning and memory
In scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments, and a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ(25-35) mice models, oral administration of aqueous extract of Eucommia bark or the whole herb significantly reversed learning and memory deficits, through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)(1335) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner(1334)(1335).
2. In Alzheimer's disease (AD)
In hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced neuronal cell death in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark. (EUE), increased cell viability and inhibited cytotoxicity and DNA condensation, through attenuated the increase in ROS production and MMP involved increased risk of dementia reduction(1337).
3. In neuroprotective effects
In PC-12 cells injury mediated by Aβ(25-35) eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) bark and leaf's phytochemicals, geniposidic acid and chlorogenic acid, significantly protect PC-12 cells against the cytotoxicity(1338). In amyloid beta(25-35) (Aβ(25-35))-induced learning and memory impairments mice
model, the herb laso exhibited neuroprotective effects through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortex(1235).
References
(1325) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24440915
(1326) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11749801
(1327) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735174
(1328) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25575468
(1329) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Eucommia+bark+anti+infection
(1330) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214253
(1331) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20347950
(1332) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Eucommia+bark++pain
(1333) (1317) http://alternativehealing.org/du_zhong.htm
(1334) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24404337
(1335) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20974223
(1336) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735663
(1337) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24296089
(1338) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21784025
4. Huang qi(Astragalus)
Huang qi, the slightly sweet herb, is also known as astragalus root used in traditional Chinese medicine as immune stimulant(1339)(1342)(1343), tonic(1339)(1344), antioxidant(1339)(1341), hepatoprotectant(1339)(1345)(1346), diuretic(1339), antidiabetic(1339)(1347)(1348), anticancer(1339)(1349)(1350)(1351), expectoran(1339)(1352) and antibiotics(1340) agents and to lessen proteinuria in chronic kidney diseases(1353)(1354), lower blood pressure(1355)(1356) and endothelial dysfunction(1356), improve endurance and protect liver against diseases(1357)(1358),... by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels(1359).
Phytochemicals
1. Astralagus menbranaceus
2. Astragaloside I
3. Astragaloside II
4. Daucosterol
5. Beta-sitosterol
6. Palmitic acid
7. Astragalus saponin A,B,C
8. Astramenbrangenin
9. Etc.
Huang qi(Astragalus root) used in the treatment of symptoms of dementia(1360)(1261))(1362)(1362), including Alzheimer's pathophysiology(1363) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemical astragalosides (AST) and extracts(1365)(1363) in oxidative stress inhibition(1363) and anti progression involved association of neuronal cell apoptosis(1363) through inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity(1364), level glucocorticoids (GCs) and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide deposition(1367) and decreasing the expression level of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus(1365)(1366), ROS generation and neurotoxicity(1368)(1369).
1. In learning and memory
Polysaccharides (APS), isolated from Astragalus, in aging female SD rats model, according to the open-field test and the Morris water maze task, improved learning and memory functions of aged rats through up-regulation in the hippocampus neural plasticity protein expression(1370). In rats induced neurologic damage of hippocampus by electromagnetic field (EMF) acute or chronic irradiation, Chinese medicine diet (CMD) comprised ferulic acid, ginsenoside, astragalus polysaccharide and rhodiola sachalinensis, showed to protect the impaired learning and memory, the neuron apoptosis, through ameliorating superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)(1371). In intermittent hypoxia-induced hippocampal neurons impairment rats, astragaloside IV, astragaloside II and astragaloside I, the main compounds in astragals extract inhibited the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, decreased the expression of protein level involved imapir learning and memory(1372). According to Anhui Medical University, learning and memory impairments and neurons' apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids in 12-month-old male mice model, extract of Astragalus, improved learning and memory impairments and prevented neuronal cell apoptosis, through increased immunohistochemistry demonstrate in hippocampus and neocortex and decreased activity of mitochondrial death pathway after nuron cell death(1373).
2. In Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease
Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and stress-level glucocorticoids correlated with dementia progression have shown to associated to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease(1374)(1375), Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the major active constituents of Astragalus and extract of Astragalus, prevented Aβ1-42-induced neuron cell apoptosis, and ROS generation(1374) and down regulate the protein level builds up as Alzheimer's disease progresses, involved degeneration of hippocampus (CA1, CA3) and neocortex(1375).
