Holistic Health Articles and Research Related to Herbal Medicines, Foods and Phytochemicals

Tuesday, 5 November 2013

#Healthy #Foods - - Seafoods - Tuna

Tuna
Tuna is salt water fish found in the warm water areas of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans as well as the Mediterranean Sea, belong to genius Thunnus from the family Scombridae. Some tuna species have evolved and become warm-blooded adaptations as they can raise their body temperatures above water temperatures to enhance muscular activity and adapt to survive in cooler waters and a wider range of ocean environments.

Nutritional Supplements
1. Protein
2. Omega 3 fatty acids
3. Calcium
4. Iron
5. Magnesium
6. Phosphorus
7. Potassium
8. Sodium
9. Zinc
10. Copper
11. Manganese
12. Fluoride
13. Selenium
14. Vitamin C
15. Vitamin B1, 2, and 3
16. Vitamin A
17. Vitamin D
18. Vitamin E
19. Vitamin K
20. Etc.

Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Cardiovascular health
In the investigation of fish consumption and its effect on cardiovascular diseases found that , consumption of tuna or other broiled or baked fish was associated with lower risk of total IHD death (P for trend=0.001) and arrhythmic IHD death (P=0.001) but not nonfatal MI (P=0.44), with 49% lower risk of total IHD death and 58% lower risk of arrhythmic IHD death among persons consuming tuna/other fish 3 or more times per week compared with less than once per month, according to "Cardiac benefits of fish consumption may depend on the type of fish meal consumed: the Cardiovascular Health Study" by Mozaffarian D, Lemaitre RN, Kuller LH, Burke GL, Tracy RP, Siscovick DS; Cardiovascular Health Study.(a)

2. Good Cholesterol
In the assessment of information about fatty acid profile and cholesterol content of fat extracted from canned fish in brine habitually consumed in Chile, found that they really represent a good dietary source of mainly polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. The international recommendations indicate to increase the consumption of fish, due the beneficial effects described in relation with cardiovascular disease, according to "[Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content in naturally canned jurel, sardine, salmon, and tuna].

[Article in Spanish]" by Romero N, Robert P, Masson L, Luck C, Buschmann L.(b)

3. Plasma triacylglycerol
In the observation of rich source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) of seal oil and tuna-fish oil and their effects in heart health found that plasma triacylglycerol decreased (P = 0.03) and HDL-cholesterol levels increased (P = 0.01) with seal oil only. Hence, seal oil may be more efficient than fish oil at promoting healthy plasma lipid profiles and lowering thrombotic risk, possibly due to its high DPA as well as EPA content, according to "Effects of seal oil and tuna-fish oil on platelet parameters and plasma lipid levels in healthy subjects" by

Mann NJ, O'Connell SL, Baldwin KM, Singh I, Meyer BJ.(c)

4. Plasma lipid levels and blood pressure
in the examination of rich source of the omega-3 fatty acid docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and its effect on plasma lipid levels and blood pressure that reductions of 7 and 14% (P < 0.05) were seen in the fish oil and seal oil groups respectively. Systolic blood pressure improved by 8 and 5 mmHg with seal oil and fish oil respectively (P < 0.05). The mean arterial pressure was significantly lower after seal oil supplementation (P < 0.005) compared with the placebo group. These results indicate that seal oil is as effective as fish oil in lowering plasma triglycerides and blood pressure, according to "Comparison of seal oil to tuna oil on plasma lipid levels and blood pressure in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects" by Meyer BJ, Lane AE, Mann NJ.(d)

5. Stroke
In the identification of the preventive role of Mediterranean diet in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, chronic neurodegenerative diseases and neoplasms, obesity and diabetes found that Fish is considered an excellent source of protein with low saturated fat, nutritious trace elements, long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn3PUFAs), and vitamins D and B. Fish consumption may be inversely associated with ischemic stroke but not with hemorrhagic stroke because of the potential antiplatelet aggregation property of LCn3PUFAs. Total stroke risk reduction was statistically significant for fish intake once per week, while the risk of stroke was lowered by 31% in individuals who ate fish 5 times or more per week. In the elderly, moderate consumption of tuna/other fish, but not fried fish, was associated with lower prevalence of subclinical infarcts and white matter abnormalities on MRI examination, according to "Mediterranean diet in healthy lifestyle and prevention of stroke" by Demarin V, Lisak M, Morović S.(e)

6. Etc.

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Tryptophan
Tryptophan in dried bean is not only essential for normal growth and balanced out nitrogen in the body, it is also an antioxidant that helps to enhances the immune system in fighting against the forming of free radical and foreign invasion, thus reducing the risk of inflammation and infection. By enhancing the immune system, trytophan also inhiblts the cancer cells growth, in a study of "Uveal melanoma expression of indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase: establishment of an immune privileged environment by tryptophan depletion." by Chen PW, Mellon JK, Mayhew E, Wang S, He YG, Hogan N, Niederkorn JY., posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Addition of the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl dl-tryptophan significantly diminished kynurenine levels in IFN-gamma treated uveal melanoma cell cultures...... IFN-gamma inducible IDO upregulation by primary and metastatic uveal melanoma may generate a local immune privileged microenvironment to promote escape from T cell-mediated immune surveillance.

