Sunday, 12 January 2014

Herbal Burdock and Antibacterial activity

Burdock is plant in the group of biennial thistles, genus Arctium, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Euro. It has been used over thousand of years in Chins and other traditional herbal medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent and to treat wounds and infections stomach ulcers and other digestive problems.

The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.

The benefits
An ethyl acetate fraction (AcOEt) extracted from Arctium lappa or Burdock has exerted its anti bacterial effective in the testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Its rough extracts from leaves of Arctium lappa, also exhibited specificity against the target microorganisms and may be a potential effective  in the tested endodontic pathogens. Other in the study of Extracts of 13 Brazilian medicinal plants  for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts, including Burdock, suggested that the herb may be a ethnobotanical use of the studied species for the treatment of various infectious diseases.


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References
(1) In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Arctium lappa as a phytotherapeutic agent used in intracanal dressings by Gentil M, Pereira JV, Sousa YT, Pietro R, Neto MD, Vansan LP, de Castro França S.(PubMed)
(2) Antimicrobial activity of Arctium lappa constituents against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections by Pereira JV, Bergamo DC, Pereira JO, França Sde C, Pietro RC, Silva-Sousa YT.(PubMed)
(3) Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases by Holetz FB, Pessini GL, Sanches NR, Cortez DA, Nakamura CV, Filho BP.(PubMed)

Herbal Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and antiinflammatory activities

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is one of the species of Bearberry, in the genus Arctostaphylos, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to the northern North America, Asia and Europe. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as diuretic agent and to treat urinary problems, including bladder infections, kidney infection, kidney stone, pelvic pain, etc.
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The Ingredients It contains arbutin, ursolic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, some essential oil and resin, hydroquinones tannins,  phenolic glycosides and flavonoids.

The benefits
Water extract (UW-ext) collected from the the leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng (Bearberry leaf), is found to exhibit its anti-inflammatory effects in ear swelling by picryl chloride-induced contact dermatitis (PC-CD) and carrageenin-induced paw edema. arbutin isolated from the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., when combined with and indomethacin on Type IV allergic reaction-induced immuno-inflammation, carrageenin-induced edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis, found to be effective as arbutin may increase the inhibitory action of indomethacin on PC-CD, SRBC-DTH, carrageenin-induced edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis, but further investigations are required to understand the mechanism involved. Other study also indicated that 50% methanolic extract (U-ext), containing arbutin, possesses a therapeutic effect against immuno-inflammation induced by  by picryl chloride (PC-CD) and also increases the inhibitory effect of prednisolone.

The Side effect
1. Overdoses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including cause nausea, vomiting, etc. and fever, chills, severe back pain, ringing in the ears, etc.
2. The herb may interact with other medicine, including diuretic
3. Do not use the herb in new born, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
4. Etc.


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Optimal Health And Loose Weight

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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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References
(1) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. V. Effect of water extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) on the antiallergic and antiinflammatory activities of dexamethasone ointment].[Article in Japanese] by Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Tanaka T, Kubo M.(PubMed)
(2) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. III. Combined effect of arbutin and indomethacin on immuno-inflammation].[Article in Japanese] by Matsuda H, Tanaka T, Kubo M.(PubMed)
(3) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. I. Combined effect of 50% methanolic extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) and prednisolone on immuno-inflammation].[Article in Japanese] by Kubo M, Ito M, Nakata H, Matsuda H.(PubMed)

Herbal Andrographis and Anti-fertility

Andrographis paniculata is also known as Andrographis is a herbaceous plant, genus Andrographis, belonging to the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. It has been used in traditional Siddha and Ayurvedic in treating the common cold, flu, upper respiratory infections, infectious diseases, diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, pneumonia, swollen lymph nodes, leprosy, bronchitis, sore throats, tuberculosis, chicken pox, etc.
Anti-fertility is an act with intention to prevent, reduce or destroy fertility by using substances such as contraceptives, herbal medicine in under developing world.

