Saturday 17 June 2023

#GreenTea's #EGCG) Induces Apoptosis of #Melanoma Cells in Virtos, Researchers Find

By Kyle J. norton

Melanoma is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth of pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. At the later stage, the cancerous cells may travel a distance away to infect other healthy organs and tissues.
According to the study, approximately 7,200 Canadians will be diagnosed with melanoma skin cancer.

Green tea, a precious drink processes a number of health benefits known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world. However, as yin in nature herbal medicine or food, long-term injection of large amounts may obstruct the balance of yin-yang, inducing "yin excessive syndrome" or "yang vacuity syndrome" including weakened immunity and painful case of GERD,... according to traditional Chinese medicine's Yin-Yang theory.

In the review of the literature published online, green tea bioactive EGCG significantly inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells through a number of mechanisms.

Gene implications in initiated cancer development and cancerous cell proliferation have gone through extensive research, particularly in melanoma.

In melanoma, green tea bioactive EGCG demonstrated a significant effect in knockdown gene overexpression (TRAF6) in reduced migration and invasion of melanoma.

TRAF6 is a protein with a function in the activation of IkappaB kinase (IKK) in response to inflammation.


In fact, green tea bioactive EGCG directly binds to TRAF6 in melanoma in attenuated the interaction of
between TRAF6 and UBC13(E2) in the activated protein (IkappaB kinase (IKK)) in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme(UBC13(E2)) is essential in the activation protein (NF- kappa B) in controls the transcription of DNA, cytokine production, and cell survival.

Furthermore, the phytochemicals also suppressed the TRAF6 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the tumor generated by TRAF6 in the regulation of important biological processes, particularly, in cell division and for the survival of the tumors.

Additionally, green tea bioactive EGCG also regulated the gene expression of proteins (IκBα and p-TAK1 e) in modulation and inactivated NF-κB-directed gene expression of inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in melanoma.


Dr. Zhang J, the lead author said, " EGCG is a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor that could be used to target TRAF6 for chemotherapy or the prevention of melanoma".


Other researchers in the focus of Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) effect in attenuated and treatment of melanoma in the gene implication via MicroRNAs (miRNAs, non-coding RNAs involved in various biological processes by regulating their target genes) also indicated that

Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) inhibited melanoma tumor growth by activating 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) signaling which has a function in down-regulated tumor cell proliferation and tumor formation by inducing apoptosis.

The bioactive compound also up-regulated miRNA-let-7b expression in induced tumor suppressor function in decreased function of 67LR in enhanced invasive and metastatic melanoma cells.

Indeed, green tea EGCG also displayed a significant effect in promoting the function of let-7b in altering the traits, of malignant cells in melanoma by regulating the expression of HMGA2.with action as a DNA transcriptional regulator.


Green tea EGCG. also, induced expression of let-7b in inhibitions of oncoproteins and activation of tumor suppressor via tumor-over expressed 67LR in the activation of PP2A, a tumor suppressor. through adenylate cyclase/cAMP pathway in cell communication.

In comparing the effects of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a protein with function in induced tumor cells apoptosis. and green tea bioactive EGCG for the treatment of groups of melanoma.
In the A375 melanoma cell line, the TRAIL application group demonstrated a strong effect in inhibition with an apoptosis rate was 11.8% at a dose of 150ng/mL compared to the green tea EGCG treatment group of 5%-7 %.

Interestingly, in combined TRAIL and green tea EGCG treatment groups, the inhibited rate increased sufficiently to 48.9 - 59.1%

Further analysis also found that EGCG's effectiveness in the treatment of melanoma was attributed to the activity of caspase-3 rather than caspase-8 in the mediation of programmed cell death (apoptosis).

The findings suggest that by blocking the sequence of gene expression of the tumor, green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) may be considered an adjunct combined with TRAIL for the prevention and treatment of melanoma.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) suppresses melanoma cell growth and metastasis by targeting TRAF6 activity by Zhang J1,2, Lei Z1,2, Huang Z3, Zhang X1,2, Zhou Y1,2, Luo Z1,2, Zeng W1,2, Su J1,2, Peng C1,2, Chen X1,2.(PubMed)
(2) EGCG enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in human melanoma A375 cell line by Shen Q1, Tian F, Jiang P, Li Y, Zhang L, Lu J, Li J.(PubMed)
(3) Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate up-regulates microRNA-let-7b expression by activating 67-kDa laminin receptor signaling in melanoma cells by Yamada S1, Tsukamoto S1, Huang Y1, Makio A1, Kumazoe M1, Yamashita S1, Tachibana H1.(PubMed)

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