According to Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Astragalus, one of the herb used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment neuro degenerative diseases showed to modulate multiple key events or signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of PD(1376), probably through its phytochemical Astragaloside IV in promoted neurite outgrowth and increased immunoreactive of dopaminergic neurons caused by ROS(1377).
3. In neuroprotective effects
In experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage induced early brain injury rat model, Astragaloside IV, a major chemical component isolated from Astragalus, exerted its antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects(1378)(1379), against increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, neuronal apoptosis and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)(1378).Myelophil, a combination of extracts isplated from Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, in brain dysfunctions animal model, also exhibited its anti oxidative stress, ROS activity through attenuated total glutathione (GSH) content, and the activities of GSH-reductase, GSH-S-transferase via ameliorated protein and gene expression(1380) and inflammation and regulating stress hormones(1381).
References
(1311) https://books.google.ca/books?id=oea9BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=Kidney+Essence+and+aging+dementia&source=bl&ots=tOfAsR-Vrk&sig=hvLIdsWGFNBy2hDoeuB5YvIPQlU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QcjsVKSiKoeeyASu4oHACg&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Kidney%20Essence%20and%20aging%20dementia&f=false
(1312) https://books.google.ca/books?id=bL4X1HiasqEC&pg=PA292&lpg=PA292&dq=Kidney+Essence+and+dementia+symptoms&source=bl&ots=zWx7MfG8r2&sig=5RFsTGmdj_6T3gJNWe0iHD5ww0Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tsnsVK6UMoekyASFhoDoBg&ved=0CFgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Kidney%20Essence%20and%20dementia%20symptoms&f=false
(1339) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25087616
(1340) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24710996
(1341) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24456824
(1342) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25669325
(1343) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21856398
(1344) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25690295
(1345) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25435153
(1346) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25415237
(1347) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23049681
(1348) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24863354
(1349) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25319833
(1350) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22992293
(1351) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24026428
(1352) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25690295
(1353) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137839
(1354) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25335553
(1355) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22350214
(1356) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21555978
(1357) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551689
(1358) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24933224
(1359) http://alternativehealing.org/huang_qi.htm
(1360) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12971399
(1361) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15346617
(1362) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7893391
(1363) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538932
(1364) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8155947
(1365) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20506830
(1366) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24956824
(1367) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22484447
(1368) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905226
(1369) http://www.medsci.org/v11p1073.htm
(1370) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25272845
(1371) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24175560
(1372) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23595393
(1373) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538932
(1374) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24905226
(1375) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538932
(1376) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23266574
(1377) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409437
(1378) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25136262
(1379) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24724856
(1380) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24690775
(1381) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665312
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Diseases of Central Nervous system
Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.
V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.5. According to TCM philosophy, dementia is also to be induced by the combination/or of Kidney essence vacuity and toxin (turbid phlegm).
C.5.1. Dementia due to toxins accumulation
Toxins accumulation in internal organs disturbed the balance of immunity(1213)(1214) may cause impairment of food intake regulation(1215), exhibition of phlegm(1208)(1208)(1210), retention of fluid(1211)(1212) and blood statsis(1209) induced early the onset of dementia, in aging population with depletion of kidney-essence(1208)(1209), according to traditional Chinese medicine.
Herbal Medicine for toxins elimination
Chinese Herbal medicine for toxins elimination
1. Shui Fei Zi or Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)
Shui fei zi, the bitter and cold is also known as milk thistle, native to Western Europe and northern Africa, used in traditional Chinese medicine to improve liver function(1193)(1194)(1210), promote the flow of breast milk(1207), bile secretion(1200), anti depression(1201) and anti tumors(1196)(1197)(1198), inhibit allergic effects(1195)(1199), treat hepatitis C(1202)(1203), cirrhosis(1205) and liver fibrosis(1206), by enhancing function of liver and gallbladder channels(1204)
Phytochemicals
1. Flavonoid
2. fumaric acid
3. Silymarin
4. isosilybin,
5. dehydrosilybin,
6. silydianin and
7. silychristin. It also contains
8. cinnamic acid,
9. myristic acid,
10. palmitelaidic acid,
10. arachidic acid. ,
11. palmitelaidic acid,
13. Etc.
Shui Fei Zi or Milk thistle used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(1218) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals Silymarin and Silibinin in ameliorated amyloid pathology(1216) and oxidative stress(1216)(1217) through attenuated levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) and antioxidant (glutathione) in the hippocampus(1217).