2. Selenium
Turkey contains trace minerals selenium which is essential for the healthy function of the thyroid and immune system as it increases the antioxidant defense system by fighting against the forming of free radicals and reduce the risk of irregular cells growth causes of tumor and cancer, according to the study of "Selenium in the immune system" by Arthur JR, McKenzie RC, Beckett GJ., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730442)

3. Protein
In the research of the importance of dietary proteins influence body weight by affecting four targets for body weight regulation: satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition, found that Ingestion of dietary proteins in diabetes type 1 exerts a delayed postprandial increase in blood glucose levels due to protein-induced stimulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion. Higher than minimal amounts of protein in the diet needed for nitrogen balance may play an important role for the increasing number of elderly obese subjects in our industrialized societies, since proteins exert beneficial effects in the conditions of overweight, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, bone health, and sarcopenia. Adverse effects of increased dietary proteins have been observed in subjects with renal impairment- this problem is frequently observed in the elderly, hypertensive, and diabetic population. Nevertheless, dietary proteins deserve more attention than they have received in the past, according to "Dietary proteins in obesity and in diabetes" by Keller U.(I)

4. Vitamin B3
Vitamin B3 or Niacin is essential for lowering high cholesterol levels, according to the study of "Cholesterol efflux potential and antiinflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein after treatment with niacin or anacetrapib" by Yvan-Charvet L, Kling J, Pagler T, Li H, Hubbard B, Fisher T, Sparrow CP, Taggart AK, Tall AR., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448206), forming the components of cells' genetic material DNA during excision repair, according to the study of "Niacin deficiency delays DNA excision repair and increases spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced chromosomal instability in rat bone marrow" by
Kostecki LM, Thomas M, Linford G, Lizotte M, Toxopeus L, Bartleman AP, Kirkland JB., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17618655) and treating diabetes and high blood sugar levels, according to the study of "Treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes" by Vijayaraghavan K., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172030), researcher indicated that a number of lipid-lowering agents, including statins, fibrates, niacin, and bile acid sequestrants, are available to target normalization of the entire lipid profile.

5. Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxine beside is important in enhancing the developing red blood cells by stimulating the production of hemoglobin, it also helps to keep blood sugar levels steady during the process of breaking down stored energy in gestation pregnancy, according to the study of "Improvement of oral glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes by pyridoxine" by Bennink HJ, Schreurs WH., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1131652)
6. Etc.

C. Other Health benefits
1. Omega-3-fatty acids
Besides well known for its benefits for the maintenance of a healthy cardio-vascular system, according to the study of "Omega-3 Fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention" by Defilippis AP, Blaha MJ, Jacobson TA, posted in PubMed(1) and proper ratio of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acid and prevent blood clotting, it also extends the portion of your cycle in which you are fertile, by promoting natural ovulation, according tothe study of "Postpartum ovarian activity in multiparous Holstein cows treated with bovine somatotropin and fed n-3 fatty acids in early lactation" by Carriquiry M, Dahlen CR, Weber WJ, Lamb GC, Crooker BA., posted in pubMed (2)

2. Stroke
Omega 3 fatty acids lower the risk of stroke by decreasing the amount of LDL (bad cholesterol) and increasing the amount of HDL (good cholesterol) in your body, thus reducing the risk of plaque buildup in arteries, according tothe study of "Pharmacologic treatment of hyperlipidemia" by Last AR, Ference JD, Falleroni J., posted in PubMed (3)

3. Diabetes
Omega 3 fatty acid also improves the secretion of the hormone leptin, thus regulating the amount of food intake and metabolism, according to the study of "Leptin deficiency causes insulin resistance induced by uncontrolled diabetes" German JP, Wisse BE, Thaler JP, Oh-I S, Sarruf DA, Ogimoto K, Kaiyala KJ, Fischer JD, Matsen ME, Taborsky GJ Jr, Schwartz MW, Morton GJ., posted in PubMed(4)

4. Prostate cancer
Together with vitamin A , selenium is one of essential antioxidants helps to prevent the forming of free radicals that cause irregular cell growth and fight the foreign invasion cause of inflammation and infection by enhancing the immune system., according to the study of "Association of selenium, tocopherols, carotenoids, retinol, and 15-isoprostane F(2t) in serum or urine with prostate cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort" by Gill JK, Franke AA, Steven Morris J, Cooney RV, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Goodman MT, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN., posted in pubmed(5)

5. Dry Eye Syndrome (DES)
Omega 3 fatty acid reduces the ratio of Omega fatty acid 3 and 6 and has been considered as one of the treatment of dry eye syndrome (DES), according to the study of "Relation between dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome in women" by Miljanović B, Trivedi KA, Dana MR, Gilbard JP, Buring JE, Schaumberg DA., posted in pubMed(6).

6. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Omega-3 fatty acids slow down the activities of the enzymes to improve the joint count, number of swollen joints, thus reducing inflammatory symptoms, according to the study of "Omega-3 fatty acids in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: effect on cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α), disease activity and response criteria" Gheita T, Kamel S, Helmy N, El-Laithy N, Monir A., posted in PubMed(7)

7. Etc.

Side effects
1. Tuna fish contain measure amount of purines that can cause health condition called gout and increases the risk of kidney stone, if eating in large amount.
2. Allergic reaction.
3. Etc.

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#Healthy #Foods - Beef, lean organic

Lean meats

Lean meats are considered as animal fresh of which most fats are withdrawn before consuming to reduce the amount of sutured fat and cholesterol. Although some people insist that meats with fat are highly tasty, but the consequence of eating too much fat can damp the health of your body, leading to all kinds of diseases. Because of the use of growth hormone and selective breeding for commercial purposes, it is advised only eating lean meats from organic farm.

Nutritional supplements

1. Protein

2. Fat

3. Vitamin A

4. Vitamin B complex

5. Vitamin C

6. Vitamin D

7. Vitamin E

8. Sodium

9. Selenium

10. Phosphorus

11. Iron

12. Zinc

13. Etc.

Health Benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Nutrients
In the assessment of the nutrients in lean beef found that Total beef consumed among adults 19 to 50 and 51+ years was 49.3 +/- 1.4 g (1.74 oz/d) and 37.1 +/- 1.2 g (1.31 oz/d), respectively. In adults 19 to 50 and 51+ years, LB contributed 3.9% and 3.7% to total energy; 4.5% and 4.1% to total fat, 3.8% and 3.6% to saturated fatty acids; 13% and 11% to cholesterol intake; 15% and 14% to protein; 25% and 20% to vitamin B(12); 23% and 20% to zinc; and 8% and 7% to iron, respectively. Beef was also an important food source of many other nutrients, including niacin, vitamin B(6), phosphorus, and potassium. In addition, beef provided only 1% of total sodium intake and concluded that Consumption of beef contributed significantly to intake of protein and other key nutrients by US adults, according to "Lean beef contributes significant amounts of key nutrients to the diets of US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004" by Zanovec M, O'Neil CE, Keast DR, Fulgoni VL 3rd, Nicklas TA.(a)

