Monday, 13 January 2014

Bayberry Juice and Non acoholic fatty liver disease(NALFD)

Bay berry is a species of Myrica gale, genus Myrica, belonging to  the family Myricaceae. Beside many nutrients, it also consists chemical constituents of Gallic acid, quercetin hexoside, quercetin deoxyhexoside, quercetin, anthocyanins, flavonols, and elllagitannins, etc.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption. 

The benefits
Bayberry juice is one  of favorite drink among Chinese citizens. the fruits has been cultivated over 2000 years in Chinese literature for foods and medical use. Because of it recently found  to contain certain chemicals with antioxidant effects, the fruits and its juice are being promoted as healthy products for commercial profits. In folk medicine, the fruit has been used in treating jaundice, painful and colitis, diarrhea, and nausea, etc.. Its main ingredient, anthocyanins, has been found to be effective in some studies for treating cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of 44 participants (ages 18-25 y) given 250 mL of either bayberry juice or placebo twice daily for 4 wk, Bay berry juice is found to decrease inflammation and infection, liver cell apoptosis, and death of liver tissues as well as reduction of the risk of steatosis progreeion to cause NALFD. Of that results, researchers suggested that consumption of bayberry juice for a period of 4 wk can protect against NAFLD  and its juice may be a candidate for potential prevention and treatment of  Non acoholic fatty liver disease(NALFD).

The Side effects
1. Tannins found in bayberry may induce a drying effect on the skin and allergic effect in some patients
2. Bayberry may interactive with some prescription and non prescription medicine.
3. Etc.


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References
(1) Chemical composition of clarified bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) juice sediment by Fang Z, Zhang M, Tao G, Sun Y, Sun J.(PubMed)(2) One-month strawberry-rich anthocyanin supplementation ameliorates cardiovascular risk, oxidative stress markers and platelet activation in humans.

Alvarez-Suarez JM1, Giampieri F2, Tulipani S3, Casoli T4, Di Stefano G5, González-Paramás AM6, Santos-Buelga C6, Busco F7, Quiles JL8, Cordero MD9, Bompadre S10, Mezzetti B11, Battino M12.(PubMed)
(3) Anthocyanins and their role in cancer prevention by Wang LS, Stoner GD.(PubMed)
(4) Effects of bayberry juice on inflammatory and apoptotic markers in young adults with features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by Guo H1, Zhong R2, Liu Y2, Jiang X3, Tang X3, Li Z3, Xia M4, Ling W3.(PubMed)
(5) Anaphylaxis and generalized urticaria from eating Chinese bayberry fruit by Wang HY, Gao ZS, Yang ZW, Shao JX, Zhao XZ, Dai Y, Van Ree R.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Strawberries and Breast cancer

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.


Nutrients and Chemicals constituents
1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 
The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.

The benefits
The consumption of berry fruits, including strawberries, has been suggested to have beneficial effects to human health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. methanolic extract of strawberry (MESB) fruits in treatment of mice bearing breast adenocarcinoma with MESB blocked the proliferation of tumor cells in a time-dependent manner and resulted in extended life span. Other in the study of the anti cancer effects of The berry extracts showed an ability to inhibit the growth of human oral (KB, CAL-27), breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29, HCT116), and prostate (LNCaP) tumor cell lines at concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 micro g/mL. by increasing inhibition of cell proliferation in all of the cell lines.

The Side effects
1. Some people may beexperience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.
3. Etc. 

References
(1) Extracts of strawberry fruits induce intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in breast cancer cells and inhibits tumor progression in mice.by Somasagara RR, Hegde M, Chiruvella KK, Musini A, Choudhary B, Raghavan SC.(PubMed)
(2) Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro.by Seeram NP, Adams LS, Zhang Y, Lee R, Sand D, Scheuller HS, Heber D.(PubMed)

Potassium and metabolic syndrome

Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
Metabolic syndrome
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, insulin resistance often goes along with other health problems, such as diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. These problems are all risk factors for heart disease. When a person has many of these problems at the same time, doctors commonly call it “metabolic syndrome.” It is sometimes called “insulin resistance syndrome” or “syndrome X.” Many people who have type 2 diabetes also have metabolic syndrome
Other defined it as a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of 3 out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels. The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure, and diabetes.