1.1. In Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer disease (AD). a neurodegenerative disorders is the most prevalent diseases in the United States, in aging population(1219). Silymarin, a phytochemical found abundantly in milk thistle, in age related disorders like neurodegenerative diseases improved locomotion rate, higher response to stimuli and tolerance to stress, in C.elegans Alzheimer's Model, through delayed paralysis via enhanced resistance to oxidative stress(1220). In rat induced Alzheimer's disease model, the phytochemical also inhibited amyloid formation(1222) and suppressed amyloid protein precursor (APP) expression(1222)and reduced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells(1222) in improvement memory(1223) and learning function(1221).
1.2. In Parkinson disease
In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, causes od mitochondrial dysfunction and the selective cell death of dopaminergic neurons, silibinin, derivative of silymarin, protected mitochondria through attenuated motor deficit and dopaminergic neuronal loss(1224) and anti oxidative and anti inflammatory pathways(1225).
1.3. In neuroprotective effects
In focal cerebral ischemia, silymarin (SM), a mixture of flavonolignans extracted from the milk thistle exerted it neuroprotective effects, in upregulating the antioxidant status and lowering the apoptotic response in slowing down the progression of neurodegeneration(1226) and preventing inflammation-related neurodegenerative disease(1227) and ROS causing oxidative damage to macromolecules in the brain(1230).
1.4. In cognitive impairment
In cognitive deficit mice model, silibinin exhibited its anti cognitive impairment effects through amelioration of decreases in dopamine and serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, (1228). In amyloid beta peptide-induced memory impairment, the chemicals also improve cognitive memory deficits through attenuated the Abeta(25-35)- accumulation of malondialdehyde and depletion of glutathione in the hippocampus(1229).
Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton
References
(1193) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9468229
(1194) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564545
(1195) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23121838
(1196) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23879966
(1197) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24574320
(1198) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25242120
(1199) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23701595
(1200) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17692492
(1201) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25431050
(1202) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25247194
(1203) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22797645
(1204) http://alternativehealing.org/shui_fei_ji.htm
(1205) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15277093
(1206) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22087179
(1207) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468043
(1208) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24187864
(1209) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22500712
(1210) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24155069
(1211) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25155658
(1212) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162367
(1213) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24719080
(1214) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22866982
(1215) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16769094
(1216) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21185897
(1217) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552690
(1218) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071836
(1219) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25696782
(1220) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613505
(1221) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460990
(1222) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21071836
(1223) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19638571
(1224) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25677261
(1225) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24660866
(1226) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21840019
(1227) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20833521
(1228) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857526
(1229) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19552690
(1230) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19647779
2. Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel)
Xiu Hui Xiang, the acrid and warm herb, is also known as fennel, native to Mediterranean, used in traditional Chinese medicine as anti microbal(1232)(1233), antioxidant(1234)(1235) and emmenagogue(1236) and estrogenic(1244) and androgenic(1245) agents and to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis(1237)(1238), treat hepatic fibrosis(1239), gastro intestine disorder(1240)(1241), decrease hair thickness(1243) and increase flow of breast milk(1242) by enhancing function of liver, kidney, spleen, stomach channels(1231).
Phytoshemicals 1. Linoleic acid
2. Palmitic acid
3. Arachidic acid
4. Behenic acid
5. Quercetin
6. Phytosteryl b-fructofuranoside
7. 7-hydroxycoumarin
8. 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin
9. Oleanolic acid
10. Sitosterol
11. Fenchone
12. α-pinene
13. Limonene
14. β-Pinene
15. β-Myrcene
16. α-Phellandrene
17. P-Cymol
18. Etc.
Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel) used in the treatment of symptoms of neurodegenerative disorder, including age-related mental problems of Alzheimer's disease(1246)) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in acetylcholinesterase inhibition(1246) and anti inflammation(1247) through suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway(1247) involved stress, cell signaling, free radicals, oxidized LDL,activities(1248)(1249)(1250)(1251).