The Ingredients
Beside the main ingredient andrographolides, giving the plant a bitter taste, other ingredients includediterpene lactones, such as: neoandrographolide, andrographiside, 14-doexy-11, 12-didehydro andrographolide, etc., flavonoinds viz., oroxylin, wogonin, andrographidines A, B, C, D, E, F.

The Benefits
Kan Jang--a fixed combination of Andrographis paniculata special extract (SHA-10) and Acanthopanax senticosus, although the herbal mix extract revealed no significant negative effect on male semen quality and fertility, but rather a positive trend with respect to the number of spermatozoids in the whole ejaculate, the percentage of active (normokinetic) forms of spermatozoids, and fertility indexes, together with a decrease in the percentage of inactive (diskinetic) forms of spermatozoids. Dry leaf powder of A. paniculata increases the risk accumulating of glycogen and cholesterol in the testis, and increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase in testis and alkaline phosphatase in testis and ventral prostate, thus reducing the risk of fertility. But in other study, Extract of Andrographis paniculata Nees (A paniculata) standardized to >or=10% andrographolide, have found to be no effect on total sperm count and sperm motility and levels of testosteroneand fertility indices in treatment groups were found to be comparable with that of the control in rats.

The Side effects
 People with gallbladder disease may want to consult with their doctor before using because of the herb stimulating gallbladder contraction effect.


Chinese Secrets To Fatty Liver And Obesity Reversal
Use The Revolutionary Findings To Achieve 
Optimal Health And Loose Weight

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Herbal Therapy http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/herbal-therapies.html

References
(1) Antifertility effect of Andrographis paniculata (Nees) in male albino rat by Akbarsha MA, Manivannan B, Hamid KS, Vijayan B.(PubMed)
(2) A phase I clinical study of Andrographis paniculata fixed combination Kan Jang versus ginseng and valerian on the semen quality of healthy male subjects by Mkrtchyan A, Panosyan V, Panossian A, Wikman G, Wagner H.(PubMed)
(3) Reproductive and fertility effects of an extract of Andrographis paniculata in male Wistar rats, by Allan JJ, Pore MP, Deepak M, Murali B, Mayachari AS, Agarwal A.(PubMed)

Antioxidants and Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.  

Antioxidants have been found to assist the body in selfrepairment of the cell damage caused by oxidative stress in balancing of the electrons. Oxidative stress is found to cause hepatic damage in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and these imbalances in some researches were found to be associated in patients with Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In a prospective study of 29 patients with NAFLD, 25 diseased controls with chronic viral hepatitis, and 23 healthy controls, lipid peroxidation are significantly increased among patients with NAFLD compared to healthy subjects, but there were no significant correlation between histological grading or staging and levels of pro and antioxidants. This study demonstrate that oxidative may be considered as a potential cause in managing patients with Non alcoholic fatty disease.

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References
(1) Oxidant stress and antioxidant status among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Madan K, Bhardwaj P, Thareja S, Gupta SD, Saraya A.(PubMed)
(2) [Investigation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in patients with hepatitis B virus infection and the effect of interferon-alpha plus lamivudine combination therapy on oxidative stress].[Article in Turkish. by Acar A, Görenek L, Aydin A, Eyigün CP, Eken A, Sayal A, Pahsa A.(PubMed)

Weight Loss and Non alcoholic liver disease

Healthy Weight loss is defined as a reduction of the total body mass for the purpose in improving heath due to related illness, including heart diseases, stroke, over expression of cholesterol, fatty liver, etc.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.  

Non alcoholic fatty liver diseases is widespread in Western world with no affirmative treatment. Most physicians suggested healthy diet with less in saturated  and trans fat and reduction of  patients' weight would be beneficial in management of the disease. As n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)has been found to be effective in treating  patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with hyperlipidemia with no adverse effects. In the study of the effect of weight reduction diet as an exclusive treatment for NAFLD, in 44 patients with NAFLD whom  received a diet including a 500 to 1000 kcal per day intake reduction as30% fat, 15% protein, and 55% carbohydrate for six months, reduction of body weight, waist circumference and decrease diastolic blood pressure are significant. Total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, ALT, AST, GGT and CK18-M30 levels were significantly decreased as well. Of these result, weight reduction diet should be considered as a therapy in managing non alcoholic liver disease.