2. Hypercholesterolemic
In the comparison of the effects on lipoprotein profiles in hypercholesterolemic men with consumption of beef with that of fish and poultry found that that an American Heart Association diet with a high polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio and high fiber content induced numerous favorable changes in coronary artery disease risk factors in hypercholesterolemic men, regardless of the protein source, according to "Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic men fed a lipid-lowering diet containing lean beef, lean fish, or poultry" by Beauchesne-Rondeau E, Gascon A, Bergeron J, Jacques H.(b)

3. Weight loss and improved lipid
In the investigation of Conflicting recommendations are prevalent regarding the appropriateness of red meat versus white meat consumption found that that weight loss and improved lipid profile can be accomplished through diet and exercise, whether the dietary protein source is lean beef or chicken, according to "Weight loss and total lipid profile changes in overweight women consuming beef or chicken as the primary protein source" by Melanson K, Gootman J, Myrdal A, Kline G, Rippe JM.(c)

4. Cardiovascular health
In the examination of the effects of dietary protein intake on energy restriction (ER)-induced changes in body mass and body composition found that overweight postmenopausal women can achieve significant weight loss and comparable short-term improvements in body composition and lipid-lipoprotein profile by consuming either a moderate-protein (25% of energy intake) poultry- or beef-containing diet or a lacto-ovo vegetarian protein (17% of energy intake) diet, according to "Protein intake during energy restriction: effects on body composition and markers of metabolic and cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women" by

Mahon AK, Flynn MG, Stewart LK, McFarlin BK, Iglay HB, Mattes RD, Lyle RM, Considine RV, Campbell WW.(d)

5. Diabetes
In random sequence, 50 g protein in the form of very lean beef or only water at 0800 h and studied over the subsequent 8 h found that the amount of glucose appearing in the circulation was only approximately 2 g. The peripheral plasma glucose concentration decreased by approximately 1 mM after ingestion of either protein or water, confirming that ingested protein does not result in a net increase in glucose concentration, and results in only a modest increase in the rate of glucose disappearance, according to "Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose appearance rate in people with type 2 diabetes" by Gannon MC, Nuttall JA, Damberg G, Gupta V, Nuttall FQ.(e)

6. Etc.

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. TrytophanTryptophan is one of the 10 essential amino acids which the body uses to synthesize the proteins for brain cells need, thus enhancing the nerve cells in information transmitting between themselves and cells in the parts of the body that reduces the risk of anxiety and depression, according to the study of "The effects of tryptophan depletion on neural responses to emotional words in remitted depression" by Roiser JP, Levy J, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Talagala SL, Hasler G, Henn FA, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC.(I)

2. ProteinIn the research of the importance of dietary proteins influence body weight by affecting four targets for body weight regulation: satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition, found that Ingestion of dietary proteins in diabetes type 1 exerts a delayed postprandial increase in blood glucose levels due to protein-induced stimulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion. Higher than minimal amounts of protein in the diet needed for nitrogen balance may play an important role for the increasing number of elderly obese subjects in our industrialized societies, since proteins exert beneficial effects in the conditions of overweight, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, bone health, and sarcopenia. Adverse effects of increased dietary proteins have been observed in subjects with renal impairment- this problem is frequently observed in the elderly, hypertensive, and diabetic population. Nevertheless, dietary proteins deserve more attention than they have received in the past, according to "Dietary proteins in obesity and in diabetes" by Keller U.(II)

3. Vitamin B complexBeef contains high levels of vitamin B complex, including niacin, thiamin, riboflavin and B6, which aid each other for the body's metabolism, according to the article of "Vitamin B Complex", posted in the Americam cancer societ, the author wrote that B vitamins are essential for growth, development, and a variety of other bodily functions. They play a major role in the activities of enzymes, proteins that regulate chemical reactions in the body(III), the formation of red blood cell formation and promoting the effectiveness of nervous system, according to the study of "The effect of 90 day administration of a high dose vitamin B-complex on work stress" by Stough C, Scholey A, Lloyd J, Spong J, Myers S, Downey LA., posted in PubMed (IV).

4. ZincIn the assessment of zinc and its effect on thyroid hormone and testosterone levels found that exercise decreases thyroid hormones and testosterone in sedentary men; however, zinc supplementation prevents this decrease. Administration of a physiologic dose of zinc can be beneficial to performance, according to "Effect of fatiguing bicycle exercise on thyroid hormone and testosterone levels in sedentary males supplemented with oral zinc" by Kilic M.(V)

5. SeleniumSelenium is considered as one of a powerful antioxidant in protection of free radical causes of cancer, according to study of "Low doses of selenium specifically stimulate the repair of oxidative DNA damage in LNCaP prostate cancer cells" by de Rosa V, Erkekoğlu P, Forestier A, Favier A, Hincal F, Diamond AM, Douki T, Rachidi W.(VI)
6. Etc.

C. Other health benefits

1. Enzymes

Lean meat contains a complete amino enzymes that are essential for the building blocks of about everything in our body including from enzymes and hormones to bones, muscles and skin., according to the article of "Protein" posted in Wikipedia(1), the writer wrote that proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions.

2. Free radical scavenger
Vitamin C is one of antioxidant that improves the immune system in fighting against the forming of free radicals and invasion of foreign virus and bacteria, thus reducing the risk of abnormal cell growth, infection and inflammation according to the study of "Dietary antioxidants: immunity and host defense" by Puertollano MA, Puertollano E, de Cienfuegos GÁ, de Pablo MA., posted in PubMed(2)

3. Improve the nutrient transportation

The high levels of iron helps in maintaining high levels of energy and oxygen through the bloodstream as it enhances the function of blood in oxygen absorption, reduces the risk of iron deficiency anemia and improves the menstrual health for teenage girls and women in their child-bearing years, according to the study of "[Menstrual blood loss and iron nutritional status in female undergraduate students].[Article in Chinese]" by Li J, Gao Q, Tian S, Chen Y, Ma Y, Huang Z., posted in PubMed(3)

4. Osteoporosis

Beside aiding the body in absorption of calcium which is an essential mineral for healthy bone, it also play an important role in relaxing muscle thus reducing the risk of metal cramps and pain and fibromyalgia, according to the study of "The relationship between serum antioxidant vitamins, magnesium levels, and clinical parameters in patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome.as well as improving insulin reaction to blood sugar level" by Sakarya ST, Akyol Y, Bedir A, Canturk F., posted in PubMed(4)

5. Nerve cells

Beside phosphorus is an essential minerals in maximizing the effectiveness in calcium, according to the atudy of "The Abnormal Phenotypes of Cartilage and Bone in Calcium-Sensing Receptor Deficient Mice Are Dependent on the Actions of Calcium, Phosphorus, and PTH" by Liu J, Lv F, Sun W, Tao C, Ding G, Karaplis A, Brown E, Goltzman D, Miao D., posted in PubMed (5), it also aids the function of digestive system in absorbing B vitamins, enhances the brain cells in information transmitting.