1. In anxiolytic activity
Anxiety is a condition of neurodisorder of unpleasant state of inner turmoil with fear of the presence and future, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersAmerican Psychiatric Association, effecting patients with dementia, including familial Alzheimer's disease(1252) and other neuropsychiatric disorders(1254). Fennel, a medical herb used in many cultures, have shown effectively in treating anxiety, epidemiologically. In adult Swiss albino male mice, oral administration 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of fennel essential oil significantly increased percent number of entries and time spent in open arms in elevated plus maze (EPM) test(1255).
2. In learning and memory
Fennels, the most widely used herbal plant in the world(1256) used in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy for memory enhancing(1257). In Alzheimer's disease, induced a decline of cognitive abilities in mice model, fennel extract successfully ameliorated the amnesic effect of scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) and aging- induced memory deficits in 8 days in dose-depend maner, through increased step-down latency and acetylcholinesterase inhibition(1258)
References
(1231) http://alternativehealing.org/xiao_hui_xiang.htm
(1232) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25384804
(1233) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21462837
(1234) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21812646
(1235) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25143939
(1236) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=fennel+emmenagogue
(1237) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22447109
(1238) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25050267
(1239) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22475144
(1240) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22433535
(1241) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20433751
(1242) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999244
(1243) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24490010
(1244) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6999244
(1245) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13678227
(1246) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=fennel+dementia
(1247) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15659827
(1248) http://www.nature.com/onc/journal/v25/n51/full/1209954a.html
(1249) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1385%2FCT%3A6%3A2%3A111
(1250) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10602459
(1251) http://www.nature.com/nrm/journal/v8/n1/full/nrm2083.html
(1252) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25688083
(1253) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25687925
(1254) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653291
(1255) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=fennel+and+anxiety
(1256) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25162032
(1257) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23275017
3. Da Suan(Garlic)
Da suan, the acrid, warm herb, is also known as garlic, native all over the world, used in traditional Chinese medicine as antibiotic(1259)(1260), anti aging(1261)(1262), anti cancers(1263)(1264)(1265), anti diabetic(1266)(1267), anti arterio-sclerosis anti platelet coagulation(1268)(1269) agents and treat to cardiovascular diseases(1270)(1271)(1272), lower blood pressure(1273)(1274), blood lipids(1275)(1276)(1277) and promote immunity(1278)(1279)(1280) and capillary circulation(1281)(1282) by enhancing functions of large intestine, lung, spleen, stomach. channels(1258).
Phytochemicals
1. Allyl methyl sulfide
2. Diallyl sulfide
3. 6-methyl-1-thio-2
4. 4-cyclohexadiene
5. Dimethyl sulfide
6. Divinyl sulfide
7. Dimethyl disulfide
8. Allyl methyl disulfide
9. Dithiocyclopentene
10. 5-methyl-1, 2-dithio-3-cyclopentene
11.Allyl propyl disulfide
12. 4-methyl-1
13. 2-dithio-3-cyclopentene
14. Allyl propyl trisulfide
15. Diallyl tetrasulfide
16. Dipropyl disulfide
17. Methyl propyl trisulfide
18. Allyl methyl tetrasulfide
19. Allyl methyl pentasulfide
20. Etc.
Da Suan(Garlic) used in the treatment of symptoms of dementia(1283)(1284)(1285), including Alzheimer's pathophysiology(1288)(1289) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals aged garlic extract and S-allyl-L-cysteine and extracts(1284) in oxidative stress inhibition(1284) and anti progression involved association of degeneration and neuro inflammatory activity(1286) through neuro protection against amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis(1285) and toxicity(1287).
1.1. In Alzheimer's disease
Strong evidences suggested that deposited amyloid-beta(Abeta) has shown to associated to the progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1290)(1291)(1292), In mouse model induced by neurotoxic amyloid beta protein (Aβ), ethyl acetate fractions of garlic extract exhibited high levels of radical scavenging activity involved cognitive impairment against Aβ-induced neuronal deficit and Aβ-induced learning and memory deficits in vivo(1293). According to Indiana University School of Medicine, the extracts also attenuated synaptic degeneration and neuroinflammatory pathways associated with AD, through major phytochemical S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) (1294), including oxidative insults to neurons(1295). In Alzheimer's transgenic model Tg2576, dietary aged garlic extract (AGE) (2%) showed to exhibited anti-amyloidogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tangle effects also through its phytochemicals S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) (20 mg/kg) and di-allyl-disulfide (DADS)(1296) without without interfering with its antibiotic activity in ameliorate gentamicin (GM)effectiveness(1297).