The benefits
Lower potassium intake may be associated to increased risk of diabetes. The Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2008-2010, The incidence was more prominent in postmenopausal women, but not among men. Diet higher potassium is significantly associated with reduced risk of  Metabolic syndrome in women, as well as insulin resistance (IR). In a cross-sectional study in 10,341 participants aged 40 years or older also supported the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese with low serum potassium level. Nordic diet containing important potassium sources with intake in potatoes, fruit and berries, vegetables and milk products, is found to decreased diastolic ambulatory BP and mean arterial pressure as well as  metabolic syndrome, may be attributed to higher intake of potassium products.

The Side effects
Overdose of potassium, also known as hyperkalemia may result of symptoms of hypotension, stomach cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, irritability, fatigue, etc., and in some cases, it can be life-threatening due to electrolyte abnormality.

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References
1. Metabolic syndrome (Wikipedia)
2.  Metabolic syndrome, (American Academy of Family Physicians)
3. Potassium intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010 by Lee H, Lee J, Hwang SS, Kim S, Chin HJ, Han JS, Heo NJ.(PubMed)
4. Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on ambulatory blood pressure in metabolic syndrome: a randomized SYSDIET sub-study by Brader L , Uusitupa M, Dragsted LO, Hermansen K.(PubMed)
5. Serum potassium level is associated with metabolic syndrome: A population-based study by Sun K, Su T, Li M, Xu B, Xu M, Lu J, Liu J, Bi Y, Ning G.(PubMed)

Phytochemical Triterpenoid and Non alcoholic Fatty liver disease

Triterpenoid is a various unsaturated hydrocarbons, found in essential oils and oleoresins of plants, including Ilex hainanensis Merr.

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.  

Progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to Non alcoholic liver disease is inevitable if left untreated. Ilex hainanensis Merr. is the Chinese herb used to treat for hypertension, dyslipidemia and inflammation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCMs) and may be a potential medicine to treat Non alcoholic fatty disease. In the study to test the effect of Triterpenoid-rich fraction (TP) from Ilex hainanensis Merr. on NAFLD with Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a normal diet (control) or high fat diet (NAFLD model), after 4 weeks, the high fat diet group was orally administrated TF (250 mg/kg) for another two weeks. TP not only improves the symptoms of the subjects, but also decreases the levels of triglyceride , total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, abnormality of lipid accumulation , levels of inflammation and infection and apoptosis response in the liver. Of these results, TF is found to be effective in protecting liver against NAFLD by regulating lipids metabolism and alleviating insulin resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress.

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Reference
(1) Pharmacokinetic study of major bioactive components in rats after oral administration of extract of Ilex hainanensis by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry by Jie Yanga, 1, Fang Lva, 1, Xiao-qing Chenb, Wei-xi Cuia, Li-hong Chenc, Xiao-dong Wena, Qiang Wanga(Science direct)
(2) Triterpenoid-rich fraction from Ilex hainanensis Merr. attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet in rats by Cui WX, Yang J, Chen XQ, Mao Q, Wei XL, Wen XD, Wang Q.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Beet (Beta vulgaris) and Type 2 diabetes

Beet is best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belong to the amaranth family. It is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
Endothelial dysfunction is a condition of abnormal function of inner lining of blood vessels, such as a defect in the production or activity of nitric oxide.

Nutrients and chemical Constituents
1. Energy
2. Carbohydrates
3. fiber
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Beta-carotene
7. Trytophan
8. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
9. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
10. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
11. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
12. Vitamin B6
13. Folate (Vitamin B9)
14. Vitamin C
15. Calcium
16. Iron
17. Magnesium
18. Copper
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Magnesium
23. Betacyanin
24. Betaine
25. Etc.
Beside the major chemical constituents betalains and phenolics, it also contains lesser amount of isobetanin, probetanin, neobetanin, indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthins, etc.

The Benefits
Endothelial dysfunctionis associated with patients with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. evidences insome studies suggested that postprandial endothelial function was improve in patients with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes, after a single dose of a Exenatide, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (GLP-1 agonist) medication just before the meal. In the study to test the effects of  endothelial function after the intake of beetroot juice in overweight and slightly obese men following a mixed meal,, the postprandial impairment in Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was improved, plasma concentrations of the circulating NO pool were higher at T60, T120, and T240. Of these results, researchers suggested that a single dose of beet juice attenuates the postprandial impairment of FMD following a mixed meal and may be a potential alternative option to treat early onset of patient with type II diabetes, with little or no side effects.

Side effects
1.
Oxalates Oxalates in the beet can cause kidney and gallbadder problem. People with above diseases should contact their doctor before consuming.
2. Increase the rick of lowering calcium absorption for people with weak digestive system.
3. Etc.