6. Etc.

Side effect

1. Although it is lean, it still contains a measure amount of fat, therefore, it is advised that people with history of heat diseases, stroke, high blood pressure and bad cholesterol to supplement their diet with plant protein.

2. It may cause stress to kidneys for certain people and reduce the absorption of calcium, if eating in large amount.

3. Etc.

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#Healthy #Foods - Animal products - Calf's Liver

Calf’s liver
Calf’s liver is a major dietary source of iron, considered as higher in the water-soluble protein albumin than beef. It's delicious taste and texture for calf's liver fans. In United States, many Americans were not interested in eating liver, but the new trend as the discovery of the health benefits of iron-rich liver, many of them start to like it such as the dish of calf' liver and bacon.

Nutritional supplements
1. Phosphorus
2. Vitamin A
3. Vitamin B complex (B2, B3, B5. B6 and B12)
4. Vitamin C
5. Vitamin D
5. Omega-3 fatty acids
6. Calcium
7. Copper
8. Zinc
9. Iron
10. Phosphorus
11. Etc.

Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Cardiovascular diseases
In the investigation of C-reactive protein (CRP) (found abundantly in calf' liver) is a marker of systemic inflammation, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases, found that evidence supporting the assessment of highly sensitive CRP both in patients with established CV diseases and in those without known disease as well as evidence supporting CRP as a target of therapy. We also review various pharmacologic (especially intensive statin therapy) and nonpharmacologic therapies to reduce levels of CRP(a)

2. Depressive symptoms
In the research of folic acid and vitamin B12 (found abundantly in calf' liver) and theirs effect in mental health found that mental health literacy had a transient effect on depressive symptoms. Other than this, none of the interventions significantly reduced symptoms relative to their comparator at 6 weeks or subsequently. Neither folic acid plus B(12) nor physical activity were effective in reducing depressive symptoms.(b)

3. Emphysema
In the assessment of vitamin A (found abundantly in calf' liver)deficiency per se causes emphysema found that detachment or hyperplasia (and metaplasia) of the tracheal epithelium and liver vacuole formation also were evident in the smoke-treated rats. The results of this research indicate that exposure to cigarette smoke induces vitamin A depletion in rats, which is associated with the development of emphysema(c)

4. Etc.

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin A
Although vitamin A is best known to benefit the retina of the eye sight in the form of a specific metabolite for for both low-light and color vision, accoring to the study of "WHO's mission for vision' by [No authors listed], posted in PubMed (1) and guards us against bacterial, viral, parasitic infections, it is also an anti-oxidant, helping to protect our cells against cancer and other disease, according to the study of "Low serum-vitamin-A and subsequent risk of cancer. Preliminary results of a prospective study" by Wald N, Idle M, Boreham J, Bailey A., posted in PubMed (2), researchers indicated that measures taken to increase serum-retinol levels in man may lead to a reduction in cancer risk.

2. Vitamin B12
Besides supporting the production of red blood cell and maintaining the proper duplication of DNA, the genetic material in all cells, according to the study of "Vitamin B 12 and the macromolecular composition of Euglena. II. Recovery from unbalanced growth induced by Vitamin B 12 deficiency" by Johnston PL, Carell EF., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4633443), it also plays an important role in promoting neurite outgrowth, according to the study of "Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway regulates neurite outgrowth in cerebellar granule neurons stimulated by methylcobalamin" by Okada K, Tanaka H, Temporin K, Okamoto M, Kuroda Y, Moritomo H, Murase T, Yoshikawa H., posted in PuBmed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21458538)

3. Copper
Copper plays a role in a wide range of physiological processes, such as iron utilization of enhancing the hemoglobin. and reduction of malabsorption syndrome. according to the study of "Beneficial effect of goat milk on nutritive utilization of iron and copper in malabsorption syndrome" by Barrionuevo M, Alferez MJ, Lopez AI, Sanz SM, Campos MS., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11949871).

4. Tryptophan
Tryptophan is one of the 10 essential amino acids which the body uses to synthesize the proteins for brain cells need, thus enhancing the nerve cells in information transmitting between themselves and cells in the parts of the body that reduces the risk of anxiety and depression, according to the study of "The effects of tryptophan depletion on neural responses to emotional words in remitted depression" by Roiser JP, Levy J, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Talagala SL, Hasler G, Henn FA, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC.(3)

5. Folate
In the investigation of the prevalence and multifactorial etiology of anemia among Indian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and its effect on anemia, found that Anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation, is highly prevalent among children with HIV infection. Micronutrient supplements (iron and, folate) combined with ART(antiretroviral therapy) improved anemia in HIV-infected children, according to "The prevalence and etiology of anemia among HIV-infected children in India" by Shet A, Arumugam K, Rajagopalan N, Dinakar C, Krishnamurthy S, Mehta S, Shet AS.(4)

6. Etc.

C. Other health benefits
1. Immune system
Selenium (found abundantly in calf' liver) and vitamin C are essential nutrients necessary to improve immune system in fighting against the forming of free radicals that reduce the risk of irregular cell growth, according to the study of "Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses" by Maggini S, Wintergerst ES, Beveridge S, Hornig DH., posted in PubMed (5), researchers found that Overall, inadequate intake and status of these vitamins and trace elements may lead to suppressed immunity, which predisposes to infections and aggravates malnutrition. Therefore, supplementation with these selected micronutrients can support the body's natural defence system by enhancing all three levels of immunity.