1.2. In Parkinson disease
Olfactory dysfunction(1298)(1299) in non-motor functioning and hyposmia(1300)(1301)/anosmia(1302)(1303) are common manifestation in some neurodegenerative disorders caused by oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory insults(1305), including Parkinson disease. Dietary supplement S-methyl-L-cysteine, a substrate in the catalytic antioxidant system mediated by MSRA showed to protect cells from oxidative damage through its antioxidative effect(1304) when used conjunction with methionine sulfoxide reductase A in Parkinson's-like symptoms(1304).
1.3. In Cognitive impairment
In early cognitive deficits caused by gradually of accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) oligomers of Abeta42 species, aged garlic extract, in mice model, prevented progressive behavioral impairment, slowed plaque development, through protection against deterioration of hippocampal based memory(1306), In Alzheimer's disease induced mice model, S-allyl cysteine, a component of aged garlic extract, ameliorated cognitive deficits and oxidative damage in the hippocampus of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)(1308). According to Gyeongsang National University, the effectiveness of aged garlic extracts, in neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease(AD), may be due to its antioxidant activities in improvement of cognitive impairment against Aβ-induced neuronal deficit(1307).
1.4. In learning and memory
Acute and chronic oral administration of aged garlic extract, in mice using step down latency (SDL) by passive avoidance response and transfer latency (TL) using elevated plus maze, improved learning and memory probably due to cortical acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels activities and anti-oxidant property(1309). In oxidative damage and spatial learning and memory deficits induced mice model, S-allylcysteine exerted its protective effect against reactive oxygen species. Abeta(25-35)-induced hippocampal toxicity and learning deficits, through its free radical scavenging and ameliorated lipid peroxidation activities(1310).
References
(1258) http://alternativehealing.org/garlic.htm
(1259) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10594976
(1260) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11759674
(1261) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24066081
(1262) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9131291
(1263) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25078449
(1264) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24859825
(1265) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24309133
(1266) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23543654
(1267) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23923607
(1268) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17918162
(1269) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10192909
(1270) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25141365
(1271) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16484559
(1272) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067391
(1273) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24172194
(1274) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24199984
(1285) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25671065
(1276) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25575520
(1277) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23194526
(1278) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24564587
(1279) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24122196
(1280) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22717023
(1281) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24989289
(1282) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16868359
(1283) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21376020
(1284) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21166677
(1285) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12165737
(1286) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21728972
(1287) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21499478
(1288) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18844255
(1289) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16842945
(1290) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24519982
(1291) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20061605
(1292) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23713775
(1293) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24134394
(1294) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21728972
(1295) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21166677
(1296) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16842945
(1297) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15934032
(1298) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25640661
(1299) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24262869
(1300) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25546094
(1301) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25506732
(1302) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20083801
(1303) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20603494
(1304) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18032652
(1305) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11295356
(1306) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17380553
(1307) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24134394
(1308) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21376020
(1309) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24579375
(1310) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15087243
V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.5. According to TCM philosophy, dementia is also to be induced by the combination/or of Kidney essence vacuity and toxin (turbid phlegm).
C.5.2. Dementia due to aging depletion of Kidney Essence
Aging related to gradual lost of kidney essence effects the bone and bone marrow in production of red blood cells causes of nutrient and oxygen deficiency in the brain in induction of symptoms of dementia(1311)(1312).
1. Dong Chong Cao(Cordyceps)
Dong Chong Cao, the sweet and warm herb, is also known as cordyceps, used in traditional Chinese medicine as anti-arrhythmia, anti-rejection in cornea transplant, antimicrobal effects and to attenuate contraction of smooth muscles, protect against toxins induced kedney and liver diseases, treat chronic lower back pain, impotence, chronic cough and wheezing, blood in phlegm,... as its tonifies lung yin and kidney yang by enhancing the functions of lung and kidney channels(1313).
