Sunday, 7 November 2021

Beta-Sitosterol Blocks the Onset of Lung Inflammation

By Kyle J. Norton

The lung is a vital organ of the human being, located near the backbone on either side of the heart with functions of inhaling oxygen from the air then transporting them to the bloodstream to nourish the body cells' needs and exhaling carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.

Respiratory disease is a medical condition that affects the breathing organ and tissues including Inflammatory lung disease, such as obstructive lung diseases, restrictive lung diseases, respiratory tract infections, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, the nerves,....... and muscles breathing.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease, affecting the airway of the lung with recurring symptoms, such as wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, and coughing.

The disease affects people of all ages, and mostly starts during childhood.

According to the American academy, allergy, asthma, and immunology, about 1 in 10 children (10%) had asthma and 1 in 12 adults (8%) had asthma in 2009. (about 25 million, or 8% of the U.S. population).

Inflammation is the natural response of the immune system macrophages, the first line of defense in stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect our body against the infection caused by foreign microorganisms during the acute phase of body damage and injury.

Truly, the main focus of inflammation is to repair damage and injury.

Most cases of infection associated with inflammation are stopped at the acute phase. The wound or injury is slowly recovered.

However, overexpression of inflammatory cytokines in most cases can cause improper healing with scar formation or the death of nearby cells.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 3 months is considered chronic inflammation.

Chronic inflammation is the result of the immune system's inability to kill off all the microorganisms that participated in the acute phase of infection, leading to the forming of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases such as RA and diabetes.

However, in people with a weakened immune system, acute inflammatory progression cannot be stopped due to the inability of the immune system to destroy all invaders, which may lead to low-grade chronic inflammation.

Epidemiologically, diseases associated with chronic inflammation are asthma, chronic peptic ulcer, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, inflammatory bowel inflammatory disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), sinusitis, and hepatitis.

Anti-inflammation is the process that inhibits inflammation or swelling without affecting the immune property to curb foreign pathogens.

Conventionally, the most common use of anti-inflammatory medicines is over counter aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Nuprin), and other prescription NSAIDs.

Beta-Sitosterol is a phytochemical in the class of Phytosterols, belongings to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in avocados, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat. etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, researchers examined the inhibitory effects of beta-sitosterol (BS) and lactose-BS (L-BS) on the pathophysiological process in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice.

According to the chemical analysis, beta-sitosterol (BS) and lactose-BS (L-BS) showed a significant activity to decrease the total cells and eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the ROS production compared to the asthma control. 

In other words, beta-sitosterol (BS) and lactose-BS (L-BS) inhibited the expression of immune response that induces inflammation through their anti-inflammatory expression.
More precisely, both L-BS and BS mitigated the inflammation by eosinophil infiltration and mucus hypersecretion by goblet hyperplasia.

Furthermore, L-BS and BS inhibited the increased mRNA and protein expression of IL-4 and IL-5, the pro-inflammatory proteins in the lung tissue and BAL fluid, respectively.

In comparison essays, L-BS were superior to those of BS, including the inhibition of Ovalbumin-specific IgE in the BAL fluid.

Moreover, L-BS blocked the survival rate of the splenocytes of the mice compared to the BS group and control.

Taken altogether, beta-Sitosterol may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of lung inflammation, particularly in patients with asthma, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of beta-Sitosterol in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Study of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of Achillea ageratum on chronic and acute inflammation models by Gómez MA1, Sáenz MT, García MD, Fernández MA. (PubMed)

lung Inflammation
(1) Effects of lactose-beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol on ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in actively sensitized mice by Yuk JE1, Woo JS, Yun CY, Lee JS, Kim JH, Song GY, Yang EJ, Hur IK, Kim IS. (PubMed)

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