2. Vitamin B complex
Besides as a important source of protein after breaking breaks down into amino acids for building muscles and blood, it also contains high levels of vitamin B12, folate, and riboflavin, niacin and vitamin B6 that are essential to decrease the converting of chemical homocysteine thus decreasing the risk of heart attack and stroke, according to the study of "Homocysteine Lowering with Folic Acid and B Vitamins in Vascular Disease" by The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE), posted in The New England Journal of Medicine (6).

3. Prostate health and fertility
Zinc (Found abundantly in calf' liver) is important for a healthy prostate, deficiency of zinc cause enlarged prostate, according to the study of "Zinc status of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma" by Christudoss P, Selvakumar R, Fleming JJ, Gopalakrishnan G., posted in PubMed (7) impotence, sexuality and ejaculation. It is also needed for the production of sperm and seminal fluid thus increasing the chance for normal sperm count and quality, according to the study of "Effects of autoimmunity to the prostate on the fertility of the male rat" by Motrich RD, Mackern-Oberti JP, Maccioni M, Rivero VE., posted in PubMed (8)

4. Alzheimer's disease.
Omega-3 fatty acids(found abundantly in calf' liver) besides best known as guarding our body against the risk of cardiovascular diseases, according to the study of "Omega-3 Fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention" by Defilippis AP, Blaha MJ, Jacobson TA , posted in PubMed (9), they also improve the ratio of Omega 3 and 6 fatty acid, thus reducing the level of bad cholesterol in blood and preventing blood clotting, resulting in lessening the risk of Alzheimer's disease, According to the study of "Dietary lipids and their oxidized products in Alzheimer's disease", by Corsinovi L, Biasi F, Poli G, Leonarduzzi G, Isaia G., posted in PubMed (10)

6. Etc.

Side effects1. Purines
Since calf' liver contains measure amount of purine, it may lead to excess accumulation of uric acid, leading to kidney stone and gout, if eating in large amount.
2. Etc.

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#Healthy #Foods - Animal products Turkey (Meleagris)

Turkey is a large bird in the genus Meleagris in the family Phasianidae native to the North America. Today, it has been raised as food for commercial purpose world wide as viewing as one of the most healthy meat. Large domesticated turkeys are generally unable to fly, but smaller turkeys known as "heritage turkeys" and "wild turkeys" can fly in a short distance.

Nutritional supplements

1. Protein

2. Carbohydrate

3. Fat

4. Vitamin B2

5. Vitamin B3

6. Vitamin B

7. Vitamin B12

8. Selenium

9. Phosphorous

10. Potassium,

11. Iron

12. Zinc

13. Etc.

Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Niacin precursor
in the measurement of the conversion of tryptophan into niacin found that indicated the consistent, although inefficient, role of tryptophan as niacin precursor in turkeys fed a practical diet, compared with the reported conversion in other species, according to "Conversion of tryptophan into niacin in the turkey (Meleagris gallipavos)" by Ruiz N, Harms RH.(a)
2. Blood pressure
In the research of Low-sodium Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets and its health effect found that a low-sodium DASH diet with a low dietary acid load, which also included lean red meat on most days of the week, was effective in reducing BP in older women, particularly in those taking antihypertensive medications, according to "Low-sodium Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-type diet including lean red meat lowers blood pressure in postmenopausal women" by Nowson CA, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Pachett A.(a)

3. Good Sources of Nutrient
In the investigation of "Lean meat and heart health" found that lean red meat consumption has no effect on in vivo and ex vivo production of thromboxane and prostacyclin or the activity of haemostatic factors. It is also a good source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, niacin, zinc and iron. In conclusion, lean red meat, trimmed of visible fat, which is consumed in a diet low in saturated fat does not increase cardiovascular risk factors (plasma cholesterol levels or thrombotic risk factors), according to "Lean meat and heart health" by Li D, Siriamornpun S, Wahlqvist ML, Mann NJ, Sinclair AJ.(b)

4. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
In the study of fatty and lean meats and theirs saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol effect found that The proportion of CLA/SA+CH for lean beef eaters is 0.09 and the fatty meats 0.007 (g/100 g). As a consequence, the beneficial effects of minor amounts of CLA may be relatively enhanced in lean meat compared to fatty meat sub-products which contain a substantial amount of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, as in cold cuts and cow viscera, according to "Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) versus saturated fats/cholesterol: their proportion in fatty and lean meats may affect the risk of developing colon cancer" by Eynard AR, Lopez CB.(c)

5. Lean meat and over all health
In the observation of Dietary lean red meat and human evolution found that lean meat is a healthy and beneficial component of any well-balanced diet as long as it is fat trimmed and consumed as part of a varied diet, according to "Dietary lean red meat and human evolution" by Mann N.(d)

6.Etc

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. TrytophanTryptophan is one of the 10 essential amino acids which the body uses to synthesize the proteins for brain cells need, thus enhancing the nerve cells in information transmitting between themselves and cells in the parts of the body that reduces the risk of anxiety and depression, according to the study of "The effects of tryptophan depletion on neural responses to emotional words in remitted depression" by Roiser JP, Levy J, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Talagala SL, Hasler G, Henn FA, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC.(1)

2. Protein
In the research of the importance of dietary proteins influence body weight by affecting four targets for body weight regulation: satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition, found that Ingestion of dietary proteins in diabetes type 1 exerts a delayed postprandial increase in blood glucose levels due to protein-induced stimulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion. Higher than minimal amounts of protein in the diet needed for nitrogen balance may play an important role for the increasing number of elderly obese subjects in our industrialized societies, since proteins exert beneficial effects in the conditions of overweight, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, bone health, and sarcopenia. Adverse effects of increased dietary proteins have been observed in subjects with renal impairment- this problem is frequently observed in the elderly, hypertensive, and diabetic population. Nevertheless, dietary proteins deserve more attention than they have received in the past, according to "Dietary proteins in obesity and in diabetes" by Keller U.(2)