Phtochemicals
1. Cordyceps polysaccharide
2. Ergosterol
3. Cordycepic acid
4. Lysine
5. Aspartic acid
6. Threonine
7. Taurine
8. Etc.
In in vitro and in vivo model of Alzheimer's disease, methanol extracts of dong chon cao, prevented the beta-amyloid((25-35) induced neuro cell death(1314) and in rat model of ADs, its phytochemical ophioglossoides significantly prevented spatial memory loss by intracranial injection of Abeta(1314), probably through its free radical scavenging activity(1314).
References
(1313) http://alternativehealing.org/dong_chong_xia_cao.htm
(1314) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Cordyceps+and+dementia
2. Shi Hu(Dendrobium)
the sweet, bland, slightly cold herb, is also known as Dendrobiu, used in traditional Chinese medicine as anti diabetic(1315)(1316)) and anti-hyperglycemic((1317)(1318))and anti microbial(1319)(1320) agents caused by yin deficiency and to treat thirsty(1315)(1316), thromboangitis obliterans, chronic throat infection, blurry vision(1321)(1322), weak lower back,... by enhancing the lung, stomach channels(1323).
Phytochemicals
1. Ophiopogonin
2. Ruscogenin
3. β-sitosterol β
4. Stigmasterol
5. Dendrobine
6. Nobilonine
7. 6-hydroxydendrobine
8. Etc.
According to Zunyi Medical College, alkaloids enriched extract from Dendrobium Nobile Lindl. (EDNLA), showed to inhibit paired helical filaments of hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, in neurofibrillary tangles, a pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1324). In rat model administrated intragastrically with different doses of DNLA (20, 40 mg/kg), attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg) injecting into the bilateral ventricle, induced hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in rat's hippocampus and protect against LPS-induced apoptosis in rat brain(1325).
References
(1315) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25685822
(1316) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24846859
(1317) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15719686
(1318) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18831216
(1319) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22715718
(1320) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21181405
(1321) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23847958
(1322) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19852302
(1323) http://alternativehealing.org/shi_hu.htm
(1324) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Dendrobium+and+Alzheimer's+disease
3. Du Zhong(Eucommia bark)
Du Zhong, the sweet, slightly acrid, and warm, is also known as eucommia bark, used in traditional Chinese medicine as anti stress(1325)(1326), anti diuretic(1336), anti inflammatory(1327)(1328), anti infectious(1329), sedative and anesthesia and anti-aging(1336) agents and to treat hypertension(1330)(1331), chronic pain in lower back and knees(1332)(1336), lack of strength, dizziness, impotence(1337), irregular menses and frequent urination(1336) and protect against unstable pregnancy(1336),.... by enhancing the functions of liver and kidney channels(1333).
Phytochemicals
1. Eucommiol
2. Eucommioside
3. Eucommioside-I
4. Cpmoferom
5. Dehydrodiconife4ryl alcohol-4
6. Gamma'-di-O0betta-D-glucopyranoside
7. Liriodendrin
8. (+) -syringaresinol-di-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside
9. (+)-syringa resinol O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside
10. (+)-syringaresinol monoglucoside
11. syringin
12. Etc.
1. In learning and memory
In scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments, and a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ(25-35) mice models, oral administration of aqueous extract of Eucommia bark or the whole herb significantly reversed learning and memory deficits, through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE)(1335) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner(1334)(1335).
2. In Alzheimer's disease (AD)
In hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced neuronal cell death in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark. (EUE), increased cell viability and inhibited cytotoxicity and DNA condensation, through attenuated the increase in ROS production and MMP involved increased risk of dementia reduction(1337).
3. In neuroprotective effects
In PC-12 cells injury mediated by Aβ(25-35) eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (EUO) bark and leaf's phytochemicals, geniposidic acid and chlorogenic acid, significantly protect PC-12 cells against the cytotoxicity(1338). In amyloid beta(25-35) (Aβ(25-35))-induced learning and memory impairments mice
model, the herb laso exhibited neuroprotective effects through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus and frontal cortex(1235).