References
(1) Improvement of Postprandial Endothelial Function After a Single Dose of Exenatide in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabete, by Juraj Koska, MD, Eric A. Schwartz, PHD, Michael P. Mullin, BS, Dawn C. Schwenke, PHD and, Peter D. Reaven, MD(Canadian Diabetes Association)
(2) Beetroot juice improves in overweight and slightly obese men postprandial endothelial function after consumption of a mixed meal by Joris PJ, Mensink RP.(PubMed)

Food Therapy - Strawberries and Oral cancer

Strawberry is a genius of Fragaria × ananassa belongs to the family Roseaceae. They have been grown all over the world with suitable climate for commercial profits and for health benefits.
Oral cancer is any malignant cell growth in the tissue located in the oral cavity, including the tissue of the lips or the tongue, cheek lining, floor of the mouth, gums (gingiva) and the roof of the mouth (palate).


Nutrients and Chemicals constituents

1. Carbohydrate
2. Dietary fiber
3. Omega 3 fatty acid
4. Calcium
5. Iron
6. Magnesium
7. Phosphorus
8. Potassium
9. Sodium
10. Zinc
11. Copper
12. Manganese
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Thiamin
16. Niacin
17. Pantothenic acid
18. Vitamin B-6
19. Folate
20. Vitamin B-12
21. Vitamin A
22. Vitamin E
23. Vitamin K
24. Etc. 

The major chemical compounds include anthocyanin and ellagitannins and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, cyanidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin

The benefits
Strawberries contain multiple phenolic compounds, which are thought to contribute to their biological properties in reducing the risk of cancer and chronic diseases. the anthocyanins, the major constituent found in strawberry were the most potent antioxidants in the inhibition of  the growth of human oral (CAL-27, KB) cancer cells with different sensitivities observed between cell lines. Other chemical constituents such as anthocyanins, flavonols, flavanols, ellagitannins, gallotannins, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acids, are also found to be potent in inhibition of oral cancer in increasing concentration manner.

The Side effects
1. Some people may beexperience anaphylactoid reaction to the consumption of strawberries

2. Oxalation
Oxalates in high concentration can cause problem for people with kidney diseases.
3. Etc.  
References
(1) Isolation and identification of strawberry phenolics with antioxidant and human cancer cell antiproliferative properties. by Zhang Y, Seeram NP, Lee R, Feng L, Heber D.(PubMed)
(2) Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro by Seeram NP, Adams LS, Zhang Y, Lee R, Sand D, Scheuller HS, Heber D.(PubMed)

Peony and Non alcoholic Fatty liver disease

Mu Dan Pi or Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis) is also known as peony. The acrid, bitter and mild cool herb has been used in TCM as anti micro organism, anti inflammatory agent and to enhance circulation and immune system, etc., as it clears heat and cools the blood, clears fire of yin deficiency, clear blood stasis and rid of clots, etc., by enhancing the functions of heart, liver and kidney channels.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.  

Ingredients 
1. Paeonol
2. Paeonoside
3. Paeonolide
4. Apiopaeonoside
5. Ozypaeoniflorin
6. Benzoylpaeoniflorin
7. Benzoyl-oxypaeoniflorin
8. Gallic aid
9. 1,23,4,6-pentagalloylglucose
10. Etc.


The benefits
Peony, a very popular Chinese herb is emerging as in many study for its Anti-inflammatory, anticoagulative , Anti-microbial and cytokine modulating effects, as well as properties as treatments of arthritis and asthma. In the study of the effects of peony in Non alcoholic liver disease caused by insulin resistance with Adult SD rats fed on high-fat-sugar-salt diet for 56 days, then divided randomly into nonalcoholic fatty liver model group, metformin group (0.2 g x kg(-1)) and total glucosides of paeony group. Oral administration of total glucosides of paeony group, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistence were resisted, the levels of free fatty acids (FFA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] were decreased, HDL-C were increased, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholinesterase (ChE) were decreased and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased. Of these result, researchers suggested that paeony may consist a potential effect in protecting liver function and modulate serum lipid for the fatty liver rats caused by insulin resistance.

Side Effects 1, Do not use the herb in case of excessive menstruation, bleeding due to Yin deficiency
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children, or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with related field specialist
3. Etc.


Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

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References
(1) Chinese Herbs – Mu Dan Pi or Dan Pi (Cortex Moutan Radicis)
(2) [Effects of total glucosides of paeony on enhancing insulin sensitivity and antagonizing nonalcoholic fatty liver in rats].[Article in Chinese] by Zheng LY, Pan JQ, Lv JH.(PubMed)