3. Selenium
Turkey contains trace minerals selenium which is essential for the healthy function of the thyroid and immune system as it increases the antioxidant defense system by fighting against the forming of free radicals and reduce the risk of irregular cells growth causes of tumor and cancer, according to the study of "Selenium in the immune system" by Arthur JR, McKenzie RC, Beckett GJ., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730442)

4. Vitamin B3 or Niacin See B vitamin below
5. Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxine See B vitamin below

6. Etc.

C. Other health benefits

1. Vitamin B

a) Vitamin B2 or Riboflavin is one of very important vitamin in metabolism of energy by helping the transforming of fats, proteins and carbohydrates and high dose riboflavin appears to be useful alone or along with beta-blockers in the prevention of migraine, according to the study of "Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial" by Schoenen J, Jacquy J, Lenaerts M., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9484373)

b) Vitamin B3

Vitamin B3 or Niacin is essential for lowering high cholesterol levels, according to the study of "Cholesterol efflux potential and antiinflammatory properties of high-density lipoprotein after treatment with niacin or anacetrapib" by Yvan-Charvet L, Kling J, Pagler T, Li H, Hubbard B, Fisher T, Sparrow CP, Taggart AK, Tall AR., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20448206), forming the components of cells' genetic material DNA during excision repair, according to the study of "Niacin deficiency delays DNA excision repair and increases spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced chromosomal instability in rat bone marrow" by

Kostecki LM, Thomas M, Linford G, Lizotte M, Toxopeus L, Bartleman AP, Kirkland JB., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17618655) and treating diabetes and high blood sugar levels, according to the study of "Treatment of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes" by Vijayaraghavan K., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21172030), researcher indicated that a number of lipid-lowering agents, including statins, fibrates, niacin, and bile acid sequestrants, are available to target normalization of the entire lipid profile.

c) Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 or Pyridoxine beside is important in enhancing the developing red blood cells by stimulating the production of hemoglobin, it also helps to keep blood sugar levels steady during the process of breaking down stored energy in gestation pregnancy, according to the study of "Improvement of oral glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes by pyridoxine" by Bennink HJ, Schreurs WH., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1131652)

2. Lower Blood sugar

Since it is a low carbohydrate food and low in glycemic index scale, it helps to maintain the slow release of insulin from the pancreas that can be helpful in regulating blood sugar.

3. Saturated fat ( It is essential but do not over dose)

a) Prevent cell membrane being damaged by free radical according to the study of "High fat diets varying in ratios of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid and linoleic to linolenic acid: a comparison of rat neural and red cell membrane phospholipids" by Carlson SE, Carver JD, House SG., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2871142)

b) Saturated fat is rapidly absorbed, it besides can deliver quick nourishment without putting excessive strain on the digestive and enzyme systems, so it is good for people with digestive problem, it also is necessary for making bile acids for our body to digest fats and fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K and increases the absorption of calcium and magnesium and amino acids, according to the article of "Fat" by wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat)

c) Nerve and brain tissue is made up of 60% fat. One-third of these fats need to be polyunsaturated, derived directly from diet and other from cholesterol stored in our body. This will allow proper development and maintenance of nerve cell membranes as well as neurotransmitters in transformation between themselves and glands, according to the article of "Fat" by wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat)

d) Cholesterol in fat helps in production of female sex hormone, estradiol, and the male sex hormone, testosterone, according to the study of "Cellular cholesterol delivery, intracellular processing and utilization for biosynthesis of steroid hormones" by Hu J, Zhang Z, Shen WJ, Azhar S., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20515451)

4. Insomnia

Since it contain high amount of tryptophan which plays an essential role in manufacture of hormone melatonin, the hormone of helping to regulate sleep and wake cycles, according to the study of "Evaluation of L-tryptophan for treatment of insomnia: a review" by Schneider-Helmert D, Spinweber CL., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3090582)

5. Etc

Side effects

1. Saturated fat

a) 1. Heart diseases and stroke
Since it increases the levels of bad cholesterol, over eating will cause cholesterol building up in the blood stream, blocking the blood circulation, leading to high blood pressure resulting in heart diseases and stroke. It is said that high levels of bad cholesterol can be caused by hereditary factors, high blood pressure, stress, smoking, obesity and dietary cholesterol, according to the study of Saturated fat and cardiometabolic risk factors, coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes: a fresh look at the evidence" by Micha R, Mozaffarian D., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20354806)

b) Cancer

The Ontario Cancer Institute in Canada reviewed by comparing women with the highest and lowest fat intake. Women who ate high amounts of saturated fat were on average around 20 per cent more likely to develop breast cancer than low consumers of fat. Eating large amounts of saturated fats increased risk by about 10 per cent. A study also found that a noticeably elevated risk for carcinoid tumors in the small intestine in association with high amount of saturated fat intake, according to the study of "[Blood cholesterol levels and mortality in cancer].[Article in Slovak] by Ginter E., posted PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=satured%20fat%20and%20Cancer)

c) Insulin sensitive

Some studies found that over intake of saturated fat might interfere with the pancreas’s function in secretion of insulin, as resulting of blood clotted in the insulin receptor sites, leading to over-production of insulin, , according to the study of "High fat programming of beta-cell failure" by Cerf ME., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20217495) causing polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), resulting in infertility problems, irregular menstrual cycles, male growth pattern, etc.

d) Weight gain

Intake of high amounts of saturated fat can cause extra energy reserves accumulated in the waist area.
2. Purine

Since turkey, likes other animal products contains measure amount of purine, it may lead to excess accumulation of uric acid, leading to kidney stone and gout, if eating in large amount.
3. Etc.

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#Healthy #Foods - Lean Meats - Venison

Venison
Venison is the menu name for lean deer meat, higher in moisture, similar in protein and lower in calories, cholesterol and fat if compare to other lean meat. In America, venison can be hunted as well as bought from the farms

Nutritional Supplements
1. Protein
2. Fat (both saturated and unsaturated fat)
3. Vitamin B complex, including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12.
4. Iron
5. Zinc
6. Selenium
7. Phosphorus
8. Copper
9. Etc.

Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Blood pressure
In the research of Low-sodium Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets and its health effect found that a low-sodium DASH diet with a low dietary acid load, which also included lean red meat on most days of the week, was effective in reducing BP in older women, particularly in those taking antihypertensive medications, according to "Low-sodium Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-type diet including lean red meat lowers blood pressure in postmenopausal women" by Nowson CA, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Pachett A.(a)

2. Good Sources of Nutrient
In the investigation of "Lean meat and heart health" found that lean red meat consumption has no effect on in vivo and ex vivo production of thromboxane and prostacyclin or the activity of haemostatic factors. It is also a good source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, niacin, zinc and iron. In conclusion, lean red meat, trimmed of visible fat, which is consumed in a diet low in saturated fat does not increase cardiovascular risk factors (plasma cholesterol levels or thrombotic risk factors), according to "Lean meat and heart health" by Li D, Siriamornpun S, Wahlqvist ML, Mann NJ, Sinclair AJ.(b)

3. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
In the study of fatty and lean meats and theirs saturated/unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol effect found that The proportion of CLA/SA+CH for lean beef eaters is 0.09 and the fatty meats 0.007 (g/100 g). As a consequence, the beneficial effects of minor amounts of CLA may be relatively enhanced in lean meat compared to fatty meat sub-products which contain a substantial amount of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, as in cold cuts and cow viscera, according to "Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) versus saturated fats/cholesterol: their proportion in fatty and lean meats may affect the risk of developing colon cancer" by Eynard AR, Lopez CB.(c)

4. Lean meat and over all health
In the observation of Dietary lean red meat and human evolution found that lean meat is a healthy and beneficial component of any well-balanced diet as long as it is fat trimmed and consumed as part of a varied diet, according to "Dietary lean red meat and human evolution" by Mann N.(d)

5. Etc.

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Tryptophan
Tryptophan is one of the 10 essential amino acids which the body uses to synthesize the proteins for brain cells need, thus enhancing the nerve cells in information transmitting between themselves and cells in the parts of the body that reduces the risk of anxiety and depression, according to the study of "The effects of tryptophan depletion on neural responses to emotional words in remitted depression" by Roiser JP, Levy J, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Talagala SL, Hasler G, Henn FA, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC.(1)

2. Protein and over all health
In the research of the importance of dietary proteins influence body weight by affecting four targets for body weight regulation: satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition, found that Ingestion of dietary proteins in diabetes type 1 exerts a delayed postprandial increase in blood glucose levels due to protein-induced stimulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion. Higher than minimal amounts of protein in the diet needed for nitrogen balance may play an important role for the increasing number of elderly obese subjects in our industrialized societies, since proteins exert beneficial effects in the conditions of overweight, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, bone health, and sarcopenia. Adverse effects of increased dietary proteins have been observed in subjects with renal impairment- this problem is frequently observed in the elderly, hypertensive, and diabetic population. Nevertheless, dietary proteins deserve more attention than they have received in the past, according to "Dietary proteins in obesity and in diabetes" by Keller U.(2)

3. Zinc
In the assessment of zinc and its effect on thyroid hormone and testosterone levels found that exercise decreases thyroid hormones and testosterone in sedentary men; however, zinc supplementation prevents this decrease. Administration of a physiologic dose of zinc can be beneficial to performance, according to "Effect of fatiguing bicycle exercise on thyroid hormone and testosterone levels in sedentary males supplemented with oral zinc" by Kilic M.(3)

4. Vitamin B12
Besides supporting the production of red blood cell and maintaining the proper duplication of DNA, the genetic material in all cells, according to the study of "Vitamin B 12 and the macromolecular composition of Euglena. II. Recovery from unbalanced growth induced by Vitamin B 12 deficiency" by Johnston PL, Carell EF., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4633443), it also plays an important role in promoting neurite outgrowth, according to the study of "Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway regulates neurite outgrowth in cerebellar granule neurons stimulated by methylcobalamin" by Okada K, Tanaka H, Temporin K, Okamoto M, Kuroda Y, Moritomo H, Murase T, Yoshikawa H., posted in PuBmed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21458538)

5. Etc.

C. Other Health benefits
1. Iron
Venison is a good source of iron, which beside is an essential element for blood production and assists hemoglobin to transport oxygen and nutrients from the lungs to the body cells need, but also is important for the enzyme systems in energy production and metabolism. It is one of the best food for people with iron deficiency Anemia

2. Cholesterol
Beside is important for the healthy membranes, it also is an important component for the manufacture of bile acids, according to the study of "Enzymes in the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids" by Norlin M, Wikvall K., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17346171) by promoting the processing of dietary fat, steroid hormones, including sex hormones and Vitamin D. according to the study of "Regulation of bile acid synthesis" by Chiang JY., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9450986), researcher wrote that Bile acids are important physiological agents required for disposal of cholesterol and absorption of vitamins and fats.

3. Heart diaereses and stroke
Vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 t reduce the levels of homocysteine, thus preventing the risk of damage blood vessels and breaking of capillaries, leading to heart diseases and stroke.. according to the study of "B vitamins in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack or stroke in the VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) trial: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled trial" by VITATOPS Trial Study Group, posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20688574)

5. Immune system
Selenium is a powerful antioxidant that helps to improve the immune system in fighting against the forming of free radicals and reducing the risk of infection and inflammation caused by irregular cells growth, foreign invasion, according to the study of "Selenium in the immune system" by Arthur JR, McKenzie RC, Beckett GJ., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730442)

5. Etc.

Side effects
1. Saturated fat
Intake of high amount of saturated fat causes cholesterol building up in the arteries, leading to heart diseases and stroke.
2. Purines
Purines can cause gout and forming of kidney stone due to excessive accumulation of uric acid.
3. Etc.

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

#Healthy #Foods - Green tea - Leaves of Camellia sinensis

Green tea
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.

Nutritional supplements
1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin C
3. Selenium
4. Magnesium
5. Chromium
6. Zinc
7. Polyphenols
8. Tannins
9. Catechins
10. Theanine
11. Flavonoids,
12. Etc.