References
(1325) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24440915
(1326) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11749801
(1327) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735174
(1328) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25575468
(1329) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Eucommia+bark+anti+infection
(1330) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214253
(1331) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20347950
(1332) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Eucommia+bark++pain
(1333) (1317) http://alternativehealing.org/du_zhong.htm
(1334) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24404337
(1335) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20974223
(1336) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735663
(1337) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24296089
(1338) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21784025
4. Huang qi(Astragalus)
Huang qi, the slightly sweet herb, is also known as astragalus root used in traditional Chinese medicine as immune stimulant(1339)(1342)(1343), tonic(1339)(1344), antioxidant(1339)(1341), hepatoprotectant(1339)(1345)(1346), diuretic(1339), antidiabetic(1339)(1347)(1348), anticancer(1339)(1349)(1350)(1351), expectoran(1339)(1352) and antibiotics(1340) agents and to lessen proteinuria in chronic kidney diseases(1353)(1354), lower blood pressure(1355)(1356) and endothelial dysfunction(1356), improve endurance and protect liver against diseases(1357)(1358),... by enhancing the functions of lung and spleen channels(1359).
Phytochemicals
1. Astralagus menbranaceus
2. Astragaloside I
3. Astragaloside II
4. Daucosterol
5. Beta-sitosterol
6. Palmitic acid
7. Astragalus saponin A,B,C
8. Astramenbrangenin
9. Etc.
Huang qi(Astragalus root) used in the treatment of symptoms of dementia(1360)(1261))(1362)(1362), including Alzheimer's pathophysiology(1363) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemical astragalosides (AST) and extracts(1365)(1363) in oxidative stress inhibition(1363) and anti progression involved association of neuronal cell apoptosis(1363) through inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity(1364), level glucocorticoids (GCs) and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide deposition(1367) and decreasing the expression level of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus(1365)(1366), ROS generation and neurotoxicity(1368)(1369).
1. In learning and memory
Polysaccharides (APS), isolated from Astragalus, in aging female SD rats model, according to the open-field test and the Morris water maze task, improved learning and memory functions of aged rats through up-regulation in the hippocampus neural plasticity protein expression(1370). In rats induced neurologic damage of hippocampus by electromagnetic field (EMF) acute or chronic irradiation, Chinese medicine diet (CMD) comprised ferulic acid, ginsenoside, astragalus polysaccharide and rhodiola sachalinensis, showed to protect the impaired learning and memory, the neuron apoptosis, through ameliorating superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)(1371). In intermittent hypoxia-induced hippocampal neurons impairment rats, astragaloside IV, astragaloside II and astragaloside I, the main compounds in astragals extract inhibited the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, decreased the expression of protein level involved imapir learning and memory(1372). According to Anhui Medical University, learning and memory impairments and neurons' apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids in 12-month-old male mice model, extract of Astragalus, improved learning and memory impairments and prevented neuronal cell apoptosis, through increased immunohistochemistry demonstrate in hippocampus and neocortex and decreased activity of mitochondrial death pathway after nuron cell death(1373).
2. In Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease
Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and stress-level glucocorticoids correlated with dementia progression have shown to associated to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease(1374)(1375), Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the major active constituents of Astragalus and extract of Astragalus, prevented Aβ1-42-induced neuron cell apoptosis, and ROS generation(1374) and down regulate the protein level builds up as Alzheimer's disease progresses, involved degeneration of hippocampus (CA1, CA3) and neocortex(1375).
According to Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Astragalus, one of the herb used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment neuro degenerative diseases showed to modulate multiple key events or signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of PD(1376), probably through its phytochemical Astragaloside IV in promoted neurite outgrowth and increased immunoreactive of dopaminergic neurons caused by ROS(1377).
3. In neuroprotective effects
In experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage induced early brain injury rat model, Astragaloside IV, a major chemical component isolated from Astragalus, exerted its antioxidative and anti-apoptotic effects(1378)(1379), against increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level, neuronal apoptosis and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)(1378).Myelophil, a combination of extracts isplated from Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, in brain dysfunctions animal model, also exhibited its anti oxidative stress, ROS activity through attenuated total glutathione (GSH) content, and the activities of GSH-reductase, GSH-S-transferase via ameliorated protein and gene expression(1380) and inflammation and regulating stress hormones(1381).
References
(1311) https://books.google.ca/books?id=oea9BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=Kidney+Essence+and+aging+dementia&source=bl&ots=tOfAsR-Vrk&sig=hvLIdsWGFNBy2hDoeuB5YvIPQlU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QcjsVKSiKoeeyASu4oHACg&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Kidney%20Essence%20and%20aging%20dementia&f=false
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