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References
(1) How Much Weight Loss is Effective on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? by Ghaemi A, Taleban FA, Hekmatdoost A, Rafiei A, Hosseini V, Amiri Z, Homayounfar R, Fakheri H.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from seal oils on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with hyperlipidemia by Zhu FS, Liu S, Chen XM, Huang ZG, Zhang DW.(PubMed)

Bastard Teak and Non alcoholic Liver disease (NAFLD)

Bastard Teak (Premna tomentosa) is Indian ayurvedic medicine used widely in the treatment of liver disorder.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.  

The prevalence of non alcoholic of liver disease is worrisome to Western world as it not only effects the organs donors, but also increase the medical cost in the future. AS well known, the liver is the first live of defense in detoxifying toxin accumulated in the body, and healthy liver is associated with  a balanced diet that includes nutrients and herbs that support a healthy liver. In the study of the extracts from the ayurvedic plant, Premna tomentosa (PT), pretreatment of (750 mg/kg, orally) for 15 days and then induced with hepatotoxicity by AA (640 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in animals, was found to significantly inhibit induced alterations in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, phospholipids, serum lipoproteins, and lipid-metabolizing enzymes, as well as to exert a beneficial effect against liver injury-induced membrane damage. Of that result, the extract may be considered for human trial for it efficacy in treating liver disorder, including Non alcoholic fatty disease.

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References
(1) Assessment of the protective potential of Premna tomentosa (L. Verbenaceae) extract on lipid profile and lipid-metabolizing enzymes in acetaminophen-intoxicated rats by Devi KP, Sreepriya M, Balakrishna K, Veluchamy G, Devaki T.(PubMed)
(2) Protective effect of Premna tomentosa (L. Verbenaceae) extract on membrane-bound phosphatases and inorganic cations transport in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity rats, by Devi KP, Sreepriya M, Balakrishna K, Devaki T.(PubMed)

Phytochemicals Berberine and resveratrol and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Bernerine is a phytochemical found abundantly in root, bark, stem in plants of  Berberis, including Oregon grape, barberry, tree turmeric, etc.
Resveratrol is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in skins and seed of grape wine, nuts, peanuts, etc.
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is defined as a condition of the fatty liver diseases as a result of accumulated of fat in the liver, not caused by abusive alcohol consumption.

Sadly to say, Non alcoholic liver diseases has become most prevalence incidence to cause liver diseases because of uncontrolled diet with high in saturated fat. Conventional medication such as ameliorate, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, is found to be effective in decreasing cholesterol absorption in the small intestine and ameliorated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathology but with many side effects.
In herbal medicine, certain herbs have found to be effective not only in reducing the symptoms of non alcoholic, but also prevent the abnormal alanine aminotransferase functions and fat accumulation in liver.
Berberine and resveratrol, the phytochemical found abundantly in many vegetables and fruits as well herbs and herbal formulae such as Polygonum hypoleucum Ohwi, and Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb., and formulae including Yinchenhao Decoction (, YCHD), Qushi Huayu Decoction (, QSHYD), and Danning Tablet, were found not only to improve biochemical and histological change in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but also associated with inhibiting lipid accumulation through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation or up regulating low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression, alleviating lipid peroxidation, and reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines. In such instance, Berberine and resveratrol, may be considered as a potential treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the future.

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References
(1) Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver transplantation: Outcomes and advances by Said A.(PubMed)
(2) The effects of ezetimibe on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and glucose metabolism: a randomised controlled trial by Takeshita Y, Takamura T, Honda M, Kita Y, Zen Y, Kato KI, Misu H, Ota T, Nakamura M, Yamada K, Sunagozaka H, Arai K, Yamashita T, Mizukoshi E, Kaneko S.(PubMed)