Health benefits
A, Health benefits according to studies (Quotes from the Tava tea researches, in ingredients of Sencha tea (the best of green tea)written by Chatel M. researches contribution by myself)
1. Antidepressant Properties
(http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_6101.html)
2. External Anogenital Warts
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_5385.html
3. Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Brain Deficits
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_4023.html
4. Bad Breath
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_8701.html
5. Nervous Tension
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_8983.html
6. Gastrointestinal diseases
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_4605.html
7. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_7225.html
8. Immune system
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_8786.html
9. Antimicrobial activities
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_14.html
10. Periodontal Health
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient_14.html
11. Congitive Activities
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredient.html
12. Neurodegernative diseases
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_159.html
13. Cholesterol
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_8751.html
14. Osteoporosis
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_7779.html
15. Arthritis
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_6638.html
16. Stroke
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_7408.html
17. Antioxidant Activity
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_3373.html
18. Diabetes
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_5800.html
19. Weight Loss
http://tavatearesearches.blogspot.com/2011/11/organic-tava-tea-researches-ingredients_13.html
20. Etc.

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin AVitamin A is not only important in preventing types I diabetes, according to "A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues" by Takahashi N, Takasu S.(1) but also may be associated with compromised bone health, according to "Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D" by Ahmadieh H, Arabi A.(2)

2. Vitamin Ca. Asthma
Vitamin C is one of the key antioxidant vitamins which is abundant in the extracellular fluid lining the lung and low vitamin C intake has been associated with pulmonary dysfunction, such as asthma, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(3)
b. DNA Damage
Ascorbic acid (AA), known as vitamin C, has important antioxidant vitamin has exerted the activity in preventing (imazalil)IMA-induced cause of DNA damage, according to the stuyd of "The protective role of ascorbic acid on imazalil-induced genetic damage assessed by the cytogenetic tests' by Türkez H, Aydin E.(4)

3. Selenium
Selenium is considered as one of a powerful antioxidant in protection of free radical causes of cancer, according to study of "Low doses of selenium specifically stimulate the repair of oxidative DNA damage in LNCaP prostate cancer cells" by de Rosa V, Erkekoğlu P, Forestier A, Favier A, Hincal F, Diamond AM, Douki T, Rachidi W.(5)

4. Magnesium
Magnesium not only important for bone health, according to the study of "Magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Can magnesium play a key role in osteoporosis?" by Odabasi E, Turan M, Aydin A, Akay C, Kutlu M(6) but also play and important role in protecting against Alzheimer's disease, according to the study of "Altered ionized magnesium levels in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease" by Barbagallo M, Belvedere M, Di Bella G, Dominguez LJ.(7)

5. Chromium
In the investigation of examine the anti-diabetic potential of the chromium(III) propionate complex (CrProp) in a diabetic rat model, Supplementary CrProp did not affect blood glucose level, but significantly improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR index) and reduced serum levels of triacylglycerols, total and LDL cholesterols. Both supplementary dosages of CrProp (10 and 50mg Crkg(-1) diet) normalized the increased liver Fe content, reduced hepatic and renal Cu levels and elevated renal Cr contents in diabetic rats. In conclusion, CrProp has a significant anti-diabetic (insulin-sensitizing and hypolipidemic) potential; thus it might be a candidate for a therapeutic agent in diabetes, according to "Evaluation of anti-diabetic potential of chromium(III) propionate complex in high-fat diet fed and STZ injected rats" by Król E, Krejpcio Z.(8)

6. Etc.

C. Other health benefits
1. Immune system
Polyphenols, one of more powerful form of antioxidant not only helps to improve the immune system fighting against the forming of free radicals and guarding our body from foreign invasion, such as virus and bacteria, thus reducing the risk of inflammation and lessening the risk of oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cause coronary heart disease, according to the study of "Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease" by Kanti Bhooshan Pandey and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi, posted in PubMed Central (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835915/)

2. Tannins
A group of simple and complex phenol, polyphenols, and flavonoid compounds, once are considered anti nutritional but it is now known of their beneficial depending to their chemical structure and dosage for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic effects due oxidative stress, according tothe study of "Effects of green tea tannin on cisplatin-induced nephropathy in LLC-PK1 cells and rats" Yokozawa T, Nakagawa T, Lee KI, Cho EJ, Terasawa K, Takeuchi S., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10632092)

3. Catechins
Catechins are a category of polyphenols contained epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 25-100 times more potent than vitamins C and E that help to protect the body from oxidative damage by enhancing the immune function in fighting against forming of free radicals cause of cancer, according to the study of "Green tea catechins augment the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in an in vivo mouse model for chemoresistant liver cancer" by Liang G, Tang A, Lin X, Li L, Zhang S, Huang Z, Tang H, Li QQ., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514403)

4. Flavonoids
Flavonoids are best known as an antioxidant that help to protect our body from forming free-radical scavenging capacity, coronary heart disease, irregular cell causes of cancer activity and immunodeficiency virus functions, according to the study of "Vegetable flavonoids and cardiovascular disease" by Terao J, Kawai Y, Murota K., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18296359)

5. Theanine
An amino acid that produces tranquilizing effects in the brain, theanine found in green tea, has a significant clinical results for naturally calming as it promotes alpha brain waves, putting you in a state of relaxation without causing drowsiness, according to the study of "L-theanine: properties, synthesis and isolation from tea" Vuong QV, Bowyer MC, Roach PD., posted in Pubmed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21735448), researchers wrote that Theanine is a non-protein amino acid that occurs naturally in the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and contributes to the favourable taste of tea. It is also associated with effects such as the enhancement of relaxation and the improvement of concentration and learning ability. . It also increases the dopamine levels in the brain, leading to a well-being feeling, according to the study of "The neuropharmacology of L-theanine(N-ethyl-L-glutamine): a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent" by Nathan PJ, Lu K, Gray M, Oliver C., posted in PubMed

6. Etc.

Side effect
1. Tannins
a) tannins in in green tea may reduce the absorption of certain medication.
b) reduce the digestive function in absorbing iron and thiamine .
2. Caffeine
Caffeine found in green tea may cause some problems for certain people.
3. Stomach upset is the most common symptom.

4. Etc.

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer